"Maso, Makutu, ndi Mawu" a Machenjezo Oyambirira a Chigumula: Maudindo Ofunika Kwambiri ndi Kukhudzidwa Kwambiri kwa Hydrological Radar, Rain Gauges, ndi Sensor Displacement.

M'machitidwe amakono opewera ndi kuchepetsa masoka, njira zochenjeza za kusefukira kwa madzi zimakhala ngati njira yoyamba yodzitetezera ku masoka a kusefukira. Dongosolo lochenjeza logwira ntchito bwino komanso lolondola limakhala ngati mlonda wosatopa, kudalira luso lapamwamba la masensa kuti “awone mozungulira ndi kumva mbali zonse.” Mwa izi, ma hydrological radar flowmeters, ma geji amvula, ndi masensa osamutsidwa amakhala ndi maudindo ofunikira. Amasonkhanitsa deta yofunikira kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, pamodzi kupanga maziko a chidziwitso cha dongosolo la machenjezo, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zozama komanso zofunikira.

I. Udindo wa Zomverera Zapakati Zitatu

1. Rain Gauge: The "Vanguard" ndi "Cause Monitor"
* Udindo: Choyezera mvula ndiye chida chachindunji komanso chachikhalidwe chowunikira mvula. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuyesa ndendende kuchuluka kwa mvula (mu mamilimita) pamalo enaake pa nthawi inayake. Ikayikidwa m'malo otseguka, imasonkhanitsa madzi amvula mu cholandira ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwake kapena kulemera kwake, ndikusandulika kukhala deta yakuya kwamvula.
* Udindo mu Dongosolo: Ndi poyambira chenjezo la kusefukira kwa madzi. Mvula ndiyomwe imayambitsa kusefukira kwamadzi. Zowona zenizeni, mvula yosalekeza ndiyo gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamitundu ya hydrological kuti ifufuze kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kulosera za kusefukira kwa madzi. Kupyolera mu maukonde a malo oyezera mvula, dongosololi limatha kumvetsetsa kufalikira kwa malo ndi kuchuluka kwa mvula, zomwe zimapereka maziko owoneratu madzi osefukira.

2. Hydrological Radar Flowmeter: "Core Analyst"
* Udindo: Ichi ndi chipangizo chosalumikizana, chotsogola cha 流速 (kuthamanga) ndi 流量 (kutulutsa) chowunikira. Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pa milatho kapena mabanki pamwamba pa madzi, imatulutsa mafunde a radar kumadzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya Doppler effect, imayesa molondola kuthamanga kwa pamwamba pa mtsinjewo ndipo, kuphatikizapo deta ya mlingo wa madzi (nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku geji yosakanikirana ya madzi), imawerengera kutulutsa nthawi yomweyo (mu kiyubiki mamita pamphindi) pamtanda mu nthawi yeniyeni.
* Udindo mu Dongosolo: Ndilo maziko a chenjezo loyambirira la kusefukira kwa madzi. Kutulutsa ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha kuchuluka kwa kusefukira kwamadzi, kuwonetsa mwachindunji kukula ndi kuwonongeka komwe kungachitike pachimake. Poyerekeza ndi ma mita achikhalidwe a 流速, ma radar flowmeters sakhudzidwa ndi kusefukira kwa madzi kapena zinyalala. Amagwirabe ntchito panthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi, kupereka deta yamtengo wapatali "panthawi" ndikupangitsa kuyang'anira mwachindunji, nthawi yeniyeni, komanso yolondola ya mitsinje.

3. Sensor Displacement: The "Facility Guardian" ndi "Secondary Disaster Whistleblower"
* Udindo: Gululi limaphatikizapo masensa osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, GNSS, inclinometers, crack metres) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira kupotokoka kwa mphindi, kukhazikika, kapena kusamutsidwa kwa zida zamadzi monga madamu osungira madzi, ma levees, ndi malo otsetsereka. Amayikidwa pazigawo zofunika kwambiri kuti athe kuyeza kusintha kwa malo.
* Udindo mu Dongosolo: Ndiwoyang'anira chitetezo cha uinjiniya ndi chenjezo latsoka lachiwiri. Kuopsa kwa kusefukira kwa madzi sikungobwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi okha komanso kulephera kwadongosolo. Masensa osuntha amatha kuzindikira msanga za kutayikira kwa madamu kapena kupindika, kuwopsa kwa kutsetsereka pamipanda, kapena kusakhazikika kwa tsetse. Ngati deta yoyang'aniridwa ikupitirira malire a chitetezo, dongosololi limayambitsa alamu paziwopsezo zazikulu monga mapaipi, kulephera kwa madamu, kapena kugumuka kwa nthaka, motero kupewa kusefukira kwamadzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwadongosolo.

