Chiyambi: Pamene Kuwala kwa Dzuwa Kumakhala “Kosinthasintha”
Cholinga chachikulu cha kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndikusintha mphamvu ya kuwala kwa dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo mphamvu yake yotulutsa imakhudzidwa mwachindunji nthawi yeniyeni ndi magawo angapo a nyengo monga kuwala kwa dzuwa, kutentha kwa malo, liwiro la mphepo ndi komwe ikupita, chinyezi cha mlengalenga ndi mvula. Magawo awa si ziwerengero chabe m'malipoti a nyengo, koma "zosintha zazikulu zopangira" zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito opangira magetsi a malo opangira magetsi, chitetezo cha zida ndi phindu la ndalama. Chifukwa chake, Automatic Weather Station (AWS) yasintha kuchoka pa chida chofufuzira chasayansi kukhala "mtsempha womvera" wofunikira kwambiri komanso "mwala wopangira zisankho" pa malo opangira magetsi amakono a photovoltaic.
I. Kugwirizana kwa magawo ambiri pakati pa magawo owunikira pakati ndi magwiridwe antchito a malo opangira magetsi
Malo odzipangira okha nyengo a malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic apanga njira yowunikira yokonzedwa bwino kwambiri, ndipo deta iliyonse imagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe malo opangira magetsi amagwirira ntchito:
Kuyang'anira kuwala kwa dzuwa ("kuyeza magwero" popanga magetsi)
Ma radiation onse (GHI): Amazindikira mwachindunji mphamvu yonse yomwe imalandiridwa ndi ma module a photovoltaic ndipo ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakulosera kupanga mphamvu.
Ma radiation olunjika (DNI) ndi ma radiation omwazikana (DHI): Pa ma photovoltaic arrays omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma bracket otsatirira kapena ma module enaake a bifacial, deta iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukonza njira zotsatirira ndikuwunikira molondola phindu la kupanga magetsi kumbuyo.
Mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito: Imapereka deta yosasinthika yowunikira magwiridwe antchito opangira magetsi (kuwerengera mtengo wa PR), kulosera kwa nthawi yochepa yopanga magetsi, komanso kuzindikira momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito moyenera.
2. Kutentha kwa malo ndi kutentha kwa gawo la backplane ("kuchuluka kwa kutentha" kwa magwiridwe antchito)
Kutentha kwa malo: Kumakhudza kutentha kwa microclimate ndi kuzizira kwa malo opangira magetsi.
Kutentha kwa kumbuyo kwa gawoli: Mphamvu yotulutsa ya ma module a photovoltaic imachepa pamene kutentha kukukwera (nthawi zambiri -0.3% mpaka -0.5%/℃). Kuwunika kutentha kwa kumbuyo kwa gawoli nthawi yeniyeni kumatha kukonza molondola mphamvu yomwe ikuyembekezeka kutulutsa ndikupeza kutentha kosazolowereka kwa zigawo kapena zoopsa zomwe zingachitike pamalo otentha.
3. Liwiro la mphepo ndi malangizo ake (“Lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse” la chitetezo ndi kuziziritsa
Chitetezo cha kapangidwe kake: Mphepo yamphamvu yomwe imabwera nthawi yomweyo (monga yomwe imapitirira 25m/s) imakhala mayeso abwino kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu zamagetsi ndi ma module othandizira a photovoltaic. Machenjezo a liwiro la mphepo nthawi yeniyeni angayambitse chitetezo, ndipo ngati pakufunika, yambitsani njira yotetezera mphepo ya single-axis tracker (monga "malo a mphepo").
Kuziziritsa kwachilengedwe: Kuthamanga kwa mphepo koyenera kumathandiza kuchepetsa kutentha kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zigwire bwino ntchito. Deta imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza momwe mpweya umaziziritsira komanso kukonza bwino malo ndi malo olumikizirana.
4. Chinyezi ndi Mvula ("zizindikiro zochenjeza" zogwirira ntchito, kukonza ndi zolakwika)
Chinyezi chochuluka: Chingayambitse zotsatira za PID (Potential-induced Attenuation), kufulumizitsa dzimbiri la zida, komanso kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a insulation.
