Reverse osmosis imachotsa mchere. Imachotsanso china chilichonse. Madzi omwe amatuluka mu nembanemba ya RO ndi amphamvu kwambiri - pH yotsika, kuuma pafupifupi zero, alkalinity pafupifupi zero, komanso mphamvu ya dzimbiri yomwe imachotsa lead kuchokera ku solder joints ndikusungunula simenti kuchokera ku mapaipi ogawa. M'maboma a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean ku Spain, komwe madzi ochotsedwa mchere amayenda kuchokera ku zomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja kudzera mu netiweki yokalamba kupita kumizinda yamkati, mphamvu ya dzimbiri si yongopeka. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kulephera kwa mapaipi m'machitidwe ogawa madzi ochotsedwa mchere kumawononga ndalama zambiri kusamalira kuposa maukonde ogawa madzi wamba.
Kukonzekera kwaukadaulo ndi kubwezeretsa mchere: ikani CO₂ yosungunuka m'madzi opangira kuti muchepetse pH yake, kenako muidutse kudzera mu cholumikizira cha miyala yamchere komwe CO₂ imayanjana ndi calcium carbonate kuti isungunuke calcium ndi bicarbonate m'madzi. Zotsatira zake ndi madzi okhala ndi kuuma kolamulidwa komanso alkalinity - Langelier Saturation Index yokhazikika yomwe sidzawononga kapena kukulitsa makoma a mapaipi.
Kuchuluka kwa CO₂ kumalamulira chilichonse. CO₂ yochepa kwambiri: calcium yosakwanira imasungunuka kuchokera ku miyala yamchere, madzi amakhalabe owononga. CO₂ yochuluka kwambiri: mpweya wochuluka umadutsa mu contactor osasintha, umalowa mu dongosolo logawa, ndikugwetsa pH ya madzi pampopi - kuphwanya malamulo motsatira Real Decreto 140/2003 ya Spain (miyezo ya madzi akumwa, yoposa 500 mg/L CO₂). Sensor ya CO₂ yosungunuka ndiyo chida chokhacho chomwe chimayesa mlingo weniweni womwe waperekedwa ku ndondomekoyi, osati mlingo womwe pampu yogawa imafuna.
Sensa
Sensa ya CO₂ yosungunuka ya Honde imagwiritsa ntchito elekitironi ya membrane ya mtundu wa Severinghaus. CO₂ imafalikira kuchokera ku madzi omwe amapangidwa kudzera mu nembanemba yomwe imalowa mu mpweya kupita ku buffer yamkati, komwe imapanga kusintha kwa pH komwe elekitironiyo imasinthira kukhala kuwerenga kwa kuchuluka. Muyeso wake ndi wapadera kwa CO₂ yosungunuka — siyankha ku bicarbonate, carbonate, kapena mtundu wina uliwonse wosungunuka.
| Kufotokozera | Mtengo |
|---|---|
| Mfundo yoyezera | Severinghaus nembanemba elekitirodi |
| Mtundu wa CO₂ | 0–2,000 ppm (0–2 g/L) |
| Kulondola | ± 3% FS |
| Mawonekedwe | 0.01 ppm |
| Kubwezera kutentha | Yokha, 0–50°C |
| Zotsatira | RS485 Modbus-RTU / 4–20 mA |
| Opanda zingwe | GPRS / 4G / WiFi / LoRa / LoRaWAN |
| Nyumba | Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316L, IP68 |
Kuchepetsa kutentha kokha ndiye mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa kuchotsa mchere m'madzi ku Spain ku Mediterranean. Kutentha kwa madzi a chinthucho kumasiyana kuyambira 16°C nthawi yozizira mpaka 28°C nthawi yachilimwe — kusintha kwa 12°C komwe kumapangitsa cholakwika cha 12–15% mu muyeso wa CO₂ wosasungunuka. Malamulo a madzi akumwa aku Spain amafuna kuti milingo ya CO₂ iyesedwe pamalo ogawa, omwe ali pa kutentha kozungulira. Sensa yoyesedwa pa 20°C yowerengera madzi a chinthucho nthawi yachilimwe pa 28°C imaposa kuchuluka kwa CO₂ ndi pafupifupi 15% — yokwanira kuyambitsa alamu yabodza pafakitale yoyezera. Kuchepetsa kutentha kumathetsa kusinthaku kwa nyengo.
Kukonzekera kwa Njira Yotsatira Chithandizo
Pa fakitale ya Spanish SWRO (madzi a m'nyanja RO), sensa ya CO₂ yosungunuka imayikidwa pamalo awiri oyezera:
Mfundo 1: Malo operekera mlingo wa CO₂Pansi pa mutu wa injection wa CO₂, pamwamba pa ma contactor a limestone. Sensa imatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa CO₂ komwe kwasungunuka madzi asanalowe mu bedi la limestone. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndi CO₂ komwe kwasungunuka kumasiyana pamene mphamvu ya mpweya wa CO₂ ikusintha kapena mphamvu ya madzi ikasintha pang'ono - zochitika zomwe wolamulira mpweya wotulutsa mpweya sazizindikira. Sensa imazizindikira nthawi yomweyo.
