Chifukwa Chake Vuto la Chitetezo cha Madzi Otayira ku India Likuyambitsa Kuyesetsa Kwadziko Lonse Kuti Kupezekenso kwa Mafuta Ambiri

Tsiku: Julayi 27, 2026

Chaka chilichonse, ogwira ntchito m'matanki a zimbudzi ndi zimbudzi amafa m'mizinda ya ku India. Imfa zimatsatira njira yofanana kwambiri moti dzina lake ndi lakuti: "opulumutsa amakhala ozunzidwa." Wantchito amatsikira m'dzenje kuti achotse chotsekacho. Hydrogen sulfide - yolemera kuposa mpweya, yopanda mtundu, imanunkhiza mazira ovunda okha pamlingo wochepa, kenako imafooketsa mitsempha ya fungo pamlingo wapamwamba - yasonkhana pansi pa shaft. Wantchitoyo amataya chikumbumtima m'masekondi ochepa. Wantchito wachiwiri amatsikira kuti amutulutse. Nayenso amafa. Wachitatu amatsatira. Pofika nthawi yomwe ntchitoyi imayima, anthu atatu kapena asanu amakhala atafa mu chubu cha konkire chakuya mamita asanu ndi limodzi.

Deta ya National Crime Records Bureau ikusonyeza kuti izi si zachilendo. Imfa mazana ambiri zimalembedwa chaka chilichonse m'maboma aku India, ndipo chiwerengero chenicheni chikukhulupirira kuti ndi chokwera chifukwa milandu yambiri imayikidwa m'gulu la "kumira mwangozi" kapena "zifukwa zachilengedwe." Khoti Lalikulu la India lalowererapo kangapo, posachedwapa likulamula kuyeretsa zimbudzi pogwiritsa ntchito makina komanso kuyesa gasi asanalowe. Lamulo la Chitetezo cha Ntchito, Umoyo ndi Mikhalidwe Yogwirira Ntchito, lomwe linayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2020, limafuna momveka bwino olemba ntchito kuti awonetsetse kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ndi otetezeka m'malo otsekedwa - kuphatikizapo kuyang'anira mpweya kosalekeza komwe mlengalenga woopsa ndi wotheka.

Kusiyana pakati pa lamulo ndi zenizeni ndi chipangizo chimodzi chokha: chowunikira mpweya chokhazikika, chomwe chimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse chomwe chingapulumuke m'malo otayira madzi ndikutumiza alamu wantchito asanatsike.

1. Kodi Mpweya Wochuluka Ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni?

Chitsime cha madzi otayira si malo okhala ndi mpweya umodzi. Ndi chisakanizo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana chomwe chimasintha malinga ndi kuya, kutentha, ndi momwe madzi amayendera.

Pansi, pomwe ogwira ntchito amalowa kuti achotse zotsekeka, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) imasonkhana. Yopangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya osagwira ntchito m'zimbudzi, H₂S imapha kwambiri pamlingo woposa 100 ppm. Pa 1,000 ppm - zomwe sizachilendo m'zimbudzi zotsekeka zomwe zakhala zikukhala kwa masiku ambiri - imapha mkati mwa mphindi zochepa.

Pamwamba pa mzere wa madzi, methane (CH₄) yochokera mu njira yomweyi yowola imakwera kupita pamwamba pa shaft. Imaphulika pakati pa 5% ndi 15% ya mlengalenga wotsika wophulika - kuchuluka komwe kumafikira mosavuta m'chitsime chopanda mpweya wabwino. Kuwala kamodzi kokha kuchokera ku chida chachitsulo cha wogwira ntchito kapena ndudu yomwe yagwetsedwa kumatha kuphulitsa shaft yonse.

