"Chidebe Chaching'ono Chopereka Manotsi" Chimasuntha "Big Data": Momwe Chiŵerengero cha Mvula Chopezera Manotsi Chimatetezera Moyo Wam'mizinda

Chiyambi
Mu nthawi ya mvula yamkuntho yomwe ikuchulukirachulukira, chipangizo chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito—choyezera mvula ya chidebe—chikukhala njira yoyamba yodzitetezera mwanzeru pakupewa kusefukira kwa madzi. Kodi chimapeza bwanji kuwunika kolondola pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yake yoyambira? Ndipo chimapeza bwanji nthawi yamtengo wapatali popanga zisankho zothana ndi kusefukira kwa madzi m'mizinda? Lipotili limakutengerani kumbuyo.

Thupi Lalikulu
M'malo owonera nyengo, m'madamu osungiramo madzi, komanso m'madera akutali a m'mapiri, zipangizo zoyera zoyera zimagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku. Izi ndi zida zoyezera mvula zomwe zimaoneka ngati zidebe, zomwe sizikudziwika bwino m'makina amakono owunikira madzi.

Mfundo Yaikulu: Kusavuta Kumakwaniritsa Zolondola
Chitsulo choyezera mvula cha chidebe chopindika chimagwira ntchito motsatira mfundo yoyezera yamakina. Chigawo chake chachikulu chimakhala ndi "zidebe" ziwiri zofanana, zofanana ndi sikelo yofewa. Madzi amvula akamasonkhana kudzera mu funnel ndikudzaza chidebe chimodzi, amafika pamlingo wokhazikika (nthawi zambiri 0.1 mm kapena 0.5 mm ya mvula). Pa nthawiyi, mphamvu yokoka imapangitsa chidebecho kugwa nthawi yomweyo, ndikutulutsa zomwe zili mkati mwake pomwe chidebe chinacho chikupita kumalo kuti chipitirize kusonkhanitsa. Nsonga iliyonse imayambitsa chizindikiro chamagetsi cholembedwa ngati "kugunda," ndipo kuchuluka kwa mvula ndi mphamvu yake zimawerengedwa molondola powerenga ma pulse awa.

Zochitika Zofunikira pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito:

1. Chenjezo la Kuchuluka kwa Madzi M'mizinda
   Ma geji awa, omwe ali m'malo otsika, pansi pa nthaka, ndi polowera m'malo apansi pa nthaka, amawunika kuchuluka kwa mvula nthawi yeniyeni, kupereka deta ku madipatimenti oyang'anira zadzidzidzi kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotulutsira madzi. Mu nyengo ya kusefukira kwa madzi ya 2022 ku Shenzhen, netiweki ya ma geji a mvula oposa 2,000 oponya zidebe adapereka bwino machenjezo okhudza malo 12 odzaza madzi.
2. Kuneneratu za Mafunde a M'mapiri ndi Masoka a M'dziko
   Zipangizozi, zomwe zayikidwa m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya m'mapiri ndi malo omwe angawopsezedwe ndi malo omwe angawononge zachilengedwe, zimayang'anira mvula yambiri komanso mvula yambiri yanthawi yochepa kuti zidziwike zoopsa za kusefukira kwa madzi. Ku Nanping, m'chigawo cha Fujian, gulu lotereli linapereka chenjezo la kusefukira kwa madzi kwa ola limodzi pasadakhale, kuonetsetsa kuti anthu akumidzi oposa 2,000 akutuluka mosatekeseka.
3. Kuthirira Mwanzeru kwa Ulimi
   Zoyezerazi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira zothirira m'minda, ndipo zimasinthasintha nthawi yothirira kutengera deta yeniyeni ya mvula. Mafamu akuluakulu m'chigawo cha Jiangsu adanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi kwawonjezeka ndi 30% atagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu.
4. Kulinganiza kwa Model ya Madzi
   Popeza ndi gwero lofunikira komanso lodalirika la deta ya mvula, ma gauge awa amapereka chitsimikizo cha zitsanzo zolosera kusefukira kwa madzi m'mitsinje. Bungwe la Yellow River Conservancy Commission layika ma gauge a mvula opitilira 5,000 m'malo ake akuluakulu ndi m'mitsinje.

Kusintha kwa Ukadaulo: Kuchokera ku Makina kupita ku Anzeru
Mbadwo waposachedwa wa zida zoyezera mvula za tipping bucket umagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa IoT. Zokhala ndi malo oikira GPS ndi ma module otumizira a 4G/5G, deta imakwezedwa nthawi yeniyeni ku nsanja zamtambo. Makina amphamvu a dzuwa amathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ngakhale m'madera akutali. Mu 2023, makina a "Sky Eye Rain Monitoring" a Henan Province adaphatikiza malo opitilira 8,000 anzeru amvula, kupereka zosintha zamvula m'chigawo chonse mphindi iliyonse.

Malingaliro a Akatswiri
“Musanyoze chipangizo ichi cha makina,” anatero Zhang Mingyuan, mainjiniya wamkulu ku National Meteorological Center. “Poyerekeza ndi ma gauge a mvula optical, ma gauge a mvula okhala ndi zidebe zozungulira sakhudzidwa ndi chifunga kapena mame, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti miyeso ikhale yofanana ndi mvula yeniyeni. Kudalirika kwawo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama sikungasinthidwe poyang'anira mvula yamkuntho mwadzidzidzi.”

Mapeto
Kuyambira mapiri ataliatali mpaka m'makona a misewu ya m'matauni, "alonda" odekha awa amateteza miyoyo ndi katundu m'njira yosavuta kwambiri. Poyang'anizana ndi kusatsimikizika kwa kusintha kwa nyengo, choyezera mvula cha tipping bucket, chomwe chapangidwa zaka zoposa makumi asanu, chikupitilizabe kukula ndi mphamvu zatsopano.

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