Mfundo 2: Mutu wa contactor outlet/distributionPambuyo pa zolumikizira miyala yamwala. Sensa imayesa CO₂ yotsala yosungunuka m'madzi omalizidwa, kutsimikizira kuti momwe miyala yamwala imachitira yadya CO₂ mkati mwa malire olamulira. Apa ndiye poyezera kutsata malamulo.
| Malo oyezera njira | Ntchito ya sensa | Malire oyendetsera malamulo |
|---|---|---|
| Malo operekera mankhwala a CO₂ | Imatsimikizira mlingo weniweni poyerekeza ndi mlingo wolamulidwa | Palibe malire olunjika; imayendetsa PID control |
| Cholumikizira/chotulutsira | Kuyeza kutsatira malamulo | < 500 mg/L CO₂ (Real Decreto 140/2003) |
Kapangidwe ka Mayankho
Gawo 1 - Zida zogwiritsira ntchito zomeraMasensa onsewa amalumikizana ndi netiweki yowongolera njira ya fakitale kudzera mu RS485 Modbus-RTU. Deta logger yokhala ndi sikirini m'chipinda chowongolera chomera imawonetsa mfundo zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi - kuchuluka kwa CO₂ ndi madzi otsala omwe atsirizidwa - ndi graphing ya masiku 30. Woyendetsa fakitale amatsimikizira sensa iliyonse pamwezi motsutsana ndi Handmeter reference: chitsanzo chojambulidwa chomwe chimawunikidwa ndi CO₂ mita yonyamulika, poyerekeza ndi kuwerenga komwe kwayikidwa.
Gawo 2 — KutumizaMasensa a zomera amatumiza kudzera mu GPRS, 4G, kapena ma module a WiFi ku netiweki yapakati ya SCADA ya kampani ya madzi. Pa mafakitale a satellite ku Canary Islands ndi malo oimikapo magalimoto akutali ku Almería ndi Murcia komwe kulumikizana kwapadera kwa WAN kuli kochepa, LoRaWAN imatumiza deta ku malo ogwirira ntchito a kampaniyi m'chigawo. Deta yonse imasungidwa mu mtundu wa MQTT Json, zomwe zimapatsa onse olamulira a PID a fakitaleyo komanso nsanja yowunikira khalidwe la madzi ya kampaniyi.
Gawo 3 — Mtambo ndi kuwongolera mlingoSeva ya Mtambo ndi mapulogalamu amaphatikiza deta ya CO₂ yosungunuka kuchokera ku mafakitale onse owunikira ochotsa mchere, kuwonetsa deta yeniyeni ndi mbiri yakale pa netiweki yothandizira ya kampaniyi. Dongosolo lotumizira alamu limagwira ntchito motsatira malire otsatira malamulo: pamene CO₂ ya contactor-outlet ipitirira 450 mg/L — 50 mg/L pansi pa malire olamulira — relay imadziwitsa woyang'anira shift ndikulengeza chochitikacho kuti chipereke lipoti la kotala lililonse. Relay yachiwiri pa sensa yoperekera mlingo imayamba pamene CO₂ yatsika pansi pa kuchuluka kochepa kwa contactor-feed, kudziwitsa wogwiritsa ntchito kuti CO₂ yosakwanira ikufika pa bedi la miyala yamchere.
Zotsatira Zakumunda: Chomera cha SWRO cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, Murcia, Spain, 2026
Fakitale ya SWRO ku Murcia yomwe imatumikira anthu 180,000 okhala m'mizinda inayika Honde yomwe inasungunula masensa a CO₂ pamalo onse awiri mu Januwale 2026, m'malo mwa njira yakale yoyesera CO₂ pamanja kawiri pa nthawi iliyonse.
- • Zipangizo:Masensa awiri a CO₂ osungunuka pa sitima iliyonse yothandizira (sitima 4 = masensa 8 onse), RS485 yopita ku fakitale ya PLC, 4G yopita ku SCADA yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
- • Zapafupi:Kulemba deta ndi sikirini mu chipinda chowongolera; Kutsimikizira kwa Handmeter pamwezi.
- • Mtambo:MQTT Json ku nsanja yabwino kwambiri ya kampaniyi.
