Mu gawo la ulimi wanzeru, kugwirizana kwa masensa ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kutumiza deta ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga njira yowunikira yolondola. Kutulutsa kwa sensa ya nthaka ndi SDI12, yokhala ndi njira yolumikizirana ya digito yokhazikika, imapanga mbadwo watsopano wa zida zowunikira nthaka zomwe zili ndi "kuwunika kolondola kwambiri + kuphatikiza kosavuta + kutumiza kokhazikika", kupereka chithandizo chodalirika cha deta pazinthu monga minda yanzeru, malo obiriwira anzeru, ndi kuyang'anira kafukufuku wasayansi, ndikukonzanso miyezo yaukadaulo yowunikira nthaka.
1. Ndondomeko ya SDI12: Nchifukwa chiyani ndi "Chilankhulo cha Padziko Lonse" cha intaneti ya Zinthu zaulimi?
SDI12 (Serial Digital Interface 12) ndi njira yolankhulirana yodziwika padziko lonse lapansi ya masensa oteteza chilengedwe, yopangidwira makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri, ndipo ili ndi zabwino zitatu zazikulu:
Kulumikizana kokhazikika: Njira yolumikizirana yogwirizana imaphwanya zopinga za chipangizo ndipo imatha kuphatikizidwa bwino ndi osonkhanitsa deta akuluakulu (monga Campbell, HOBO) ndi nsanja za Internet of Things (monga Alibaba Cloud, Tencent Cloud), zomwe zimachotsa kufunikira kowonjezera kupanga madalaivala ndikuchepetsa ndalama zolumikizira makina ndi zoposa 30%.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso kutumiza mwachangu: Imagwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kosasinthasintha komanso imathandizira kulumikizana kwa zida zambiri za "master-slave mode" (masensa okwana 100 amatha kulumikizidwa pa basi imodzi), ndi mphamvu yolumikizirana yocheperako ngati mulingo wa μA, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuyang'anira zochitika zamunda zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa.
Mphamvu yolimbana ndi kusokoneza: Kapangidwe ka ma signali osiyanasiyana kamaletsa kusokoneza kwa ma elekitiroma. Ngakhale pafupi ndi ma gridi amphamvu amphamvu komanso malo olumikizirana, kulondola kwa kutumiza deta kumafikabe pa 99.9%.
2. Mphamvu Yowunikira Pakati: "Stethoscope" ya Dothi yokhala ndi ma parameter ambiri
Sensa ya nthaka yopangidwa kutengera protocol ya SDI12 imatha kusintha magawo owunikira malinga ndi zofunikira kuti ikwaniritse kuzindikira kwathunthu kwa malo a nthaka:
(1) Kuphatikiza koyambira kwa magawo asanu
Chinyezi cha nthaka: Njira yowunikira pafupipafupi (FDR) imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yokhala ndi mulingo woyezera wa chinyezi cha voliyumu 0-100%, kulondola kwa ±3%, ndi nthawi yoyankha yosakwana sekondi imodzi.
Kutentha kwa nthaka: Yokhala ndi sensa yokhazikika ya PT1000, mulingo woyezera kutentha ndi -40 ℃ mpaka 85℃, ndi kulondola kwa ±0.5℃, yokhoza kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni kusintha kwa kutentha mu mizu.
Kuyendetsa magetsi m'nthaka (EC): Yesani kuchuluka kwa mchere m'nthaka (0-20 dS/m2), molondola ±5%, kuti muchenjeze za chiopsezo cha mchere m'nthaka;
pH ya nthaka: Muyeso wa 3-12, kulondola ±0.1, kutsogolera kusintha kwa nthaka ya acidic/alkaline;
Kutentha ndi chinyezi cha mlengalenga: Yang'anirani nthawi imodzi zinthu zokhudzana ndi nyengo zachilengedwe kuti muthandize kusanthula madzi ndi nthaka komanso kusinthana kwa kutentha.
(2) Kukulitsa ntchito kwapamwamba
Kuyang'anira zakudya: Ma electrode a ion a nayitrogeni (N), phosphorous (P), ndi potaziyamu (K) amapezeka kuti azitsatira kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zilipo (monga NO₃⁻-N, PO₄³⁻-P) nthawi yeniyeni, ndi kulondola kwa ±8%.
Kuzindikira zitsulo zolemera: Pa kafukufuku wa sayansi, imatha kuphatikiza masensa a zitsulo zolemera monga lead (Pb) ndi cadmium (Cd), ndi resolution yofika pamlingo wa ppb.
