Zipangizo zoyezera nthaka zimathandiza alimi kuwona momwe ulimi umakulira monga kupezeka kwa madzi ndi michere, pH ya nthaka, kutentha ndi malo omwe nthaka ikukula

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zamtengo wapatali pamsika wapadziko lonse ndipo imalimidwa makamaka pothirira. Kupanga tomato nthawi zambiri kumalepheretsedwa ndi nyengo yoipa monga nyengo, nthaka ndi madzi. Ukadaulo wa masensa wapangidwa ndikuyikidwa padziko lonse lapansi kuti uthandize alimi kuwona momwe ulimi umakulira monga kupezeka kwa madzi ndi michere, pH ya nthaka, kutentha ndi topology.
Zinthu zokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa zipatso za phwetekere. Kufunika kwa phwetekere kuli kwakukulu m'misika yogulira zipatso zatsopano komanso m'misika yopanga zinthu zamafakitale. Phwetekere zochepa zimawonedwa m'magawo ambiri a ulimi, monga ku Indonesia, komwe kumatsatira kwambiri njira zachikhalidwe zaulimi. Kuyambitsidwa kwa ukadaulo monga kugwiritsa ntchito Internet of Things (IoT) ndi masensa kwawonjezera kwambiri zokolola za mbewu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo phwetekere.
Kusagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono komanso zoyezera zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kusadziwa zambiri kumabweretsanso kuti pasakhale zokolola zambiri mu ulimi. Kusamalira bwino madzi kumathandiza kwambiri popewa kulephera kwa mbewu, makamaka m'minda ya phwetekere.
Chinyezi cha nthaka ndi chinthu china chomwe chimatsimikizira kukolola kwa phwetekere chifukwa ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa kusamutsa michere ndi zinthu zina kuchokera m'nthaka kupita ku chomera. Kusunga kutentha kwa chomera ndikofunikira chifukwa kumakhudza kukhwima kwa masamba ndi zipatso.
Chinyezi chabwino kwambiri cha nthaka cha zomera za phwetekere ndi pakati pa 60% ndi 80%. Kutentha koyenera kwambiri kuti phwetekere ikule bwino ndi pakati pa madigiri 24 mpaka 28 Celsius. Kupitirira kutentha kumeneku, kukula kwa zomera ndi maluwa ndi zipatso sizili bwino kwenikweni. Ngati nyengo ndi kutentha kwa nthaka kumasintha kwambiri, kukula kwa zomera kudzakhala pang'onopang'ono komanso kupitirira malire ndipo phwetekere idzapsa mosiyana.
Masensa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima phwetekere. Maukadaulo angapo apangidwa kuti azitha kuyang'anira bwino madzi, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonera madzi pafupi ndi kutali. Kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa madzi m'zomera, masensa amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amayesa momwe zomera zilili komanso malo omwe zili. Mwachitsanzo, masensa ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya terahertz pamodzi ndi kuyeza chinyezi amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu pa tsamba.
Masensa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kuchuluka kwa madzi m'zomera amachokera ku zida ndi ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo magetsi oyeretsera mpweya, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, ukadaulo wa ultrasonic, ndi ukadaulo wa leaf clamp. Masensa a chinyezi cha nthaka ndi masensa oyeretsera mpweya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kapangidwe ka nthaka, mchere ndi mphamvu yake.
Zoyezera kutentha ndi chinyezi m'nthaka, komanso njira yothirira yokha. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, tomato amafunika njira yoyenera yothirira. Kusowa kwa madzi komwe kukukulirakulira kukuopseza ulimi ndi chitetezo cha chakudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito zoyezera bwino kungathandize kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino komanso kuti zokolola ziwonjezeke.
Zosewerera chinyezi cha nthaka zimayesa chinyezi cha nthaka. Zosewerera chinyezi cha nthaka zomwe zapangidwa posachedwapa zimakhala ndi mbale ziwiri zoyendetsera mpweya. Pamene mbalezi ziikidwa pa chowongolera mpweya (monga madzi), ma elekitironi ochokera ku anode amasamukira ku cathode. Kusuntha kwa ma elekitironi kumeneku kudzapanga magetsi amphamvu, omwe amatha kuzindikirika pogwiritsa ntchito voltmeter. Sensa iyi imazindikira kupezeka kwa madzi m'nthaka.
Nthawi zina, masensa a nthaka amaphatikizidwa ndi ma thermistors omwe amatha kuyeza kutentha ndi chinyezi. Deta yochokera ku masensa awa imakonzedwa ndikupanga kutulutsa kwa mzere umodzi, mbali zonse ziwiri komwe kumatumizidwa ku makina oyeretsera okha. Deta ya kutentha ndi chinyezi ikafika pamlingo winawake, switch ya pampu yamadzi imayatsa kapena kuzimitsa yokha.
Bioristor ndi sensa ya bioelectronic. Bioelectronics imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera njira za thupi la zomera ndi mawonekedwe awo. Posachedwapa, sensa ya in vivo yochokera ku organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), yomwe imadziwika kuti bioresistor, yapangidwa. Sensayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito polima phwetekere kuti iwone kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka madzi a chomera omwe akuyenda mu xylem ndi phloem ya zomera za phwetekere zomwe zikukula. Sensayi imagwira ntchito nthawi yeniyeni mkati mwa thupi popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a chomera.
Popeza choletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chimatha kuikidwa mwachindunji mu tsinde la zomera, chimalola kuti ziwone momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito mogwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka ma ion m'zomera zomwe zili ndi mavuto monga chilala, mchere, kupanikizika kosakwanira kwa nthunzi komanso chinyezi chambiri. Biostor imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozindikira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuwongolera tizilombo. Chojambulirachi chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyang'anira momwe madzi alili m'zomera.