Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Zotsatira za Kuyeza Mvula M'maiko Omwe Ali ndi Nyengo za Mvula ya Plum

Zizindikiro za Nyengo ya Mvula ya Plum ndi Zofunikira Zowunikira Mvula

Mvula ya plum (Meiyu) ndi mvula yapadera yomwe imachitika kumpoto kwa East Asia, makamaka m'chigawo cha Mtsinje wa Yangtze ku China, Chilumba cha Honshu ku Japan, ndi South Korea. Malinga ndi muyezo wa dziko la China wa "Meiyu Monitoring Indicators" (GB/T 33671-2017), madera amvula ya plum ku China akhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: Jiangnan (I), Middle-Lower Yangtze (II), ndi Jianghuai (III), iliyonse ili ndi masiku osiyana oyambira—dera la Jiangnan nthawi zambiri limalowa mu nyengo ya Meiyu koyamba pa June 9 pa avareji, kutsatiridwa ndi Middle-Lower Yangtze pa June 14, ndi Jianghuai pa June 23. Kusiyanasiyana kwa malo ndi nthawi kumapangitsa kufunikira kwa kuwunika kwa mvula kosalekeza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito ma gauge a mvula.

Nyengo ya mvula ya plum ya 2025 inasonyeza momwe zinthu zikuyendera msanga—madera a Jiangnan ndi Middle-Lower Yangtze analowa mu Meiyu pa June 7 (masiku 2-7 kale kuposa masiku onse), pomwe chigawo cha Jianghuai chinayamba pa June 19 (masiku 4 kale). Kufika msanga kumeneku kunawonjezera kufunika kopewa kusefukira kwa madzi. Kugwa kwa mvula ya plum kumakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, mphamvu zambiri, komanso kufalikira m'madera ambiri—mwachitsanzo, mvula ya 2024 Middle-Lower Yangtze inapitirira avareji yakale ndi oposa 50%, ndipo madera ena anali ndi "Meiyu yamphamvu" yomwe inachititsa kusefukira kwa madzi. Pachifukwa ichi, kuyang'anira bwino mvula kumakhala maziko opangira zisankho zoletsa kusefukira kwa madzi.

Kuwona mvula mwachizolowezi pamanja kuli ndi zoletsa zazikulu: kuchuluka kochepa koyezera (nthawi zambiri kamodzi kapena kawiri patsiku), kutumiza deta pang'onopang'ono, komanso kulephera kupeza mvula yambiri kwakanthawi kochepa. Zipangizo zamakono zoyezera mvula zokha zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito chidebe chodulira kapena mfundo zoyezera zimathandiza kuwunika mphindi ndi mphindi kapena ngakhale sekondi ndi sekondi, ndipo kutumiza deta nthawi yeniyeni popanda zingwe kumathandizira kwambiri kuti igwire bwino ntchito komanso molondola. Mwachitsanzo, makina oyezera mvula odulira chidebe chodulira ku Yongkang's Sanduxi Reservoir ku Zhejiang amatumiza deta mwachindunji ku nsanja zamadzi zachigawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwunika mvula "kosavuta komanso kogwira mtima".

Mavuto akuluakulu aukadaulo ndi awa: kusunga kulondola panthawi yamvula yamphamvu (monga 660mm m'masiku atatu ku Taiping Town ku Hubei mu 2025—gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mvula pachaka); kudalirika kwa zida m'malo ozizira; ndi malo oimikapo malo oimikapo malo m'malo ovuta. Zipangizo zamakono zoyezera mvula zimathetsa vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosapanga dzimbiri zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri, kuchulukitsidwa kwa zidebe ziwiri, ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa. Ma network okhuthala othandizidwa ndi IoT monga makina a Zhejiang a "Digital Levee" amasintha deta ya mvula mphindi 5 zilizonse kuchokera ku malo 11.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kusintha kwa nyengo kukukulirakulira kwambiri ku Meiyu—mvula ya Meiyu ya mu 2020 inali 120% kuposa avareji (yokwera kwambiri kuyambira mu 1961), ikufuna miyeso yokwanira ya mvula yokhala ndi miyeso yokulirapo, kukana kukhudzidwa, komanso kufalikira kodalirika. Deta ya Meiyu imathandizanso kafukufuku wa nyengo, zomwe zimathandiza njira zosinthira nyengo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mapulogalamu Atsopano ku China

China yapanga njira zowunikira mvula kuyambira pakuwona kwachikhalidwe ndi manja mpaka njira zanzeru za IoT, pomwe ma gauge amvula akusintha kukhala malo ofunikira kwambiri pamaukonde anzeru amadzi.

Maukonde Olamulira Kusefukira kwa Madzi a Digito

Dongosolo la Xiuzhou District la "Digital Levee" limapereka chitsanzo cha ntchito zamakono. Pophatikiza ma gauge a mvula ndi masensa ena amadzi, limatumiza deta mphindi 5 zilizonse ku nsanja yoyang'anira. "Kale, tinkayesa mvula pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito masilinda okhazikika - osagwira ntchito bwino komanso oopsa usiku. Tsopano, mapulogalamu am'manja amapereka deta yeniyeni m'mabowo onse," adatero Jiang Jianming, Wachiwiri kwa Mtsogoleri wa Ofesi ya Zaulimi ya Wangdian Town. Izi zimathandiza ogwira ntchito kuyang'ana kwambiri njira zodziwira ngati kuwunika ma dike, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yothana ndi kusefukira kwa madzi ndi 50%.