Kuyang'anira momwe mbewu zimakhalira: Mwa kuphatikiza zoyezera kuyenda kwa madzi a m'nthaka ndi zoyezera chinyezi pamwamba pa masamba, unyolo wowunikira mosalekeza wa "nthaka - mbewu - mlengalenga" umapangidwa.
3. Kapangidwe ka zida: Ubwino wa mafakitale kuti ugwire ntchito m'malo ovuta
Zatsopano zokhalitsa
Zipangizo za chipolopolo: Choyezera cha aluminiyamu chapamwamba kwambiri + choyezera cha polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), cholimba ku asidi ndi dzimbiri la alkali (pH 1-14), cholimba ku kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka, chokhala ndi moyo wobisika wa zaka zoposa 8.
Mtundu wa Chitetezo: IP68 yosalowa madzi komanso yosalowa fumbi, yokhoza kupirira kumiza kwa mita imodzi kwa maola 72, yoyenera nyengo yoipa monga mvula yamphamvu ndi kusefukira kwa madzi.
(2) Kapangidwe ka mphamvu zochepa
Njira Yodzutsa Munthu Pogona: Imathandizira kusonkhanitsa nthawi yake (monga kamodzi mphindi 10 zilizonse) ndi kusonkhanitsa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zochitika (monga kupereka malipoti ogwira ntchito pamene pali kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa chinyezi), mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yopuma ndi yochepera 50μA, ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa miyezi 12 ikaphatikizidwa ndi batri ya lithiamu ya 5Ah.
Yankho la mphamvu ya dzuwa: Ma solar panel osankha a 5W + module yowongolera chaji alipo kuti akwaniritse "kusakonza konse" kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo omwe ali ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kochuluka.
(3) Kusinthasintha kwa kuyika
Kapangidwe ka pulagi ndi kukoka: Chofufuzira ndi chipangizo chachikulu zitha kulekanitsidwa, kuthandizira kusintha kwa gawo la sensa mkati mwa malo popanda kufunikira koyikanso chingwecho.
Kuyika zinthu mozama kwambiri: Kumapereka njira zoyezera zautali wosiyanasiyana monga 10cm, 20cm, ndi 30cm kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zowunikira kufalikira kwa mizu pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za kukula kwa mbewu (monga kuyeza wosaya kwambiri panthawi ya kukula kwa mbande ndi kuyeza wosaya kwambiri panthawi yakukula).
4. Zochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri
Kusamalira minda mwanzeru
Kuthirira kolondola: Deta ya chinyezi cha nthaka imatumizidwa kwa wowongolera ulimi wanzeru kudzera mu ndondomeko ya SDI12 kuti akwaniritse "kuthirira komwe kumayambitsa chinyezi" (monga kuyambitsa kuthirira madzi pang'onopang'ono pamene kutsika pansi pa 40% ndikuyimitsa ikafika 60%), ndi chiŵerengero chosunga madzi cha 40%.
Kuthira feteleza mosiyanasiyana: Mwa kuphatikiza deta ya EC ndi michere, makina othira feteleza amatsogozedwa kuti agwire ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana kudzera muzithunzi zolembedwa ndi dokotala (monga kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa mankhwala m'malo okhala ndi mchere wambiri ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito kwa urea m'malo okhala ndi nayitrogeni yochepa), ndipo kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumawonjezeka ndi 25%.
(2) Netiweki yowunikira kafukufuku wa sayansi
Kafukufuku wa zachilengedwe wa nthawi yayitali: Masensa a SDI12 okhala ndi magawo ambiri amaikidwa m'malo owunikira ubwino wa minda ya dziko lonse kuti asonkhanitse deta ya nthaka pafupipafupi pa ola limodzi. Detayo imasungidwa mwachinsinsi ndikutumizidwa ku database ya kafukufuku wa sayansi kudzera pa VPN kuti ithandizire kafukufuku wokhudza kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuwonongeka kwa nthaka.
Kuyesera kowongolera mphika: Netiweki ya sensa ya SDI12 idapangidwa mu greenhouse kuti ilamulire bwino malo okhala nthaka ya mphika uliwonse wa zomera (monga kukhazikitsa pH gradients zosiyanasiyana), ndipo detayo idalumikizidwa ku dongosolo loyang'anira labotale, kuchepetsa kuzungulira koyesera ndi 30%.
(3) Kuphatikiza ulimi wa malo osungiramo zinthu
Kulumikizana kwanzeru kwa greenhouse: Lumikizani sensa ya SDI12 ku dongosolo lowongolera la greenhouse. Kutentha kwa nthaka kukapitirira 35℃ ndipo chinyezi chili chochepera 30%, izi zidzayambitsa kuziziritsa kwa nsalu ya fan water curtain ndikubwezeretsanso madzi othirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "deta - kupanga zisankho - ichitike" iyende bwino.
