Chida cha nyengo chozikidwa pa mfundo yakale ya zaka 135 chikuonekera mwachisawawa m'maso mwa anthu. Choyezera mvula cha tipping bucket—chomwe kale chinkapezeka m'malo ochitira nyengo akatswiri okha—tsopano chikuchita gawo lofunika kwambiri pamavuto a TikTok, machitidwe ochenjeza kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi ulimi wanzeru m'njira zosiyanasiyana monga zoyezera mvula zokha ndi zoyezera mvula za digito.
Chaputala 1: Sayansi Yomwe Imayambitsa Zochitika za TikTok
#RainBucketChallenge ikufalikira pa nsanja zazifupi zapadziko lonse lapansi. Malamulo ake ndi osavuta: yesani mvula ya maola 24 ndi chipangizo choyezera mvula chopangidwa ndi manja chokha ndikuchiphatikiza ndi kanema wolenga.
Ndi ochepa okha omwe amadziwa kuti vuto ili lomwe likuoneka ngati losangalatsa likupititsa patsogolo sayansi ya nyengo ya nzika. Kanema wa @WeatherJoe, wokonda nyengo ku Britain, akuwonetsa kufananiza kodabwitsa: choyezera mvula cha bakete chopangidwa kunyumba chinali chosiyana ndi 3.2% yokha kuchokera ku chipangizo chaukadaulo chamtengo wapatali kuposa yuan zikwi khumi pansi pa mvula yapakati.
“Chinsinsi chili pa kapangidwe kolondola ka chidebe chodulira,” anafotokoza pulofesa wa uinjiniya wa ku Cambridge University mu ndemanga za kanemayo. “Mageji a mvula amakono a digito akadali kudalira mfundo yaikulu iyi—mvula iliyonse ya 0.2mm imayambitsa nsonga—kapangidwe ka zaka zana komwe sikangathe kusinthidwa.”
Mfundo Zazikulu Kuchokera ku Ndemanga Zotchuka:
- "Deta yanga ya 50-yuan yodziyimira yokha ya rain gauge ikugwirizana ndi pulogalamu ya bungwe la meteorological!"
- "Kudina kwa chidebe chodumpha ndiye phokoso loyera labwino kwambiri"
Mutu 2: Mphindi 17 Chigumula Champhamvu Chisanachitike
Mu Julayi 2023, ku Ya'an, Sichuan, netiweki ya akatswiri oyesera mvula ya IoT idapereka chenjezo la kusefukira kwa madzi mphindi 17 pasadakhale.
Mtsogoleri wa bungwe loyang'anira zadzidzidzi m'deralo adavumbulutsa pamsonkhano wa atolankhani kuti: "Ma gridi achikhalidwe a malo ochitira nyengo ali pamtunda wa makilomita 10. Kuyika kwathu ma gauge amvula 200 a digito kudapanga gridi ya kilomita imodzi. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kwa makilomita 9 kumeneku ndiko komwe kudatenga zambiri zofunika za mvula yambiri m'deralo."
Deta ya dongosolo inasonyeza: m'dera la 暴雨中心, choyezera mvula cha tipping bucket chinasonyeza kuti mvula yagwa 86mm pa ola limodzi, pomwe siteshoni yodziwika bwino yomwe ili pamtunda wa makilomita 5 inasonyeza kuti yagwa 34mm yokha. "Kusiyana kwa 52mm kumeneku ndi komwe kunatipangitsa kusankha kuchoka."
Dongosolo laukadaulo loyezera mvula lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhaniyi lakhala chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chophunzitsira za uinjiniya wa nyengo pa LinkedIn, ndipo njira zina zokhudzana ndiukadaulo zikutsatiridwa ndi mayiko monga Pakistan ndi Philippines.
Mutu 3: Momwe Zatsopano zaku China Zikusinthira Kuwunika Mvula Padziko Lonse
Mu fakitale ya Zhejiang, ma gauge a mvula odziyimira pawokha amatuluka pamzere wopanga pa mayunitsi 30 pamphindi. Zipangizo zazikuluzikulu za kanjedza zimaphatikiza ukadaulo wa digito wa gauge yamvula ndi zinthu zamphamvu:
- Dongosolo la zidebe ziwiri losatseka (la fumbi, masamba)
- Kudzipatsa mphamvu pa dzuwa (batri limakhala ndi moyo wa zaka ziwiri)
- Kuyika malo kwa BeiDou/GPS pa njira ziwiri
- Ma algorithms obwezera kutentha
Woyang'anira malonda akunja kwa kampaniyo adavumbulutsa kuti: "Tinatumiza ma rain gauge 80,000 akatswiri chaka chatha, makamaka kumayiko a Belt and Road. M'madera ena a ku Africa, kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zathu tsopano kukuposa ku Europe."