Pakati pa gawo lapakati, carbon dioxide (CO₂) ndi ammonia (NH₃) zimasakanikirana mosiyanasiyana. CO₂ imachotsa mpweya — dzenje lolowera mpweya lomwe lili ndi 8% CO₂ lalowa m'malo mwa mpweya wopumira. NH₃ imakwiyitsa njira yopumira ndipo imasonyeza kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake chowunikira mpweya umodzi si njira yovomerezeka. Wantchito wonyamula chowunikira cha H₂S chokha amatha kulowa m'chitsime chokhala ndi methane yoopsa pamwamba pake osawona alamu. Kapangidwe ka Honde RD-NC3HO-01 komwe kamayikidwa m'maboma aku India kamayesa H₂S, CH₄, CO₂, NH₃, ndi O₂ nthawi imodzi - mulu wonse wa mpweya wa malo otayira zinyalala - wokhala ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi malinga ndi chilengedwe.

2. Chogulitsa: Chomwe Chimapulumuka M'madzi Otayira

RD-NC3HO-01 ndi chipangizo chomangiriridwa pakhoma chokhala ndi chiwonetsero cha LCD chophatikizidwa chomwe chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya nthawi yeniyeni pa mpweya wonse wokonzedwa. RS485 Modbus-RTU output imanyamula detayo ku datalogger yapafupi kapena module yolumikizirana. Power input imalandira 10–24VDC, yogwirizana ndi zida zonse zowongolera za m'boma komanso makina a batri a dzuwa a malo opopera madzi okhaokha.

Mafotokozedwe awiri amatsimikizira kupulumuka mu malo otayira madzi.

Kutentha kwa ntchito kuyambira -30°C mpaka +85°C. Mabowo aku India ku Delhi kapena Mumbai safika -30°C, koma denga la +85°C ndilo nambala yofunika kwambiri. Shaft ya mabowo m'chilimwe, yokhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa anaerobic komwe kumapanga kutentha, imatha kusunga kutentha kwa 45–55°C pansi pomwe mpweya wapamwamba pamphepete mwa mabowo ndi 40°C. Masensa okhala ndi denga logwira ntchito lovomerezeka la +50°C amasunthika kapena amalephera mkati mwa milungu ingapo. Chiyeso cha RD-NC3HO-01's +85°C chimaphimba chilengedwe chonse ndi malire.

Kapangidwe ka nyumba ndi cholumikizira. Chipangizocho chimayikidwa pa bracket ndipo chimatsekedwa kuti chisalowe chinyezi. Malumikizidwe a chingwe ndi malo ofooka m'malo ambiri oyikamo - chimbudzi chimakhala ndi chinyezi cha 100% ndipo madzi amatuluka m'makoma. Malumikizidwe a Honde otsekedwa kawiri amaletsa kulowa kwa chinyezi komwe kumalepheretsa magetsi osatetezedwa mkati mwa nyengo imodzi yamvula.

3. Kapangidwe ka Njira Yothetsera Vuto la Chitetezo cha Madzi Otayira ku Manispaa

Kutumizidwa kwa asilikali a boma la India kumatsatira dongosolo la magawo atatu lomwe limasuntha kuchokera pamphepete mwa dzenje kupita ku malo olamulira a boma.

Katswiri wa zaulimi amagwiritsa ntchito Handmeter panthawi yowunikira kotala lililonse kuti atsimikizire sensa yoyikidwayo motsutsana ndi reference yoyendetsedwa bwino isanayambe nyengo iliyonse ya mvula yamkuntho - pamene kupanga mpweya wa zimbudzi kumafika pachimake ndi kuphatikiza kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zachilengedwe.

4. Zotsatira za M'munda: Woyesa Chitetezo cha Madzi Otayira ku Municipal, Delhi, June 2026

Mu June 2026, kutumizidwa kwa zida zoyesera 120 zoyesera gasi wambiri za RD-NC3HO-01 kunayamba kugwira ntchito m'malo atatu oopsa otayira madzi ku Delhi — madera a Shahdara, Najafgarh, ndi Okhla, omwe m'mbuyomu anali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe anamwalira m'mabowo amadzi.

