Letesi wobiriwira wobiriwira umakula bwino mu njira yothetsera michere m'matanki olima, onse akulamulidwa ndi masensa angapo ogwira ntchito mwakachetechete a khalidwe la madzi.
Mu labotale ya yunivesite ku Jiangsu Province, gulu la letesi likukula mwamphamvu popanda nthaka, chifukwa cha njira yowunikira yanzeru ya hydroponic yochokera ku ukadaulo wa IoT wa narrow-band. Wofufuza Zhang Jing adafotokoza kuti njira iyi imagwiritsa ntchito masensa angapo amadzi kuti ayang'anire magawo a michere nthawi yeniyeni, kuphatikiza njira zowongolera zosafunikira kuti zisinthe zokha mtundu wa madzi malinga ndi zosowa za mbewu.
Pamene ukadaulo wa hydroponic ukufalikira kwambiri, masensa osadziwika bwino amadzi awa akuchita gawo lofunika kwambiri. Kuyambira mabungwe ofufuza akatswiri mpaka mabanja wamba, machitidwe anzeru a hydroponic akusintha pang'onopang'ono njira zachikhalidwe zaulimi.
01 Mkhalidwe Wamakono wa Ukadaulo wa Hydroponic
Poyerekeza ndi ulimi wachikhalidwe wa nthaka, hydroponics imalola kuti mbewu zikule mwachangu komanso imachepetsa mavuto a tizilombo. Popeza mbewu nthawi zonse zimayamwa michere kuchokera mu njira ya michere, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira momwe madzi amayeretsera michere ya hydroponic mwachangu komanso molondola, ndikubwezeretsanso michere ngati pakufunika.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa masensa ndi kuchepetsa ndalama, machitidwe anzeru a hydroponic ayamba kusuntha kuchoka ku mabungwe ofufuza kupita ku mabanja wamba.
Dongosolo la hydroponic lanzeru nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu: masensa, owongolera, ndi oyambitsa.
Pakati pa izi, masensa ali ndi udindo wosonkhanitsa magawo osiyanasiyana a khalidwe la madzi, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati "maso" ndi "makutu" a dongosololi. Kulondola kwawo ndi kukhazikika kwawo kumatsimikizira mwachindunji kupambana kapena kulephera kwa dongosolo lonse la hydroponic.
02 Chidule Chatsatanetsatane cha Masensa Aakulu
Masensa a pH
pH ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mbewu mu hydroponics. Monga momwe aliyense mu ulimi wa nsomba amadziwira, pH yabwino kwambiri m'madzi ndi pakati pa 7.5-8.5.
Masensa a pH amadzi amazindikira kuchuluka kwa ma ion a haidrojeni m'zinthu zoyezedwa ndikuzisandutsa zizindikiro zofananira zotulutsa.
Ma ayoni a H+ mu yankho amalumikizana ndi elekitirodi ya sensa kuti apange chizindikiro cha voltage, ndipo kukula kwa voltage kumagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa H+. Poyesa chizindikiro cha voltage, pH yofanana ya yankho ingapezeke.
Masensa apadera a pH opangidwira ntchito za hydroponic amapezeka m'masitolo, monga masensa a hydroponic pH odziyimira pawokha omwe amathandizira njira zolumikizirana zokhazikika, okhala ndi miyeso ya 0-14.00 pH ndi resolution mpaka 0.01 pH, zomwe zimathandiza kuwunika ndi kuwongolera molondola.
Masensa a Oxygen Osungunuka
Mpweya wosungunuka ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti mizu ya mbewu za hydroponic ikule bwino. Madzi osadetsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimadya mpweya amasunga mpweya wosungunuka pamlingo wokwanira.
Masensa osungunuka a okosijeni amayesa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wosungunuka m'madzi.
Mamolekyu a okosijeni ochokera ku yankho loyezedwa amalowa mu nembanemba yosankha ya sensa ndipo amakumana ndi kusintha kofanana kapena kusintha kwa okosijeni pa cathode yamkati ndi anode, nthawi imodzi ndikupanga zizindikiro zamphamvu. Kukula kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa okosijeni komwe kumasungunuka.
Masensa a oxygen osungunuka bwino amapezeka m'mapangidwe osiyanasiyana: ena amatha kupirira nyengo zovuta pomwe amapereka kulondola kwabwino; ena amakonzedwa kuti azitha kuyankha nthawi yayitali, oyenera kuyang'ana malo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kusanthula.
Masensa Okhudza Kukhazikika kwa Ion
Zipangizo zoyezera kuchuluka kwa ma ayoni ndi zofunika kwambiri poyang'anira kapangidwe ka michere. Kuchuluka kwa ma ayoni enaake monga nitrate, ammonium, ndi chloride kumakhudza mwachindunji kukula kwa mbewu.
Mwachitsanzo, masensa apadera a ammonium ion amatha kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ammonium m'madzi achilengedwe, m'madzi apamwamba, pansi pa nthaka, ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zaulimi.
