"Chidebe Chaling'ono" Chimasuntha "Chidziwitso Chachikulu": Momwe Chidebe Chothirira Mvula Imatetezera Njira Zamoyo Zam'tauni

Mawu Oyamba
M'nthawi ya mvula yamkuntho yomwe ikuchulukirachulukira, chida chowoneka ngati chosavuta - choyezera mvula ya ndowa - chikhala njira yoyamba yodzitetezera popewa kusefukira kwamadzi. Kodi chimakwaniritsa bwanji kuwunika kolondola ndi mfundo zake zoyambira? Ndipo imagula bwanji nthawi yamtengo wapatali popanga zisankho zoletsa kusefukira kwa madzi mutawuni? Lipotili limakufikitsani kuseri.

Thupi Lalikulu
Kumalo owonera nyengo, madamu osungira madzi, ngakhalenso kumadera akutali amapiri, zida zoyera zowoneka bwino zimagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku. Izi ndi zoyezera mvula za zidebe, "alonda" osayambidwa a machitidwe amakono owunikira ma hydrological.

Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri: Kuphweka Kumakumana ndi Zolondola
Chidebe chowongolera mvula chimagwira ntchito pamakina oyezera. Chigawo chake chachikulu chimakhala ndi "zidebe" ziwiri zofananira, zofanana ndi sikelo yofewa. Madzi amvula akamadutsa mumphaniyo ndikudzaza ndowa imodzi, amafika pamlingo wodziwikiratu (nthawi zambiri 0.1 mm kapena 0.5 mm ya mvula). Panthawiyi, mphamvu yokoka imapangitsa kuti chidebecho chigwedezeke nthawi yomweyo, kukhuthula zomwe zili mkati mwake pamene chidebe china chimayenda m'malo mwake kuti chipitirize kutolera. Nsonga iliyonse imayambitsa chizindikiro chamagetsi cholembedwa ngati "pulse," ndipo kuchuluka kwa mvula ndi mphamvu zake zimawerengedwa molondola powerengera ma pulse.

Zochitika Zofunika Kwambiri:

1. Chenjezo la Kugwa kwa Madzi a M'mizinda
   Zomwe zimayikidwa m'madera otsika, pansi, ndi zolowera kumalo apansi panthaka, ma gejiwa amawunika kuchuluka kwa mvula munthawi yeniyeni, ndikupereka chidziwitso ku dipatimenti yoyang'anira zadzidzidzi kuti ayambitse ma protocol a drainage. Munthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi mu 2022 ku Shenzhen, makina opitilira 2,000 oyezera mvula adapereka machenjezo a malo 12 otsekera madzi.
2. Kuneneratu kwa Masoka a Mountain Torrent ndi Geological Disaster
   Zida zimenezi zitaikidwa m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wamapiri komanso malo owopsa a zachilengedwe, zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mvula komanso kugwa kwamvula kwakanthawi kuti zilosere ngozi ya kusefukira kwa madzi. Ku Nanping, m’chigawo cha Fujian, gulu lotereli linapereka chenjezo la kusefukira kwa madzi kwa ola limodzi kuti anthu opitirira 2,000 asamuke.
3. Smart Agriculture Irrigation
   Kuphatikizidwa ndi machitidwe a ulimi wothirira m'minda, ma gauges amasintha ndondomeko ya kuthirira kutengera deta yeniyeni ya mvula. Mafamu akulu m'chigawo cha Jiangsu adanenanso kuti kusintha kwamadzi kupitilira 30% atagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu.
4. Kuwongolera kwa Hydrological Model Calibration
   Monga gwero lofunikira kwambiri komanso lodalirika la data ya mvula, zoyezera izi zimatsimikizira zolosera za kusefukira kwa mitsinje. Bungwe la Yellow River Conservancy Commission latumiza zida zoyezera mvula zopitilira 5,000 kudera lonselo komanso m'magawo ake.

Chisinthiko cha Ukadaulo: Kuchokera ku Mechanical kupita ku Smart
M'badwo waposachedwa wa ma geji amvula amaphatikizira ukadaulo wa IoT. Zokhala ndi GPS positioning ndi 4G/5G transmission modules, deta imakwezedwa mu nthawi yeniyeni kumapulatifomu amtambo. Machitidwe a mphamvu ya dzuwa amathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali ngakhale kumadera akutali. Mu 2023, dongosolo la "Sky Eye Rain Monitoring" la "Sky Eye Rain Monitoring" la Chigawo cha Henan linaphatikiza malo opitilira 8,000 a mvula anzeru, kumapereka zosintha zamvula m'chigawo chonse mphindi iliyonse.

Katswiri Wowonera
"Osapeputsa makinawa," atero a Zhang Mingyuan, injiniya wamkulu ku National Meteorological Center. “Poyerekeza ndi makina opimira mvula, zoyezera mvula za m’zidebe sizimakhudzidwa kwenikweni ndi chifunga kapena mame, zomwe zimachititsa kuti mvula ifike pafupi ndi mvula yeniyeniyo.

Mapeto
Kuchokera kumapiri aatali mpaka kumakona a misewu ya m’tauni, “alonda” abata ameneŵa amateteza miyoyo ndi katundu m’njira yowongoka kwambiri. Poyang'anizana ndi kusatsimikizika kwa kusintha kwa nyengo, makina opangira madzi a chidebe, omwe adapangidwa zaka zoposa theka lakale, akupitirizabe kuyenda bwino ndi mphamvu zatsopano.

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