Kugwiritsa Ntchito Bwino ndi Zokhudza Magetsi a Mvula M'mayiko Omwe Ali ndi Nyengo za Mvula

Mawonekedwe a Plum Rain Season ndi Zofunikira Zowunikira Mvula

Mvula ya plum (Meiyu) ndi mvula yapadera yomwe idachitika kumpoto kwa mvula yam'chilimwe ku East Asia, makamaka yomwe imakhudza mtsinje wa Yangtze ku China, chilumba cha Honshu ku Japan, ndi South Korea. Malinga ndi muyezo wadziko lonse la China "Meiyu Monitoring Indicators" (GB/T 33671-2017), madera amvula aku China amatha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: Jiangnan (I), Middle-Lower Yangtze (II), ndi Jianghuai (III), lililonse limakhala ndi masiku oyambira - madera a Jiangnan amatsatiridwa ndi nyengo yapakati pa Juni-9, nthawi zambiri amalowa mu June-9. Yangtze pa June 14, ndi Jianghuai pa June 23. Kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira koyang'anira mvula mosalekeza, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ma geji amvula.

Nyengo yamvula ya 2025 idawonetsa momwe zimayambira koyambirira - madera a Jiangnan ndi Middle-Lower Yangtze adalowa Meiyu pa Juni 7 (masiku 2-7 m'mbuyomu kuposa masiku onse), pomwe dera la Jianghuai lidayamba pa June 19 (masiku 4 koyambirira). Kufika koyambirira kumeneku kunakulitsa changu chopewa kusefukira. Mvula yamapulamu imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, kulimba kwambiri, komanso kufalikira kwakukulu—mwachitsanzo, mvula ya 2024’s Middle-Lower Yangtze inaposa 50% ya mbiri yakale, ndipo madera ena akukumana ndi “ziwawa za Meiyu” zomwe zikuchititsa kusefukira kwamadzi. Pamenepa, kuyang'anira mvula molondola kumakhala kofunika kwambiri popanga zisankho za kuthetsa kusefukira kwa madzi.

Kuwona mvula pamanja kumakhala ndi malire ake: kuyeza kocheperako (nthawi zambiri 1-2 tsiku lililonse), kutumiza kwa data pang'onopang'ono, komanso kulephera kujambula mvula yamphamvu kwakanthawi kochepa. Zoyezera mvula zamakono zodziwikiratu pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe kapena mfundo zoyezera zimathandizira kuwunika kwa mphindi ndi mphindi kapena chiwiri ndi chiwiri, ndikutumiza kwa data munthawi yeniyeni kumathandizira kwambiri kulondola kwake komanso nthawi yake. Mwachitsanzo, makina opimitsira mvula ku Yongkang's Sanduxi Reservoir ku Zhejiang amayika deta mwachindunji pamapulatifomu a hydrological, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mvula imagwa bwino.

Zovuta zazikulu zaukadaulo ndi izi: kusunga kulondola pakagwa mvula yambiri (mwachitsanzo, 660mm m'masiku atatu ku Hubei's Taiping Town mu 2025—1/3 ya mvula yapachaka); kudalirika kwa zida m'malo achinyezi; ndi kuyimitsidwa koyimilira m'malo ovuta. Zoyezera mvula zamakono zimayang'ana izi ndi zida zosapanga dzimbiri zothana ndi dzimbiri, kuperewera kwa ndowa zapawiri, ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa. Ma netiweki wandiweyani omwe ali ndi IoT monga makina a Zhejiang a "Digital Levee" amasintha mvula mphindi 5 zilizonse kuchokera kumasiteshoni 11.

Zochititsa chidwi, kusintha kwa nyengo kukukulirakulira ku Meiyu—mvula ya Meiyu ya 2020 inali 120% kuposa avareji (yokwera kwambiri kuyambira 1961), zomwe zimafuna ma geji a mvula okhala ndi miyeso yotakata, kukana mphamvu, komanso kufalikira kodalirika. Deta ya Meiyu imathandizanso kafukufuku wanyengo, kudziwitsa njira zosinthira nthawi yayitali.

Ntchito Zatsopano ku China

Dziko la China lapanga njira zowunikira mvula kuyambira pazowonera zakale kupita ku mayankho anzeru a IoT, ma geji amvula akusintha kukhala ma netiweki anzeru a hydrological.

Digital Flood Control Networks

Dongosolo la "Digital Levee" la Xiuzhou District limapereka zitsanzo zamakono. Kuphatikiza ma geji amvula ndi masensa ena a hydrological, imakweza data mphindi 5 zilizonse papulatifomu yoyang'anira. "M'mbuyomu, tinkayezera mvula pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito masilinda omaliza - osagwira ntchito komanso owopsa usiku. Tsopano, mapulogalamu am'manja amapereka zenizeni zenizeni zenizeni," adatero Jiang Jianming, Wachiwiri kwa Director wa Wangdian Town's Agricultural Office. Izi zimalola ogwira ntchito kuyang'ana kwambiri njira zoyeserera ngati kuyendera ma dike, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi kusefukira kwamadzi ndi 50%.