Patent ya sensa ya ion concentration ya hydroponic solution kuchokera ku yunivesite yaulimi imagwirizanitsa ma ion electrodes, masensa a kutentha, ndi masensa a pH, zomwe zimathandiza kumvetsetsa mwachangu kusintha kwa ion concentration, kusintha kwa kutentha, ndi kusintha kwa pH mu hydroponic solutions.
Masensa Oyendetsera Magetsi (EC)
Kuyenda kwa magetsi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira choyezera kuchuluka kwa ma ayoni onse mu yankho la michere, zomwe zikuwonetsa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa chonde kwa yankho la michere.
Ma transmitter a EC odzipangira okha omwe amapangidwira ulimi wothirira ndi hydroponics amapereka miyeso yoyambira 0-4000 µS/cm, kuthandizira njira zotulutsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimatha kulumikizana ndi mapampu/ma valavu oyezera ndikuwongolera ma switch a pampu/ma valavu.
Masensa a Kutentha ndi Kugwedezeka
Kutentha kumakhudza kukula kwa mizu ya mbewu ndi kagayidwe kachakudya, pomwe kuuma kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayikidwa mu yankho la michere.
Mu mapulojekiti anzeru a hydroponic tank a greenhouse, opanga mapulogalamu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma modules olondola kwambiri a digito okhudza kutentha ndi chinyezi, okhala ndi kulondola kwa kutentha kwa ±0.3℃ ndi resolution ya 0.01℃.
Zipangizo zapadera zoyezera kuuma kwa nthaka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zida zambiri kuti ziwunikire kuchuluka kwa kuuma kwa michere.
03 Mapulogalamu Ophatikizidwa mu Smart Systems
Deta yochokera ku masensa osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri imakhala yosakwanira kuwonetsa bwino momwe zinthu zilili m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuphatikizana kwa masensa ambiri kukhale njira yowonjezereka m'makina anzeru a hydroponic.
Ma probe okhala ndi magawo ambiri okhala ndi mapangidwe otsika mtengo amatha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta ndi machitidwe owongolera ndi machitidwe a telemetry, oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Magulu ofufuza apanga njira zowunikira zanzeru zochokera ku IoT za hydroponics zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mafoni kuti ziwunikire nthawi yeniyeni magawo a chilengedwe cha hydroponic, kuphatikiza njira zanzeru zowongolera kuti zisinthe magawo amadzi abwino a michere kutengera zomwe zachitika pakugwira ntchito komanso zosowa za mbewu.
Zotsatira za mayeso zikusonyeza kuti pamene machitidwe oterewa akuwongolera njira zopezera michere, magawo ofunikira monga pH ndi ma conductivity amagetsi amatha kusunga miyezo yokhazikika mkati mwa nthawi yoyenera.
04 Mavuto a Zaukadaulo ndi Zochitika Zamtsogolo
Ngakhale kuti ukadaulo wa masensa a hydroponic wapita patsogolo kwambiri, pali mavuto angapo omwe adakalipo. Kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, mphamvu yoletsa kuipitsa, komanso kuchuluka kwa masensa omwe amawerengera ndi nkhani zazikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito.
Makamaka ma electrode osankha ma ion amatha kusokonezedwa ndi ma ion ena ndipo amafunika kuyesedwa nthawi zonse.
Masensa amtsogolo a hydroponic adzakula kuti akhale ndi magwiridwe antchito ambiri, nzeru, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama.
Makina apamwamba a masensa amatha kale kuyeza magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chlorophyll, pigments, fluorescence, turbidity, ndi zina zambiri.
Pakadali pano, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha mapulojekiti otseguka, zopinga zolowera mu njira zanzeru zogwiritsira ntchito madzi zikuchepa, zomwe zikuthandiza anthu ambiri kutenga nawo mbali pakusintha kwa ulimi kumeneku.
Masiku ano, anthu ambiri okhala m'mizinda akuyamba kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoziziritsira madzi m'nyumba. Pamakhonde okhala m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana, masamba obiriwira amakula kwambiri m'matanki anzeru oziziritsira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito nsanja zodziwika bwino za microcontroller.
“Zida zoyezera ubwino wa madzi ndiye maziko a machitidwe a hydroponic—zili ngati ‘matuza a kukoma’ a zomera, zomwe zimatiuza zakudya zomwe zimafunika kusinthidwa,” anafotokoza motero wokonda kwambiri.
Kupita patsogolo kosalekeza mu ukadaulo wa masensa kukusintha ulimi wolondola kuchoka pa chinthu chabwino kukhala chenicheni.
Tikhozanso kupereka njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera mavutowa
1. Chida chogwiritsira ntchito m'manja cha ubwino wa madzi okhala ndi magawo ambiri
2. Dongosolo loyandama la Buoy la ubwino wa madzi okhala ndi magawo ambiri
3. Burashi yoyeretsera yokha ya sensa yamadzi yokhala ndi magawo ambiri
4. Seti yonse ya ma seva ndi mapulogalamu opanda zingwe, imathandizira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza sensa yamadzi zambiri,
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Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-07-2025