- • Alamu:450 mg/L high-CO₂ relay; relay yocheperako yoperekera mlingo pa sitima iliyonse.
| Chiyerekezo | Chitsanzo choyambirira cha kutenga (2025) | Sensa ya CO₂ yozungulira (2026) |
|---|---|---|
| Kuchuluka kwa CO₂ m'madzi omalizidwa (>500 mg/L) | 7 | 0 |
| Kulephera kwa dosing-pump sikunadziwike > maola awiri | 9 | 0 |
| maulendo a pH pamalo ogawa | 23 | 4 |
| Mtengo wa mankhwala oyezera CO₂ (wolembedwa) | 100% | 87% |
| Kusanthula kwa CO₂ labu pamanja pamwezi | 720 | 72 (kutsimikizira kokha) |
- Kuchuluka kwa CO₂ m'madzi omalizidwa 7 komwe kunalembedwa mu 2025 — chilichonse chinali chochitika chovomerezeka chomwe chinkafunika kudziwitsidwa ku Unduna wa Zaumoyo ku Spain — kunatsika kufika pa zero m'miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yoyambirira ya ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito zida. Dongosolo lotumizira ma alarm linapeza kupitirira katatu komwe kunayamba pa mlingo wa 450 mg/L ndipo linadziwitsa woyang'anira shift, yemwe adakonza kuchuluka kwa CO₂ asanayambe kukhudzidwa ndi malo omalizidwa a madzi.
- Kulephera kwa pampu yoyezera mlingo 9 mu 2025 sikunadziwike kwa maola opitilira awiri mayeso a chitsanzo chojambulira adawapeza - chifukwa chizindikiro chowongolera cha pampu chidawonetsa "kuthamanga" pomwe valavu yokhazikika idaletsa kutumizidwa kwa CO₂. Sensor yamkati pa malo otulutsira mlingo idazindikira chochitika chilichonse chofanana mu nyengo ya 2026 mkati mwa mphindi ziwiri kuchokera pomwe kulephera kudayamba, chilichonse chidayambitsa alamu yotumizira nthawi yomweyo.
- Mtengo woperekera mankhwala a CO₂ watsika ndi 13% - njira yolumikizirana ya inline feedback loop inalola chomera kulimbitsa malo operekera mankhwala kuchokera pa 280 mg/L kufika pa 240 mg/L pamalo otulutsira mankhwala, kuchotsa malire otetezeka omwe anali kulipira kusatsimikizika kwa kunyamula mankhwala kawiri.
- Kusanthula kwa CO₂ pamanja kwachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 720 kufika pa 72 pamwezi — masensa omwe ali mkati mwake amasamalira kuwunika kosalekeza kutsatira malamulo; zitsanzo za mwezi uliwonse zimapereka njira yowunikira kutsimikizira.
Lumikizanani ndi Honde Technology kuti muyang'anire kuyeretsa madzi
Honde Technology ndi kampani yotsimikizika ya TUV & Alibaba ku Germany. Timapereka zida zoyezera CO₂ zosungunuka, ukadaulo wa Severinghaus membrane, ndi telemetry yowongolera njira yofunikira pa malo oyeretsera madzi omwe amagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo a CO₂.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza masensa ndi njira zosinthira za IoT zomwe mwasankha, chonde lemberani Honde Technology Co., LTD.
- WhatsApp: +86-15210548582
- Imelo: info@hondetech.com
- Webusaiti ya Kampani: www.hondetechco.com
Mapu Ofunikira Pamisika Yopangidwa Yochotsa Mchere ndi Kuyeretsa Madzi
Sensa ya CO₂ yosungunuka yowongolera kubwezeretsanso mchere ndi njira yogawidwa m'dziko lililonse lomwe likugwira ntchito yochotsa mchere wa SWRO pamlingo wa boma. Mafakitale a Sorek ndi Hadera ku Israeli - malo akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi a SWRO - amayendetsa ntchito yowunikira CO₂ yosungunuka mosalekeza pa ma contactor awo a miyala yamchere. Zomera za Perth Seawater Desalination Plants (SWDP) ku Australia ndi malo a Kurnell ku Sydney amatchula masensa a CO₂ omwe ali mkati ngati gawo la zida zoyendetsera malamulo. Netiweki ya Algarve desalination ku Portugal, yomwe idakulitsidwa pambuyo pa chilala cha 2022-2025, imafuna kuyang'aniridwa kwa CO₂ pamalo aliwonse olumikizirana. Cyprus ndi Malta, komwe kuchotsa mchere kumapereka madzi opitilira 50%, amagwiritsa ntchito masensa a CO₂ osungunuka ngati zida zoyambira zotsatirira maukonde awo ogawa. Fakitale iliyonse imalumikizana ndi zofunikira zomwezo za sensa: Severinghaus membrane electrode, automatic temperature compensation, ndi RS485/MQTT output - njira yomwe imatseka kuzungulira kolamulira kwa dosing komwe sampulo yamanja singagwire.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-25-2026