Luso lagona pa kulinganiza mwanzeru: kugwiritsa ntchito makina kuphunzira kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa zidebe ndikukonza zolakwika zokha, kukulitsa moyo wamunda wa ma gauge a mvula okhaokha kuyambira zaka ziwiri mpaka zisanu.
Mutu 4: "Akaunti wa Mvula" mu Ulimi
Mu dera la vinyo la Ningxia, munda uliwonse wa mpesa wa mahekitala atatu uli ndi choyezera mvula cha digito cha IoT. Dongosololi silimangolemba mvula yokha komanso limagwirizana ndi zoyezera nthaka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pothirira moyenera.
"Tinkadalira zomwe takumana nazo kale; tsopano timadalira deta," anatero katswiri waukadaulo wa fakitale ya vinyo. "Deta yoyezera mvula ya tip bucket inasonyeza kuchepa kwa mvula ndi 12% panthawi ya maluwa chaka chino poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha. Tinasintha kuthirira moyenera, tikuyembekezera kuti 30% ya madzi asungidwe."
Kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru kwambiri kumawonekera mu inshuwaransi: Alimi a maapulo a ku Shandong amagwiritsa ntchito deta yaukadaulo yoyezera mvula ngati maziko a zopempha za chipukuta misozi. Pa nthawi ya mvula yamkuntho ya 2022, deta yamphamvu ya mvula mphindi iliyonse inakweza magwiridwe antchito a zopempha ndi 70%.
Mutu 5: "Mapeto a Mitsempha" a Kuletsa Kusefukira kwa Madzi M'mizinda
Mu Chigawo cha Huangpu ku Guangzhou, ma gauge 200 a mvula okha omwe saphulika amagwira ntchito mkati mwa mapaipi otulutsa madzi pansi pa nthaka, akuyang'anira momwe madzi amalowera nthawi yeniyeni.
“Mageji amvula akale omwe ali m’mbali mwa msewu sangasonyeze momwe mapaipi alili enieni,” anafotokoza mainjiniya wa boma. “Mageji athu amvula a digito adazindikira kulowa kwa madzi kosazolowereka mupaipi imodzi ngakhale kuti mvula inali yochepa—kafukufuku adavumbula kutsekedwa kwa nyumbayo, zomwe zinaletsa kusefukira kwa madzi.”
Dongosolo laukadaulo loyezera mvula lachenjeza bwino za zochitika zitatu zakusefukira kwa madzi m'deralo, ndipo mapepala ofanana nawo asankhidwa ngati milandu yabwino kwambiri pachaka ndi International Association for Urban Hydrology.
Mutu 6: Kuchokera ku Zipangizo Zaukadaulo Kupita ku Katundu Wogwiritsidwa Ntchito
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, ma gauge a mvula opangidwa ndi zidebe za tip-bucket akusintha kuchoka pa zida zaukadaulo zanyengo kupita ku zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Gauge ya mvula yodziyimira yokha ya kampani ina yaukadaulo imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi pulogalamu ya foni kudzera pa Wi-Fi, mtengo wake ndi 299 yuan yokha, ndipo malonda a mwezi woyamba amaposa mayunitsi 10,000.
“Tinasintha ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri wa ma gauge amvula aukadaulo,” anafotokoza woyang'anira malonda. “Tinasunga kulondola kwa ma gauge amvula a digito koma tinapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta ngati pulagi yanzeru.”
Pa Pinterest, maphunziro a “tipping bucket rain gauge DIY” asonkhanitsa zopulumutsa zoposa 500,000, zomwe zapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga zida za sayansi ya ana ndi zoseweretsa zochepetsera kupsinjika pakompyuta. Mu zida za sayansi za kampani ina yophunzitsa, chida chaching'ono choyezera mvula chokha ndicho chinthu chodziwika kwambiri.
Mutu 7: Malire Atsopano a Kupeza Deta
Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha misika yogulitsa mpweya wa kaboni, deta yolondola ya mvula ikukhala chuma chosowa. Kampani ina yaukadaulo wazachilengedwe yayambitsa pulojekiti ya "data ya mvula yomwe ili pa unyolo", yosunga deta kuchokera ku zikwizikwi za akatswiri oyesa mvula pa blockchain.
"M'magawo monga kubwezera zachilengedwe ndi nthawi yamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, deta yosasinthika ya mvula yoperekedwa ndi ma digito a mvula ndi yofunika kwambiri," adatero mtsogoleri wa polojekitiyi. "Talandiranso mafunso kuchokera ku hedge funds - amafunikira deta yatsatanetsatane ya mvula kuti alosere zamtsogolo zaulimi."
