Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Zotsatira za Machitidwe Odziyeretsa Okha a Madzi ku Vietnam

Mavuto Oyang'anira Ubwino wa Madzi ku Vietnam ndi Kuyambitsa Machitidwe Odziyeretsa Okha

Monga dziko lokhala ndi madzi ambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia lomwe lili ndi gombe la makilomita 3,260 komanso mitsinje yodzaza, Vietnam ikukumana ndi mavuto apadera owunikira ubwino wa madzi. Makina osungiramo madzi achikhalidwe m'malo otentha a Vietnam okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, chinyezi, komanso kuipitsidwa kwambiri kwa biofouling nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa masensa ndi kusuntha kwa deta, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri kulondola kwa kuwunika. Makamaka ku Mekong Delta, zinthu zolimba kwambiri komanso zachilengedwe zimafunikira kukonza ndi manja milungu iwiri kapena itatu iliyonse ya ma buoys achikhalidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zikhale zokwera komanso deta yosadalirika yopitilira.

Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, akuluakulu a zamadzi ku Vietnam adayambitsa makina odziyeretsera okha mu 2023, kuphatikiza kutsuka kwa makina ndi ukadaulo wa ultrasound kuti achotse biofilm ndi zotsalira pamalo a masensa. Deta yochokera ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Madzi ku Ho Chi Minh City ikuwonetsa kuti makinawa adakulitsa nthawi yokonza kuyambira masiku 15-20 mpaka masiku 90-120 pomwe akukweza kutsimikizika kwa deta kuchokera pa <60% mpaka >95%, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi pafupifupi 65%. Kupambana kumeneku kumapereka chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri chaukadaulo pakukweza netiweki yowunikira ubwino wa madzi ku Vietnam.

Mfundo Zaukadaulo ndi Kapangidwe Katsopano ka Machitidwe Odziyeretsa

Makina odziyeretsera okha a buoy ku Vietnam amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyeretsa wamitundu yambiri kuphatikiza njira zitatu zowonjezera:

1. Kuyeretsa burashi mozungulira: Kumayatsa maola 6 aliwonse pogwiritsa ntchito maburashi a silicone omwe amapangidwa ndi chakudya makamaka omwe amakhudza kuipitsidwa kwa algae pamawindo owoneka bwino;
2. Kuyeretsa kwa cavitation pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound: Ultrasound yothamanga kwambiri (40kHz) yomwe imayambitsidwa kawiri patsiku imachotsa biofilm yolimba kudzera mu kuphulika kwa mabulosi ang'onoang'ono;
3. Chophimba choletsa mankhwala: Chophimba cha nano-scale titanium dioxide photocatalytic chimaletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pansi pa dzuwa.

Kapangidwe kameneka ka chitetezo cha katatu kamatsimikizira kuti madzi akuyenda bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana a m'madzi ku Vietnam - kuyambira m'madera okhala ndi matope ambiri ku Red River mpaka m'madera okhala ndi madzi ambiri ku Mekong. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa dongosololi kuli mu mphamvu zake zokha kudzera mu mphamvu yosakanikirana (ma solar panels a 120W + 50W hydro generator), kusunga magwiridwe antchito oyeretsa ngakhale nthawi yamvula yokhala ndi kuwala kochepa kwa dzuwa.

Nkhani Yosonyeza Chiwonetsero ku Mekong Delta

Monga dera lofunika kwambiri la ulimi ndi zaulimi ku Vietnam, ubwino wa madzi ku Mekong Delta umakhudza mwachindunji anthu 20 miliyoni okhala m'madera ndi chuma cha m'madera. Pakati pa 2023-2024, Unduna wa Zamadzi ku Vietnam unakhazikitsa njira 28 zodziyeretsera zokha pano, zomwe zinakhazikitsa netiweki yodziwitsa za ubwino wa madzi yomwe inali ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.

