Kafukufuku wokhudza madzi oyezera nthaka

Popeza zaka za chilala zayamba kuchuluka kuposa zaka za mvula yambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo, kuthirira kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri kuposa kukhala chinthu chapamwamba, zomwe zapangitsa alimi kufunafuna njira zodziwira nthawi yothirira komanso kuchuluka kwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zoyezera chinyezi m'nthaka.
Ofufuza ku Stripling Irrigation Park ku Camilla, Ga., akufufuza mbali zonse za ulimi wothirira, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito masensa oyezera chinyezi m'nthaka ndi telemetry ya wailesi yofunikira potumiza deta kwa alimi, akutero Calvin Perry, woyang'anira pakiyo.
“Kuthirira kwakula kwambiri ku Georgia m'zaka zaposachedwapa,” akutero Perry. “Tsopano tili ndi malo opitilira 13,000 ozungulira m'boma, ndipo maekala opitilira 1,000,000 amathirira. Chiŵerengero cha madzi apansi panthaka ndi madzi oyambira pamwamba ndi pafupifupi 2:1.”
Iye akuwonjezera kuti kuchuluka kwa ma pivot apakati kuli kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Georgia, ndipo ma pivot opitilira theka m'bomalo ali ku Lower Flint River Basin.
Mafunso akuluakulu omwe amafunsidwa pa ulimi wothirira ndi akuti, kodi ndithirira liti, ndipo ndithirira ndalama zingati? akutero Perry. "Timaona kuti ngati kuthirira kukonzedwa bwino komanso nthawi yake ikakwana, kungathe kukonzedwanso. Mwina, titha kusunga ulimi wothirira kumapeto kwa nyengo ngati chinyezi cha nthaka chili pamalo omwe chikufunika, ndipo mwina tingathe kusunga ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito."
Pali njira zambiri zosiyanasiyana zokonzekera nthawi yothirira, akutero iye.
"Choyamba, mutha kuchita izi mwanjira yakale popita kumunda, kukankha nthaka, kapena kuyang'ana masamba a zomera. Kapena, mutha kulosera momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'munda. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokonzekera ulimi wothirira zomwe zimapanga zisankho zothirira kutengera muyeso wa chinyezi cha nthaka."
Njira ina
"Njira ina ndiyo kutsatira mosamala momwe nthaka ilili chinyezi kutengera masensa omwe ali m'munda. Chidziwitsochi chikhoza kutumizidwa kwa inu kapena kutengedwa kuchokera m'munda," akutero Perry.
Iye akuti nthaka m'chigawo cha Southeast Coastal Plain imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo alimi alibe mtundu umodzi wa nthaka m'minda yawo. Pachifukwa ichi, kuthirira bwino nthaka imeneyi kumachitika bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira ina yoyang'anira malo enaake komanso mwina kugwiritsa ntchito makina ogwiritsa ntchito masensa, akutero.
"Pali njira zingapo zopezera deta ya chinyezi cha nthaka kuchokera ku ma probe awa. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa telemetry. Alimi amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri, ndipo safuna kupita m'minda yawo yonse kukawerenga choyezera chinyezi cha nthaka ngati sakufunikira kutero. Pali njira zingapo zopezera deta iyi," akutero Perry.
Masensa okhawo ali m'magulu awiri akuluakulu, masensa a Watermark soil moisture sensors ndi ena mwa masensa atsopano a capacitance-type capacitance, akutero.
Pali chinthu chatsopano chomwe chili pamsika. Mwa kuphatikiza sayansi ya zamoyo za zomera ndi sayansi ya zaulimi, izi zitha kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa nkhawa, matenda a zomera, thanzi la mbewu, komanso kufunikira kwa madzi a zomera.
Ukadaulowu umachokera pa patent ya USDA yotchedwa BIOTIC (Biologically Identified Optimal Temperature Interactive Console). Ukadaulowu umagwiritsa ntchito sensa yowunikira kutentha kwa tsamba la mbewu yanu kuti idziwe kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe ali m'nthaka.
Sensa iyi, yomwe imayikidwa m'munda wa mlimi, imatenga kuwerenga uku ndikutumiza chidziwitsocho ku siteshoni yoyambira.
Zimaneneratu kuti ngati mbewu yanu itenga mphindi zambiri kuposa kutentha kwakukulu, ikukumana ndi vuto la chinyezi. Ngati muthirira mbewu, kutentha kwa denga kudzachepa. Apanga njira zogwiritsira ntchito mbewu zingapo.
Chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana
"Kugwiritsa ntchito wailesi pofufuza deta kuchokera pamalo omwe ali m'munda kupita ku galimoto yanu yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa munda. Mwanjira imeneyi, simuyenera kulowa m'munda mwanu ndi kompyuta ya laputopu, kuilumikiza ku bokosi, ndikutsitsa detayo. Mutha kulandira deta yopitilira. Kapena, mutha kukhala ndi wailesi pafupi ndi masensa omwe ali m'munda, mwina kuiyika pamwamba pang'ono, ndipo mutha kuitumiza ku ofesi."
Ku paki yothirira yomwe ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Georgia, ofufuza akugwira ntchito pa Mesh Network, akuyika masensa otsika mtengo m'munda, akutero Perry. Amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake kenako n’kubwerera ku siteshoni yoyambira m’mphepete mwa munda kapena pakati pa malo ozungulira.
Zimakuthandizani kuyankha mafunso okhudza nthawi yothirira komanso kuchuluka kwa kuthirira. Mukayang'ana deta ya sensa ya chinyezi cha nthaka, mutha kuwona kuchepa kwa chinyezi cha nthaka. Zimenezi zikupatsani lingaliro la momwe chatsikira mofulumira ndikukupatsani lingaliro la nthawi yomwe muyenera kuthirira.
"Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, yang'anirani deta, ndikuwona ngati chinyezi cha nthaka chikukwera mpaka pansi pa mizu ya mbewu zanu panthawiyo."