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, pambuyo pokonza khalidwe, deta yochokera ku ma gauge a mvula odziyimira pawokha a anthu wamba yagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madipatimenti ena a nyengo m'madera ngati yowonjezera ku ma network ovomerezeka oyang'anira. "Ichi ndi chitukuko chofunikira kwambiri pa sayansi ya nzika," adatero katswiri wa deta ya nyengo. "Ma gauge a mvula opangidwa ndi zidebe zamadzi akusokoneza kusiyana pakati pa akatswiri ndi osaphunzira."
Zaka Khumi Zikubwerazi za Ukadaulo Wowunikira Mvula
Q: Kodi magawo osiyanasiyana a magauji a mvula amapatsidwa ntchito zotani?
Mainjiniya wamkulu wa bungwe la Meteorological Administration ku China: "Mageji amvula aukadaulo ndi a maukonde owunikira dziko lonse, omwe amafunikira zolakwika zosakwana 3%; mageji amvula a digito amakwaniritsa zosowa zambiri zamakampani; mageji amvula odziyimira pawokha kunyumba amalimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali kwa anthu. Zitatuzi zimathandizirana."
Q: Kodi luso lamakono likuyang'ana pati?
Pulofesa wa zamadzimadzi ku Tsinghua University: "Mageji amvula a m'badwo wotsatira ogwiritsira ntchito zidebe adzaphatikiza ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana: kutentha koletsa kuzizira, kubweza zolakwika za AI, ndi makompyuta. Gauge yanzeru yamvula yomwe tikupanga imatha kuzindikira ndikugawa mvula, chipale chofewa, ndi matalala okha."
Q: Kodi anthu wamba ayenera kusankha bwanji?
Wolemba nkhani wa sayansi ya nyengo: “Sankhani zoyezera mvula zokha m'minda ya m'nyumba; zoyezera mvula za digito zomwe zimatumiza deta ku ulimi; zoyezera mvula za akatswiri kuti apewe masoka m'dera. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuwerengera nthawi zonse—ngakhale choyezera mvula cha chidebe chabwino kwambiri chimafuna kukonzedwa.”
Maukonde Oyang'anira Mvula Mwanzeru
Zipangizo zoyezera mvula za m'badwo wotsatira zikupangidwa m'ma laboratories:
- Zatsopano pa zinthu: Zophimba madzi ndi ma nanophobic kuti zichepetse kutayika kwa madzi
- Kupambana kwa mawonekedwe: Mapangidwe a zidebe zopindika zomwe zimagwirizana ndi malo omangira nyumba
- Luntha la pa intaneti: Mageji a mvula ya digito omwe amapanga ma network odzikonzera okha, pomwe kulephera kwa mfundo imodzi sikukhudza deta yonse
"Tikumanga 'IoT ya mvula'," CTO wa kampani yaukadaulo adawonetsa. "Chiwerengero chilichonse cha akatswiri a mvula ndi njira yanzeru yodziwira, osati kungosonkhanitsa deta yokha komanso kusanthula momwe mvula imachitikira ndi kulosera zoopsa za kusefukira kwa madzi."
Mapeto:
Kuyambira pa gauge yoyamba ya mvula yogulitsira mu 1888 mpaka ma gauge amvula odziyimira okha opitilira 2 miliyoni omwe akugwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano; kuyambira pa ntchito yopanda phokoso m'malo ochitira nyengo akatswiri mpaka pamavuto opanga zinthu a achinyamata a TikTok—mfundo yosavuta iyi yamakina ikubwezeretsedwanso kudzera muukadaulo wa digito wa gauge yamvula.
Wolemba nkhani za nyengo anati mu kanema yemwe anthu ambiri adakonda: "Mageji amvula aukadaulo amateteza chitetezo cha m'mizinda, mageji amvula odziyimira pawokha m'nyumba amalumikiza anthu ndi chilengedwe. Munthawi ino ya kusintha kwa nyengo, mwina chomwe tikufuna si ukadaulo wolondola chabe, komanso mzimu uwu wotenga dontho lililonse lamvula mozama."
Pamene kuwunika mvula kukupitirira kuchoka pa ntchito zaukadaulo kupita ku ntchito za anthu onse, komanso pamene deta yoyezera mvula ikuyamba kusintha chilichonse kuyambira kuthirira ulimi mpaka kuchita malonda azachuma, tikuwona kuyamba kwa nthawi yokonzedwa bwino komanso ya demokalase pakuwunika nyengo.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-25-2025