Ku Tongxiang City, dongosolo la "Smart Waterlogging Control" limaphatikiza deta yochokera ku malo 34 a telemetry ndi zolosera zam'madzi za maola 72 zoyendetsedwa ndi AI. M'nyengo ya Meiyu ya 2024's, idapereka malipoti 23 amvula, machenjezo 5 a kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi machenjezo awiri okwera kwambiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa gawo lofunika kwambiri la hydrology monga "maso ndi makutu" oletsa kusefukira. Deta ya miniti yoyezera mvula imayenderana ndi kuwunika kwa radar/satellite, kupanga mawonekedwe owunikira amitundumitundu.

Ntchito Zosungiramo madzi ndi Zaulimi

Poyang'anira gwero lamadzi, Yongkang's Sanduxi Reservoir imagwiritsa ntchito ma geji odzichitira panthambi 8 za ngalande pamodzi ndi miyeso yapamanja kuti ikwaniritse ulimi wothirira. "Kuphatikizira njira kumatsimikizira kugawika kwamadzi kwanzeru ndikuwongolera zowongolera zokha," adatero woyang'anira Lou Qinghua. Deta yamvula imadziwitsa mwachindunji ndondomeko ya ulimi wothirira ndi kugawa madzi.

Kumayambiriro kwa 2025's Meiyu, Hubei's Water Sciences Institute idagwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera zenizeni za kusefukira kwa madzi kuphatikiza kulosera zanyengo kwa maola 24/72 ndi data ya malo osungira madzi. Kuyambitsa mafananidwe 26 a mkuntho ndikuthandizira misonkhano isanu yadzidzidzi, kudalirika kwadongosolo kumadalira miyeso yolondola ya mvula.

Kupita patsogolo Kwaukadaulo

Zoyezera mvula zamakono zimaphatikizanso zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri:

1. Kuyeza kophatikizana: Kuphatikizira chidebe chowongolera ndi mfundo zoyezera kuti zikhale zolondola pamlingo wokulirapo (0.1-300mm/h), pothana ndi mvula ya Meiyu.
2. Zodzitchinjiriza Zodzitchinjiriza: Masensa akupanga ndi zokutira za hydrophobic zimalepheretsa kudzikundikira kwa zinyalala-zofunika kwambiri pamvula yamkuntho ya Meiyu. Kampani ya Oki Electric yaku Japan inanena kuti 90% yachepetsa kukonza ndi makina otere.
3. Edge Computing: Pazida zosefera zosefera pazida ndikuzindikiritsa zochitika zowopsa kwanuko, kuwonetsetsa kudalirika ngakhale kusokoneza maukonde.
4. Kuphatikiza kwa Multi-Parameter: Malo ophatikizika aku South Korea amayezera mvula motsatira chinyezi/kutentha, kuwongolera maulosi okhudzana ndi kugwa kwa nthaka okhudzana ndi Meiyu.

Mavuto ndi Njira Zamtsogolo

Ngakhale kupita patsogolo, zolepheretsa zikupitilira:

• Zovuta Kwambiri: "Meiyu wachiwawa" wa 2024 ku Anhui adadzaza mphamvu ya 300mm / h
• Kuphatikiza Data: Makina osiyanasiyana amalepheretsa kulosera za kusefukira kwamadzi m'madera osiyanasiyana
• Kumidzi: Madera akutali amapiri alibe malo okwanira oti muwawonere

Mayankho omwe akubwera ndi awa:

1. Drone-Deployed Mobile Gauges: MWR waku China adayesa zida zonyamulira za UAV kuti zitumizidwe mwachangu panthawi ya kusefukira kwa 2025
2. Kutsimikizira kwa Blockchain: Ntchito zoyeserera ku Zhejiang zimatsimikizira kusasinthika kwa data pazisankho zazikulu
3. Kuneneratu Kwamphamvu kwa AI: Mtundu watsopano wa Shanghai umachepetsa ma alarm abodza ndi 40% kudzera pakuphunzira pamakina

Ndi kusintha kwa nyengo kukukulitsa kusinthika kwa Meiyu, mibadwo yotsatira idzafunika:

• Kukhazikika kwamphamvu (IP68 yotsekereza madzi, -30°C~70°C ntchito)
• Miyezo yokulirapo (0~500mm/h)
• Kuphatikizana kolimba ndi maukonde a IoT/5G

Monga momwe Mtsogoleri Jiang akunenera kuti: “Chimene chinayamba monga kuyeza mvula kophweka chakhala maziko a ulamuliro wanzeru wa madzi.” Kuyambira pakuwongolera kusefukira kwamadzi kupita ku kafukufuku wanyengo, zoyezera mvula zimakhalabe zida zofunika kwambiri pakupirira madera amvula.

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