Mvula: Deta ya mvula ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwirizanitsa ndi kusanthula zotsatira zachilengedwe za kuyeretsa kwa zigawo (kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwa mphamvu zopangira magetsi), ndikuwongolera kukonzekera njira yabwino kwambiri yoyeretsera. Machenjezo a mvula yamphamvu amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi momwe madzi amayankhira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera kusefukira kwa madzi ndi njira zotulutsira madzi.
5. Kupanikizika kwa mpweya ndi Ma Parameter Ena (“zinthu zothandizira” zoyeretsedwa bwino)
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza deta molondola kwambiri komanso kusanthula kafukufuku.
Ii. Zochitika za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwanzeru Zoyendetsedwa ndi Data
Kuchuluka kwa deta ya siteshoni yodziyimira yokha ya nyengo, kudzera mu netiweki yosonkhanitsira deta ndi kulumikizana, kumapita mu dongosolo lowunikira ndi kupeza deta (SCADA) ndi dongosolo loneneratu mphamvu ya siteshoni yamagetsi ya photovoltaic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mapulogalamu ambiri anzeru:
1. Kuneneratu molondola za kupanga magetsi ndi kutumiza magetsi pa gridi
Kuneneratu kwa nthawi yochepa (ola lililonse/tsiku lapitalo): Kuphatikiza kuwala kwa nthawi yeniyeni, mamapu a mitambo ndi kulosera kwa nyengo kwa manambala (NWP), kumagwira ntchito ngati maziko a madipatimenti otumiza magetsi kuti azitha kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu ya photovoltaic ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino. Kulondola kwa kulosera kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ndalama zomwe zimapezedwa ndi siteshoni yamagetsi komanso njira yogulitsira msika.
Kuneneratu kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri (mulingo wa mphindi): Makamaka kutengera kuwunika kwa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kuwala munthawi yeniyeni (monga kudutsa kwa mitambo), imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankha mwachangu AGC (Automatic Generation Control) mkati mwa malo opangira magetsi komanso kutulutsa mphamvu bwino.
2. Kuzindikira bwino momwe malo opangira magetsi amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amakonzera bwino zinthu
Kusanthula kwa chiŵerengero cha magwiridwe antchito (PR): Kutengera ndi deta yoyezedwa ya kuwala ndi kutentha kwa zigawo, werengerani kupanga mphamvu koyerekeza ndikuyerekeza ndi kupanga mphamvu kwenikweni. Kutsika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa PR kungasonyeze kuwonongeka kwa zigawo, madontho, zopinga kapena zolakwika zamagetsi.
Njira yoyeretsera mwanzeru: Mwa kusanthula bwino mvula, kuchulukana kwa fumbi (komwe kungadziwike mwanjira ina kudzera mu kuchepetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa), liwiro la mphepo (fumbi), ndi ndalama zopangira magetsi, dongosolo loyeretsera la zinthu zabwino kwambiri limapangidwa mosinthasintha.
Chenjezo la thanzi la zida: Poyerekeza kusiyana kwa kupanga magetsi kwa ma sub-array osiyanasiyana pansi pa nyengo zomwezo, zolakwika m'mabokosi ophatikiza, ma inverter kapena milingo ya zingwe zimatha kupezeka mwachangu.
3. Chitetezo cha Katundu ndi Kuyang'anira Zoopsa
Chenjezo la nyengo yoipa kwambiri: Ikani malire a mphepo yamphamvu, mvula yamphamvu, chipale chofewa chambiri, kutentha kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, kuti mupeze machenjezo odziyimira pawokha ndikutsogolera ogwira ntchito ndi okonza kuti achitepo kanthu koteteza monga kulimbitsa, kulimbitsa, kutulutsa madzi kapena kusintha momwe ntchito ikuyendera pasadakhale.
Kuwunika Inshuwalansi ndi Katundu: Perekani zolemba zenizeni komanso zopitilira za nyengo kuti mupereke umboni wodalirika wa chipani chachitatu pakuwunika kuwonongeka kwa masoka, zopempha za inshuwaransi, ndi zochitika za katundu wa malo opangira magetsi.