II. Mgwirizano wa ntchito

Zigawo zitatuzi zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana, kupanga chenjezo lathunthu:

1. The Rain Gauge ndiyo yoyamba kufotokoza za “mvula yomwe ikugwa kuchokera kumwamba.”
2. Mitundu ya hydrological imaneneratu za kuchuluka kwa madzi osefukira komanso kusefukira kwamadzi kutengera kuchuluka kwa mvulayi.
3. Hydrological Radar Flowmeter yomwe ili m'zigawo zazikulu za mitsinje imatsimikizira zoloserazi munthawi yeniyeni, ikunena za "kuchuluka kwa madzi mumtsinje," ndipo imapereka machenjezo olondola okhudza nthawi yofika pachimake komanso kukula kwake kutengera momwe madzi akuchulukira.
4. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Displacement Sensor imayang'anitsitsa mozama ngati "chotengera chosungira madzi" chili chotetezeka, kuonetsetsa kuti madzi osefukira amatulutsidwa mosamalitsa ndikupewa masoka aakulu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mapangidwe.

III. Zotsatira Zazikulu

1. Chenjezo Lokwezeka Kwambiri Ndi Lolondola Ndi Nthawi Yake:
* Zotulutsa zenizeni zenizeni kuchokera ku hydrological radar zimachepetsa kwambiri kusatsimikizika kwazomwe zimaneneratu kuti mvula idzagwa. Izi zimasintha machenjezo kuchokera ku "kulosera" kupita "kunena zenizeni zenizeni," kugula maola amtengo wapatali kapena maola makumi ambiri a nthawi yabwino kuti asamukire kumtunda ndi kuyankha mwadzidzidzi.

2. Kutha Kwabwino Poyankha Zochitika Zachigumula:
* Kuyeza kopanda kulumikizana kumapangitsa kuti ma radar flowmeters azigwira ntchito bwino pakasefukira kwakanthawi, ndikudzaza mipata yovuta kwambiri panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya tsokalo. Izi zimapereka umboni wowoneka wa zisankho zamalamulo, kuteteza "kumenyana mumdima" panthawi yovuta kwambiri.

3. Kukula kuchokera ku Chenjezo la Chigumula kupita ku Chenjezo la Chitetezo Chamapangidwe Pakupewa Kwambiri Tsoka:
* Kuphatikizika kwa masensa omwe amasamuka kumapangitsa kuti machenjezowo achoke pa kuwonetseratu kwa hydrological kupita ku chenjezo lachitetezo cha "hydrological-structural". Ikhoza kuchenjeza osati "masoka achilengedwe" komanso kuteteza bwino "masoka opangidwa ndi anthu" (zolephereka zapangidwe), kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri kuya ndi kukula kwa dongosolo loletsa masoka.

4. Kukwezeleza kwa Smart Water Management ndi Digitalization:
* Zambiri zenizeni zenizeni zomwe zimapangidwa ndi masensa awa zimapanga maziko omanga "Digital Twin Watershed." Kusanthula kudzera mu data yayikulu ndi luntha lochita kupanga kumathandizira kukhathamiritsa mosalekeza kwa mitundu ya hydrological, kupangitsa kuyerekezera kwanzeru kwa kusefukira kwamadzi, kulosera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito posungira madzi, zomwe zimatsogolera pakuwongolera bwino komanso mwanzeru zopezeka ndi madzi.

5. Kubadwa kwa Mapindu Ofunika Pazachuma ndi Pagulu:
* Machenjezo olondola amachepetsa kuvulazidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa katundu. Zowonongeka zomwe zimapewedwa pochitapo kanthu monga kutseka zipata pasadakhale, kusuntha katundu, ndi kusamutsa anthu kumaposa ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa pomanga njira zowunikira izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu pazachuma. Kuphatikiza apo, imathandizira chitetezo cha anthu komanso chidaliro munjira yopewera masoka.

Seti yathunthu yamaseva ndi pulogalamu yopanda zingwe yothandizira, imathandizira RS485 GPRS / 4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

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