Zotsatira za ntchito patatha masiku 45:

• Netiwekiyi inalemba zochitika 217 za alamu m'maboma atatuwa — makamaka maulendo a H₂S opitilira 10 ppm panthawi yoyeretsa pambuyo pa mvula. Mwa izi, 43 adapitilira malire a 25 ppm.
• Mu milandu 8 yolembedwa, alamu yotumizira uthenga idayamba kugwira ntchito gulu loyeretsa lisanafike pamalo osungira anthu. Woyang'anira gululo, potsatira njira yatsopanoyi, anakana kulowa ndipo anatsegula mpweya m'malo osungira anthu kwa mphindi 45. Kuyesedwanso kunasonyeza kuti H₂S inali itatsika pansi pa 5 ppm. Pansi pa dongosolo lakale, magulu 8 amenewo akanatha kulowa m'mlengalenga woopsa.
• Pulogalamu yotsimikizira mita yamanja idapeza masensa atatu omwe anali ndi kusinthasintha kwa calibration komwe kumapitirira ±15% panthawi ya kotala la nyengo isanafike mvula. Onse atatu adasinthidwa nyengo yoopsa isanayambe.
• Palibe imfa za ogwira ntchito zomwe zinalembedwa m'madera omwe anali kuyang'aniridwa panthawi yoyesera - nthawi yoyamba yopanda imfa ya masiku 45 m'mbiri yaposachedwa ya zigawo zimenezo.
• Kutengera ndi kuyesaku, bungwe la boma lavomereza kukulitsa malo ena 400 owunikira m'madera otsala a zimbudzi ku Delhi, ndipo kugula kukuyembekezeka kuchitika kotala lachinayi la 2026.

5. Mapu Ofunikira Kwambiri: Kumene Kupeza Mpweya Wambiri Kukukula

Vuto la chitetezo cha zimbudzi ku India ndilo vuto lalikulu kwambiri, koma silokhalo lomwe limayambitsa kufunikira kozindikira mpweya wambiri.

Middle East — malo opangira mafuta ndi gasi. Ku Saudi Arabia ndi UAE, ogwira ntchito ku fakitale yoyeretsera mafuta amakumana ndi vuto lomweli la malo otsekedwa m'njira yosiyana: H₂S pakukonza mafuta osakonzedwa, CH₄ m'malo osungiramo zinthu, ndi CO₂ m'magawo osungira mapaipi. Choyendetsa bwino ndi miyezo yachitetezo chamkati ya ADNOC ndi Aramco, yomwe imafuna kuti pakhale kuyang'anira kosalekeza kwa gasi m'malo otsekedwa. Malowa amagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwezo za RD-NC3HO-01 - zopangidwira gasi woyeretsera mafuta - ndi zotulutsa za 4-20mA zomwe zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku PLC yotetezeka ya fakitale yomwe ilipo.

Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia — chithandizo cha madzi otayira. Nyumba zoyeretsera madzi otayira zomwe zikukula mofulumira ku Vietnam, zomwe zamangidwa motsatira pulogalamu yake yokhudzana ndi chilengedwe, zimafuna kuyang'aniridwa kwa gasi m'malo opopera ndi malo olowera komwe H₂S ndi CH₄ zimasonkhana. Mbiri ya kufunikira kwa gasi imafanana ndi ya ku India koma pamlingo wocheperako pa malo aliwonse oyikapo - nthawi zambiri masensa 10–30 pa malo oyeretsera m'malo mwa 120 pa chigawo chilichonse cha mzinda.

South Africa — migodi ndi mizinda. Kuphatikiza kwa migodi yozama kwambiri (komwe CH₄ ndi CO₄ ndiye zoopsa zazikulu) ndi zomangamanga zakale za zimbudzi za m'matauni zimayika South Africa pakati pa misika khumi yapamwamba yowunikira gasi padziko lonse lapansi.