Zipangizo zoyezera nthaka ndi njira imodzi yomwe yatsimikizira kuti ndi yabwino pamlingo wocheperako ndipo ingakhale yothandiza kwambiri pa ntchito zaulimi.
Kodi Zosewerera Dothi N'chiyani?
Masensa amatsata momwe nthaka ilili, zomwe zimathandiza kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta nthawi yeniyeni. Masensa amatha kutsatira pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chimachitika m'nthaka, monga DNA ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhalamo, kuti asinthe momwe nthaka ilili, kuti ikule bwino, komanso kuti ichepetse kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masensa mu ulimi imagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, monga zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi kuyeza kuwala kwa mafunde, kuti idziwe makhalidwe ofunikira amunda omwe angasinthe ntchito zaulimi.
Mitundu ya Zosensa za Dothi
Zoyezera nthaka zimatha kuyeza makhalidwe a nthaka monga chinyezi, kutentha, pH, mchere, chinyezi, kuwala kwa photosynthesis, ndi kuchuluka kwa michere m'nthaka.—makamaka nayitrogeni yofunika, phosphorous, ndi potaziyamu (NPK).
Kuwonjezera pa ubwino wawo wosamalira mbewu, monga ubwino wa tirigu komanso kuchepa kwa michere yochokera m'nthaka, masensa a nthaka amatha kudziwitsa za malonjezo okhudza madzi, kukhazikika kwa nthaka, komanso kusintha kwa nyengo.
Zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi monga nthawi yothirira, kuwunika momwe madzi alili, kufufuza za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso kupewa matenda a zomera.
Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Zosewerera Dothi
Kutsatira momwe nthaka ilili kumapereka zabwino zambiri kwa alimi ndi alimi a m'munda, kuphatikizapo kuchulukitsa zokolola ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu. IoT, ntchito zamtambo, ndi kuphatikiza kwa AI zimathandiza alimi kupanga zisankho zozikidwa pa data.
Zipangizo zoyezera feteleza zimathandiza kuti zomera zikhale ndi thanzi labwino, zimathandiza kuti zinthu zizikhala bwino, komanso zimathandiza kuti madzi azituluka komanso mpweya woipa womwe umawononga chilengedwe. Kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kumathandizanso kupewa mavuto monga kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kuuma kwa nthaka.
Kuyang'anira momwe nthaka ilili pogwiritsa ntchito zoyezera nthaka kungathandizenso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi madzi bwino.'Akuti pafupifupi 30% ya feteleza wa nitrate womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ku US umatsuka ndi kuipitsa madzi. Ngakhale njira zothirira bwino zimatha kuwononga madzi mpaka 50%, ndipo ulimi ndi womwe umayambitsa 70% ya madzi abwino padziko lonse lapansi. Kutha kubwezeretsanso chinyezi m'nthaka moyenera komanso moyenera kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu.
Kukhazikitsa ndi Kulinganiza Zosewerera Dothi
Sensa iliyonse imakhala ndi kalozera wake woyikira, koma kuyikira nthawi zambiri kumafuna kukumba dzenje kapena ngalande mkati mwa mzere wobzala ndikuyika masensawo pansi pa nthaka zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo pafupi ndi mizu ya chomera.
Pamalo akuluakulu, njira zabwino zimafuna kuti malo omwe akusonyeza malo ena onse a munda kapena nthaka yomwe iyenera kuyang'aniridwa, pafupi ndi malo otulutsira madzi, komanso omwe akhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi nthaka (monga, palibe matumba a mpweya). Malo oyezera ayeneranso kulembedwa chizindikiro kapena kulembedwa pamwamba kuti apewe kuwonongeka mwangozi.
Kuwonjezera pa kuyika bwino, kuwerengera masensa ndikofunikira. Masensa a nthaka amalembetsa deta ya chinyezi cha nthaka ngati Volumetric Water Content (VWC), ndipo mtundu uliwonse wa nthaka uli ndi VWC yake. Masensa a chinyezi cha nthaka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyana, ndipo angafunike kuwerengera payekhapayekha.
Kusaka zolakwika
Zipangizo zingawonongeke chifukwa cha mavuto amagetsi, kusokonezeka ndi zinyama zakuthengo, kapena mawaya osagwirizana. Mpweya uliwonse wolowa mu tensiometer udzapangitsa kuti ikhale yosadalirika. Kuonetsetsa kuti kuya koyenera koyika ndi njira zotetezera madzi kungathandize kupewa mavuto amtsogolo.