Ku Tongxiang City, dongosolo la "Smart Waterlogging Control" limaphatikiza deta kuchokera ku malo 34 owonetsera ma telemetry ndi kulosera kwa madzi kwa maola 72 pogwiritsa ntchito AI. Mu nyengo ya Meiyu ya 2024, idapereka malipoti 23 a mvula, machenjezo 5 a kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi machenjezo awiri a kusefukira kwa madzi, zomwe zikuwonetsa udindo wofunikira wa hydrology ngati "maso ndi makutu" pakulamulira kusefukira kwa madzi. Deta ya mphindi imodzi yoyezera mvula imathandizira kuwona kwa radar/satellite, ndikupanga njira yowunikira yambiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Posungira Madzi ndi Ulimi

Poyang'anira madzi, Sanduxi Reservoir ya Yongkang imagwiritsa ntchito ma gauge odziyimira pawokha pa nthambi 8 za ngalande pamodzi ndi miyeso yamanja kuti ulimi wothirira ukhale wabwino. "Kuphatikiza njira kumathandizira kuti madzi agawidwe bwino komanso kukonza njira yowunikira madzi," adatero manejala Lou Qinghua. Deta ya mvula imafotokoza mwachindunji nthawi yothirira komanso kugawa madzi.

Mu 2025's Meiyu, Hubei's Water Sciences Institute idagwiritsa ntchito njira yolosera zam'madzi yeniyeni yophatikiza kulosera zam'mlengalenga maola 24/72 ndi deta ya malo osungiramo madzi. Poyambitsa ma simulation 26 a mphepo yamkuntho ndikuthandizira misonkhano 5 yadzidzidzi, kudalirika kwa dongosololi kumadalira kuyeza molondola kwa mvula.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Ukadaulo

Zipangizo zamakono zoyezera mvula zimaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zofunika:

1. Kuyeza Kosakanikirana: Kuphatikiza mfundo zoyezera ndi zoyezera kuti zisunge kulondola pa mphamvu (0.1-300mm/h), kuthana ndi mvula yosinthasintha ya Meiyu.
2. Mapangidwe Odziyeretsa: Masensa a Ultrasonic ndi zokutira zotsutsana ndi madzi zimaletsa kusonkhanitsa zinyalala—zofunika kwambiri panthawi yamvula yambiri ya Meiyu. Oki Electric yaku Japan ikunena kuti kukonza zinthu kuchepetsedwa ndi 90% ndi makina otere.
3. Kuwerengera kwa Edge: Kukonza deta pa chipangizo kumasefa phokoso ndikuzindikira zochitika zoopsa kwambiri m'deralo, kuonetsetsa kuti kudalirika ngakhale pakakhala kusokonezeka kwa netiweki.
4. Kuphatikiza Zinthu Zambiri: Malo ochitira misonkhano ku South Korea amayesa mvula pamodzi ndi chinyezi/kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe malinga ndi Meiyu.

Mavuto ndi Malangizo Amtsogolo

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zapita patsogolo, zoletsa zikupitirirabe:

• Mavuto Oopsa: "Meiyu" ya 2024 ku Anhui inadzaza mphamvu ya ma gauge ena ya 300mm/h
• Kuphatikiza Deta: Machitidwe osiyanasiyana akulepheretsa kulosera za kusefukira kwa madzi m'madera osiyanasiyana
• Kufalikira kwa Anthu Akumidzi: Madera akutali a m'mapiri alibe malo okwanira owunikira

Mayankho atsopano ndi awa:

1. Ma Gauge Oyenda Omwe Anagwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Drone: MWR yaku China idayesa ma gauge omwe anali ndi UAV kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mwachangu panthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi mu 2025
2. Kutsimikizira kwa Blockchain: Mapulojekiti oyeserera ku Zhejiang amatsimikizira kusasinthika kwa deta pazisankho zofunika
3. Kuneneratu Mothandizidwa ndi AI: Mtundu watsopano wa Shanghai wachepetsa ma alarm abodza ndi 40% kudzera mu kuphunzira kwa makina

Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukukulitsa kusinthasintha kwa Meiyu, mibadwo yotsatira idzafunika:

• Kulimba kwamphamvu (IP68 yoteteza madzi, -30°C ~ 70°C ntchito)
• Miyeso yokulirapo (0~500mm/h)
• Kuphatikiza kolimba ndi maukonde a IoT/5G

Monga momwe Mtsogoleri Jiang akunenera: “Chomwe chinayamba ngati njira yosavuta yoyezera mvula chakhala maziko a kayendetsedwe ka madzi mwanzeru.” Kuyambira pakuletsa kusefukira kwa madzi mpaka kafukufuku wa nyengo, zida zoyezera mvula zimakhalabe zida zofunika kwambiri pakupirira mvula m'madera amvula.

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