Kukhazikitsa kwa Can Tho City kunakhala koyenera kwambiri. Poyikidwa pa tsinde lalikulu la Mekong, makinawa amawunika mpweya wosungunuka (DO), pH, turbidity, conductivity, chlorophyll-a ndi zina zofunika kwambiri. Deta yotumizidwa pambuyo pa kuyeretsa inatsimikizira kuti kuyeretsa kokha kumasunga ntchito yokhazikika nthawi zonse:

• Kuthamanga kwa sensa ya DO kunachepa kuchoka pa 0.8 mg/L/mwezi kufika pa 0.1 mg/L;
• Kukhazikika kwa pH pakuwerenga kwakhala bwino ndi 40%;
• Kusokoneza kwa biofouling kwa turbidimeter ya kuwala kwachepetsedwa ndi 90%.

Mu Marichi 2024, makinawa adadziwitsa akuluakulu aboma za ngozi yotulutsa madzi otayira m'mafakitale kudzera mu kuzindikira nthawi yeniyeni ya pH (7.2→5.8) ndi ngozi ya DO (6.4→2.1 mg/L). Mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe adapeza ndikuthana ndi vuto la kuipitsa mkati mwa maola awiri, kuteteza kuphedwa kwa nsomba zambiri. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kufunika kwa makinawa pakuwonetsetsa kuti deta ikupitilizabe komanso kuti zinthu ziyende bwino.

Mavuto Okhudza Kukhazikitsa ndi Chiyembekezo cha Mtsogolo

Ngakhale kuti ntchito yabwino kwambiri, kuvomerezedwa kwa dziko lonse kukukumana ndi zovuta zingapo:

• Ndalama zoyambira zambiri: 150-200 miliyoni VND (6,400-8,500 USD) pa dongosolo lililonse - ndalama zoyambira katatu mpaka kanayi;
• Zofunikira pa maphunziro: Ogwira ntchito m'munda amafunika luso latsopano pokonza makina ndi kusanthula deta;
• Zoletsa kusintha: Zimafuna kukonza kapangidwe kake kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri (NTU> 1000 panthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi) kapena mafunde amphamvu.

Chitukuko chamtsogolo chidzayang'ana kwambiri pa:

1. Kupanga zinthu m'deralo: Makampani aku Vietnam omwe akugwirizana ndi anzawo aku Japan/Korea akufuna kupeza zinthu zapakhomo >50% mkati mwa zaka zitatu, kuchepetsa ndalama ndi 30% kapena kupitirira apo;
2. Kusintha mwanzeru: Kuphatikiza makamera a AI kuti azindikire mitundu ya kuipitsidwa ndikusintha njira zoyeretsera (monga, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimamera pamene algae ikuphuka);
3. Kukonza mphamvu: Kupanga makina okolola mphamvu ogwira ntchito bwino (monga kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa madzi) kuti achepetse kudalira mphamvu ya dzuwa;
4. Kusakaniza deta: Kuphatikiza ndi kuwunika kwa satelayiti/drone kuti pakhale kuwunika kwabwino kwa madzi m'mlengalenga ndi pansi.

Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ku Vietnam ukuyembekeza kuti ma buoy odziyeretsa okha azitha kuphimba 60% ya malo owunikira dziko lonse pofika chaka cha 2026, ndikupanga zomangamanga zazikulu zamachitidwe ochenjeza anthu za ubwino wa madzi. Njirayi sikuti imangowonjezera mphamvu zoyendetsera madzi ku Vietnam komanso imapereka mayankho obwerezabwereza kwa anansi aku Southeast Asia omwe akukumana ndi mavuto ofanana. Ndi kusintha kwa nzeru ndi kuchepetsa ndalama, ntchito zitha kufalikira ku ulimi wa nsomba, kuyang'anira zinyalala zamafakitale ndi magawo ena amalonda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu pazachuma.

Tikhozanso kupereka njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera mavutowa

1. Chida chogwiritsira ntchito m'manja cha ubwino wa madzi okhala ndi magawo ambiri

2. Dongosolo loyandama la Buoy la ubwino wa madzi okhala ndi magawo ambiri

3. Burashi yoyeretsera yokha ya sensa yamadzi yokhala ndi magawo ambiri

4. Seti yonse ya ma seva ndi mapulogalamu opanda zingwe, imathandizira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza masensa a madzi,

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