Kumpoto kwa Macedonia, ulimi, monga makampani ofunikira, ukukumana ndi vuto lokweza bwino kupanga ndi ubwino wa zinthu zaulimi. Posachedwapa, ukadaulo watsopano, wodziwa nthaka, ukuyambitsa kusintha kwa ulimi m'dziko lino mwakachetechete, zomwe zikubweretsa chiyembekezo chatsopano kwa alimi am'deralo.
Kubzala mbewu moyenera kumathandiza kuti nthaka ikule bwino
Malo ndi momwe nthaka ilili ku North Macedonia ndi zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana, ndipo chonde ndi chinyezi m'madera osiyanasiyana zimasiyana kwambiri. Kale, alimi ankadalira luso lawo pochita ntchito zaulimi, ndipo zinali zovuta kukwaniritsa zosowa za mbewu molondola. Zimenezi zinasintha kwambiri pamene mlimi anayambitsa masensa a nthaka. Masensawa amatha kuyang'anira zizindikiro zazikulu monga pH ya nthaka, nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, chinyezi ndi kutentha nthawi yeniyeni. Ndi deta yomwe masensawa amapereka, alimi amatha kudziwa bwino mitundu ya mbewu yoyenera kubzala m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndikupanga mapulogalamu odyetsera feteleza ndi kuthirira. Mwachitsanzo, m'dera lomwe nthaka ili ndi nayitrogeni yochepa, deta ya masensa imalimbikitsa mlimi kuwonjezera nayitrogeni ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kutengera chinyezi cha nthaka. Zotsatira zake, zokolola za mbewu m'munda zawonjezeka ndi 25% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yapitayi, ndipo zokololazo ndi zabwino komanso zopikisana pamsika.
Kuchepetsa ndalama ndikukweza phindu la zachuma pazaulimi
Kwa alimi ku North Macedonia, kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira ndi chinsinsi chokweza phindu. Kugwiritsa ntchito masensa a nthaka kumathandiza alimi kuzindikira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu ndikupewa kuwononga. M'minda ya mphesa, eni ake nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi kuthirira m'mbuyomu, zomwe sizinangowonjezera ndalama zokha, komanso zitha kuwononga nthaka ndi chilengedwe. Mwa kukhazikitsa masensa a nthaka, alimi amatha kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa feteleza ndi madzi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kutengera zomwe amapereka zokhudza michere ya nthaka ndi chinyezi. Pakatha chaka chimodzi, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kunachepetsedwa ndi 20%, madzi othirira anapulumutsidwa ndi 30%, ndipo zokolola ndi mtundu wa mphesa sizinakhudzidwe konse. Eni ake akusangalala kuti masensa a nthaka samangochepetsa ndalama zopangira, komanso amapangitsa kuti kasamalidwe ka minda ya mpesa kakhale kogwira mtima komanso kothandiza.
Kuthetsa kusintha kwa nyengo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ulimi ukuyenda bwino
Pamene zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo zikuchulukirachulukira, ulimi ku North Macedonia ukukumana ndi kusatsimikizika kwakukulu. Zosefera nthaka zingathandize alimi kuthana bwino ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ulimi ukukula bwino. M'madera omwe amalima tirigu, nyengo yoipa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa yapangitsa kuti chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa nthaka zisinthe kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa tirigu. Alimi amagwiritsa ntchito zosefera nthaka kuti aziyang'anira momwe nthaka ilili nthawi yeniyeni, ndipo chosefera chikazindikira kuti kutentha kwa nthaka kuli kokwera kwambiri kapena chinyezi chili chochepa kwambiri, alimi amatha kuchitapo kanthu molingana ndi nthawi yake, monga mthunzi ndi kuzizira kapena kuthirira kowonjezera. Mwanjira imeneyi, poyang'anizana ndi nyengo yoipa, kupanga tirigu m'derali kumasungabe zokolola zokhazikika, kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo pa ulimi.
Akatswiri a zaulimi adanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito masensa a nthaka ku North Macedonia kumathandiza kwambiri pakusintha ulimi wakomweko kuchoka ku mitundu yachikhalidwe kupita ku ulimi wamakono wolondola, wogwira ntchito bwino komanso wokhazikika. Ndi kukwezedwa kwina ndi kufalikira kwa ukadaulo uwu, akuyembekezeka kukweza makampani azaulimi ku North Macedonia kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito yawo, kubweretsa phindu lalikulu pazachuma kwa alimi, ndikulimbikitsa kuteteza chilengedwe chaulimi. Akukhulupirira kuti posachedwa, masensa a nthaka adzakhala muyezo pakupanga ulimi ku North Macedonia, kuthandiza ulimi wakomweko kulemba mutu watsopano wabwino kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-11-2025