Sensa yochizira imathandiza alimi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza moyenera

Ukadaulo wanzeru wogwiritsa ntchito masensa womwe ungathandize alimi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza moyenera komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Ukadaulowu, womwe wafotokozedwa mu magazini ya Natural Foods, ungathandize opanga kudziwa nthawi yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza pa mbewu ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza wofunikira, poganizira zinthu monga nyengo ndi momwe nthaka ilili. Izi zichepetsa feteleza wochuluka komanso wowononga chilengedwe m'nthaka, womwe umatulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwa nthaka ndi kuipitsa nthaka ndi misewu yamadzi.
Masiku ano, feteleza wochuluka wapangitsa kuti 12% ya nthaka yomwe kale inali yolimidwa padziko lonse isagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni kwawonjezeka ndi 600% m'zaka 50 zapitazi.
Komabe, n'kovuta kwa alimi a mbewu kulamulira bwino momwe amagwiritsira ntchito feteleza: zochuluka kwambiri ndipo zimakhala pachiwopsezo chowononga chilengedwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa kwambiri ndipo zimakhala pachiwopsezo chotsika kwa zokolola;
Ofufuza pa ukadaulo watsopano wa masensa akuti ukhoza kupindulitsa chilengedwe ndi opanga.
Sensa, yotchedwa sensa yamagetsi yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito papepala (chemPEGS), imayesa kuchuluka kwa ammonium m'nthaka, chinthu chomwe chimasinthidwa kukhala nitrite ndi nitrate ndi mabakiteriya am'nthaka. Imagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa luntha lochita kupanga lotchedwa kuphunzira kwa makina, kuphatikiza ndi deta ya nyengo, nthawi kuyambira pomwe feteleza idagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyeza pH ya nthaka ndi conductivity. Imagwiritsa ntchito deta iyi kulosera kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka tsopano komanso kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'masiku 12 mtsogolo kuti ilosere nthawi yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza.
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa momwe njira yatsopano yotsika mtengo iyi ingathandizire opanga kupindula kwambiri ndi feteleza wochepa, makamaka pa mbewu zomwe zimadya feteleza wambiri monga tirigu. Ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kuchepetsa nthawi imodzi ndalama zomwe opanga amapanga komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kuchokera ku feteleza wa nayitrogeni, mtundu wa feteleza womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Wofufuza wamkulu Dr. Max Greer, wochokera ku Dipatimenti ya Bioengineering ku Imperial College London anati: “Vuto la feteleza wochuluka, kuchokera ku chilengedwe ndi zachuma, silinganenedwe mopitirira muyeso. Kupanga ndi ndalama zokhudzana nazo zikuchepa chaka ndi chaka. chaka chino, ndipo opanga alibe zida zofunikira pankhaniyi pakadali pano.
"Ukadaulo wathu ungathandize kuthetsa vutoli pothandiza alimi kumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa ammonia ndi nitrate komwe kulipo m'nthaka komanso kulosera kuchuluka kwa mtsogolo kutengera nyengo. Izi zimawathandiza kusintha momwe amagwiritsira ntchito feteleza kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa za nthaka ndi mbewu zawo."
Feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni umatulutsa nitrous oxide mumlengalenga, mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuwirikiza ka 300 kuposa carbon dioxide ndipo umathandizira ku vuto la nyengo. Feteleza wochuluka ukhozanso kutsukidwa ndi madzi amvula kupita m'mitsinje yamadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zamoyo zam'madzi zisapeze mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti algae iphuke komanso kuchepetsa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.
Komabe, kusintha molondola kuchuluka kwa feteleza kuti kugwirizane ndi zosowa za nthaka ndi mbewu kudakali vuto. Kuyesa sikuli kofala, ndipo njira zamakono zoyezera nayitrogeni m'nthaka zimaphatikizapo kutumiza zitsanzo za nthaka ku labotale—njira yayitali komanso yokwera mtengo yomwe zotsatira zake sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira akafika kwa alimi.
Dr Firat Guder, wolemba wamkulu komanso wofufuza wamkulu mu Dipatimenti ya Bioengineering ya Imperial, anati: "Chakudya chathu chambiri chimachokera ku nthaka - ndi chuma chosasinthika ndipo ngati sitichiteteza tidzachitaya. Apanso, kuphatikiza ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nayitrogeni kuchokera ku ulimi kumabweretsa chisokonezo padziko lapansi chomwe tikuyembekeza kuti chithandiza kuthetsa kudzera mu ulimi wolondola, womwe tikuyembekeza kuti uthandiza kuchepetsa feteleza wochulukirapo pamene ukuwonjezera zokolola ndi phindu la alimi."