Njira zodziwika bwino zothetsera mavuto ndi izi:
Kuyang'ana magetsi ndi ma circuitry
Kuyeretsa masensa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Kuchita kukonza nthawi zonse kuti zinthu zisinthe zomwe zawonongeka malinga ndi zomwe wopanga wanena'kalozera wokonza
Kuyang'anira Ukhondo wa Nthaka
Zoyezera nthaka zimapereka njira yolondola komanso yosavuta yowunikira thanzi la nthaka. Kuyesa nthaka kwachizolowezi ndikofanana ndi biopsy, yomwe ingatenge milungu kapena miyezi, kutengera mawonekedwe a nthaka.
Kuyeza kwa masensa ndi kwachangu kwambiri, kumatenga ola limodzi kapena awiri pa maekala 50 aliwonse. Masensawa amawonetsa zonse zofunika kuti mbewu ziziyang'aniridwa bwino, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa madzi, mphamvu ya madzi, komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.—chizindikiro chabwino cha thanzi la nthaka yonse—popanda kufunikira kochotsa zitsanzo za nthaka.
Kuphatikizana ndi Machitidwe Oyendetsera Mafamu
Malinga ndi lipoti la StartUS Insights, masensa a nthaka ndi ukadaulo wothandiza kwambiri wowunikira nthaka chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kugwira ntchito bwino, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Kuphatikiza masensa a nthaka ndi ukadaulo wina wokulirakulira wa ulimi, kuphatikizapo mapu a nthaka oyendetsedwa ndi AI, kujambula m'mlengalenga, maloboti owunikira nthaka okha, zotsata mpweya woipa, kusanthula nthaka yeniyeni, nanotechnology, ndi kuphatikiza blockchain, kungathandize kwambiri kasamalidwe ka famu.
Mavuto ndi Mayankho mu Ukadaulo Woona Nthaka
Kutengera ndi lipoti la University of Nebraska la 2020, 12% yokha ya minda yaku US imagwiritsa ntchito masensa odziwa chinyezi cha nthaka kuti idziwe nthawi yothirira. Masensa odziwa nthaka akhala othandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu pakufikira anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta, komanso kukonza deta ndikuwonetsa, koma pakufunika kupita patsogolo kwambiri.
Masensa a nthaka ayenera kukhala otchipa komanso ogwirizana kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Pali mitundu yambiri ya masensa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale muyezo komanso kuti agwirizane.
Ukadaulo wambiri womwe ulipo umadalira masensa omwe ali ndi makina awoawo, zomwe zingapangitse kuti kusintha kukhale kovuta. Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa masensa, monga momwe kunapangidwira ndi UC Berkeley, kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito deta kuti zipereke kuwunika deta yeniyeni ndikulimbikitsa kupanga zisankho mwachangu m'magawo ndi misika.
Kafukufuku: Kukhazikitsa Bwino kwa Zosewerera Dothi
Zosewerera Dothi Zimathandiza Alimi Kusunga Madzi ndi Ndalama
Kafukufuku wa ku Clemson University adapeza kuti zoyezera chinyezi cha nthaka zimatha kuwonjezera alimi'ndalama zokwana 20% powonjezera luso lothirira m'minda yoyesedwa yomwe inali kulima mtedza, soya, kapena thonje.
Mabwalo Ena Osewera Okhazikika
Malo ochitira masewera akugwiritsanso ntchito masensa a nthaka. Bwalo la masewera la Wembley ndi Citizens Bank Park (kwawo kwa Philadelphia Phillies) ndi ena mwa malo ochitira masewerawa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito masensa a nthaka kuti asunge malo osewerera okongola komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi ndi mphamvu, malinga ndi wopanga masensa a nthaka Soil Scout.
Zochitika Zamtsogolo mu Ukadaulo Woona Nthaka
Zochitika zomwe zikubwerazi zikuphatikizapo nanotechnology, yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochokera ku golide kapena siliva zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ya masensa kuti azindikire zinthu zoipitsa nthaka monga zitsulo zolemera.
Masensa okhala ndi zinthu zazing'ono amatha kutsatira mawonekedwe a nthaka kenako n’kutulutsa michere, monga mpweya, poyankha kusinthasintha kwa mtundu wa nthaka. Ena amawerengera zizindikiro zamoyo, monga kuchuluka kwa nyongolotsi, kapena kusiyanasiyana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kudzera mu kusanthula kwa DNA, kuti akonze microbiome ya nthaka.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-09-2024