III. Kuphatikiza Machitidwe ndi Zochitika Zaukadaulo
Malo amakono okonzera nyengo ya photovoltaic akukula kuti agwirizane kwambiri, akhale odalirika komanso anzeru.
Kapangidwe kogwirizana: Choyezera kuwala, choyezera kutentha ndi chinyezi, anemometer, chosonkhanitsa deta ndi magetsi (solar panel + batire) zimaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo lokhazikika komanso losagwira dzimbiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito ichitike mwachangu komanso kuti isawonongeke.
2. Kulondola kwambiri komanso kudalirika kwambiri: Gawo la sensa likuyandikira muyezo wachiwiri kapena woyamba, wokhala ndi ntchito zodziwunikira komanso zodziwongolera kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukhazikika kwa deta.
3. Kuphatikiza makompyuta a m'mphepete ndi AI: Chitani kukonza deta koyambirira ndi kuweruza zolakwika kumapeto kwa siteshoni kuti muchepetse kutumizidwa kwa deta. Mwa kuphatikiza ukadaulo wozindikira zithunzi za AI ndikugwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha thambo lonse kuti chithandize kuzindikira mitundu ya mitambo ndi kuchuluka kwa mitambo, kulondola kwa maulosi a nthawi yochepa kumakulitsidwanso.
4. Malo Opangira Mphamvu Zamagetsi Awiri A digito ndi Pakompyuta: Deta ya siteshoni ya nyengo, monga momwe imalowera kuchokera kudziko lapansi, imayendetsa chitsanzo cha mapasa a digito cha malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic kuti chichite kuyerekezera kupanga magetsi, kulosera zolakwika, ndi kukonza njira zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza malo enieni.
Iv. Milandu Yogwiritsira Ntchito ndi Kuyeza Mtengo
Siteshoni yamagetsi ya 100MW yomwe ili m'dera lovuta lamapiri, pambuyo poyika netiweki yowunikira nyengo yokhala ndi malo ocheperako asanu ndi limodzi, yakwaniritsa izi:
Kulondola kwa kulosera mphamvu kwa kanthawi kochepa kwakwera ndi pafupifupi 5%, zomwe zachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zolipirira kuwunika kwa gridi.
Kudzera mu kuyeretsa mwanzeru kutengera deta ya nyengo, mtengo woyeretsera pachaka umachepetsedwa ndi 15%, pomwe kutayika kwa magetsi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha madontho kumachepetsedwa ndi oposa 2%.
Pa nthawi ya nyengo yoipa kwambiri, njira yotsekereza mphepo inayamba kugwira ntchito maola awiri pasadakhale kutengera chenjezo la mphepo yamphamvu, zomwe zinaletsa kuwonongeka kwa chithandizocho. Akuti kutayikako kunachepetsedwa ndi ma yuan mamiliyoni angapo.
Kutsiliza: Kuchokera pa “Kudalira Chilengedwe kuti tipeze zofunika pa moyo” kupita ku “Kuchita Zinthu Mogwirizana ndi Chilengedwe”
Kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochitira nyengo okha kukuwonetsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito a malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic kuchoka pa kudalira luso ndi kasamalidwe kambiri kupita ku nthawi yatsopano ya kayendetsedwe ka sayansi, kokonzedwa bwino komanso kanzeru kokhazikika pa deta. Kumathandiza malo opangira magetsi a photovoltaic osati kungowona kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso "kumvetsetsa" nyengo, motero kumawonjezera phindu la kuwala kulikonse kwa dzuwa ndikuwonjezera ndalama zopangira magetsi ndi chitetezo cha katundu m'moyo wonse. Pamene mphamvu ya photovoltaic ikukhala mphamvu yayikulu pakusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, malo abwino kwambiri a malo ochitira nyengo okha, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati "diso lanzeru", adzawonekera kwambiri.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za siteshoni ya nyengo,
chonde lemberani Honde Technology Co., LTD.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-17-2025