Kuyang'anira ulimi wopanda dothi: Muzochitika za ulimi wa hydroponic/substrate, mtengo wa EC ndi pH wa njira ya michere imayang'aniridwa nthawi yeniyeni, ndipo choyeretsera acid-base ndi pompo yowonjezera michere zimasinthidwa zokha kuti zitsimikizire kuti mbewu zili pamalo abwino kwambiri okula.
5. Kuyerekeza kwaukadaulo: SDI12 vs. Chida Chachikhalidwe Chojambulira Chizindikiro cha Analog
| Sensa yachikhalidwe ya analog signal | Sensa ya digito ya SDI12 | ||
| Kulondola kwa deta kumakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi kutalika kwa chingwe ndi kusokonezeka kwa maginito, ndi cholakwika cha ± 5% mpaka 8% | Kutumiza chizindikiro cha digito, komwe kuli ndi cholakwika cha ±1%-3%, kumakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. | ||
| Kuphatikiza kwa dongosolo kumafuna kusintha gawo lowongolera chizindikiro, ndipo mtengo wopangira ndi wokwera | Pulagi ndi kusewera, imagwirizana ndi osonkhanitsa ndi nsanja zazikulu | ||
| Luso la kulumikizana limalola basi imodzi kulumikiza zida zosachepera 5 mpaka 10 | Basi imodzi imathandizira zida 100 ndipo imagwirizana ndi matabwa/nyenyezi | ||
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu: Mphamvu yopitilira, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu > 1mA | Mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi yochepera 50μA, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi batri/mphamvu ya dzuwa. | ||
| Ndalama zokonzera zimafunika kuyesedwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pachaka, ndipo zingwe zimatha kukalamba komanso kuwonongeka mosavuta. | Ili ndi njira yodziyeretsera yokha mkati, yomwe imachotsa kufunika koyezetsa nthawi yonse yomwe ikugwira ntchito komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zosinthira chingwe ndi 70%. |
6. Umboni wa Ogwiritsa Ntchito: Kudumphadumpha kuchokera ku "Data Silos" kupita ku "Kugwirizana Mogwira Mtima"
Sukulu ya zaulimi ya m'chigawo inati, "Kale, masensa a analog ankagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pa malo aliwonse owunikira omwe adayikidwa, gawo losiyana lolumikizirana limayenera kupangidwa, ndipo kukonza zolakwika kokha kumatenga miyezi iwiri." Pambuyo posinthira ku sensa ya SDI12, kulumikizana kwa mfundo 50 kunamalizidwa mkati mwa sabata imodzi, ndipo detayo idalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi nsanja yofufuzira zasayansi, zomwe zidakweza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ofufuza.
Mu malo owonetsera ulimi osungira madzi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China: "Mwa kuphatikiza sensa ya SDI12 ndi chipata chanzeru, takwanitsa kugawa madzi m'mabanja kutengera momwe nthaka ilili ndi chinyezi. Kale, kuwunika njira zoyendetsera madzi kunkachitika kawiri patsiku, koma tsopano kumatha kuyang'aniridwa pafoni yam'manja. Kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi kwakwera kuchoka pa 30% kufika pa 45%, ndipo mtengo wothirira pa mu kwa alimi watsika ndi 80 yuan."
Yambitsani zomangamanga zatsopano za data za ulimi wolondola
Chotulutsa cha sensa ya nthaka cha SDI12 sichimangoyang'anira komanso "zomangamanga" za deta za ulimi wanzeru. Chimaphwanya zopinga pakati pa zida ndi machitidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika, chimathandizira kupanga zisankho zasayansi ndi deta yolondola kwambiri, komanso CHIMASINTHA ku kuwunika kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kapangidwe ka mphamvu zochepa. Kaya ndi kukonza bwino ntchito kwa minda ikuluikulu kapena kufufuza kwapamwamba kwa mabungwe ofufuza asayansi, chingathe kukhazikitsa maziko olimba a netiweki yowunikira nthaka, ndikupanga deta iliyonse kukhala mphamvu yoyendetsera ulimi wamakono.
Contact us immediately: Tel: +86-15210548582, Email: info@hondetech.com or click www.hondetechco.comKuti mupeze malangizo a SDI12 Sensor networking kuti mupange makina anu owunikira kukhala anzeru, odalirika komanso osavuta kuwakulitsa!
Kutumiza chizindikiro cha digito, komwe kuli ndi cholakwika cha ±1%-3%, kumakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-28-2025