Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kothandiza ndi Kusanthula Zotsatira za Ma Doppler Radar Sensors ku Indonesia

Mapulogalamu Opambana Othandizira Kupulumutsa Masoka

Popeza dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lomwe lili m'mphepete mwa Pacific Ring of Fire, Indonesia ikukumana ndi ziwopsezo zosalekeza chifukwa cha zivomezi, ma tsunami, ndi masoka ena achilengedwe. Njira zofufuzira ndi kupulumutsa anthu nthawi zambiri sizigwira ntchito bwino pazochitika zovuta monga kugwa kwathunthu kwa nyumba, komwe ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito radar womwe umachokera ku Doppler umapereka mayankho atsopano. Mu 2022, gulu lofufuza la ku Taiwan ndi Indonesia linapanga njira ya radar yomwe imatha kuzindikira kupuma kwa opulumuka kudzera m'makoma a konkire, zomwe zikuyimira kulumpha kwakukulu mu luso lozindikira moyo pambuyo pa tsoka.

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa ukadaulowu kukhala wamakono ndi kuphatikiza kwa radar ya Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) ndi ma algorithms apamwamba opangira ma signal. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zoyezera molondola kuti lithetse kusokonezeka kwa ma signal kuchokera ku zinyalala: yoyamba imayesa ndikulipira kusokonekera komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zopinga zazikulu, pomwe yachiwiri imayang'ana kwambiri kuzindikira mayendedwe osavuta a pachifuwa (nthawi zambiri 0.5-1.5 cm amplitude) kuchokera pakupuma mpaka kupeza malo opulumuka. Mayeso a labotale akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa dongosololi kulowa m'makoma a konkriti okwana 40 cm ndikupeza kupuma mpaka mamita 3.28 kumbuyo, ndi kulondola kwa malo mkati mwa ±3.375 cm - kuposa zida zodziwika bwino zodziwira moyo.

Kugwira ntchito bwino kunatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu zochitika zoyeserera zopulumutsa. Ndi odzipereka anayi omwe adayikidwa kumbuyo kwa makoma a konkire okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, makinawa adazindikira bwino zizindikiro zonse za kupuma kwa anthu omwe adayesedwa, kusunga magwiridwe antchito odalirika ngakhale pansi pa khoma lovuta kwambiri la masentimita 40. Njira yosakhudzana ndi izi imachotsa kufunikira kwa opulumutsa kulowa m'malo oopsa, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri zoopsa za kuvulala kwina. Mosiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe zoyatsira mawu, infrared kapena kuwala, Doppler radar imagwira ntchito yokhayokha popanda mdima, utsi kapena phokoso, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ntchito ya maola 24 pa sabata ichitike nthawi yofunika kwambiri yopulumutsa anthu ya "maola 72".

Gome: Kuyerekeza Magwiridwe Antchito a Ukadaulo Wozindikira Moyo Wolowerera

Phindu lamakono la dongosololi limapitirira kufunikira kwaukadaulo mpaka kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Chipangizo chonsecho chili ndi zigawo zitatu zokha: gawo la radar la FMCW, gawo laling'ono la compact computing, ndi batri ya lithiamu ya 12V - zonse zosakwana 10kg kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi munthu m'modzi. Kapangidwe kopepuka aka kakugwirizana bwino ndi malo ozungulira a Indonesia komanso momwe zomangamanga zake zinawonongeka. Mapulani ophatikiza ukadaulo ndi ma drones ndi nsanja za robotic adzakulitsa kufikira kwake m'malo omwe sangafikire.

Malinga ndi anthu, radar yopezera moyo ingalimbikitse kwambiri mphamvu za ku Indonesia zothana ndi masoka. Pa chivomerezi cha 2018 ku Palu-tsunami, njira zachikhalidwe sizinagwire ntchito bwino pa zinyalala za konkire, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti anthu omwe anavulala aphedwe mosavuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulowu kungathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe anapulumuka ndi 30-50% m'masoka ofanana, zomwe zingapulumutse miyoyo yambiri kapena yambiri. Monga momwe Pulofesa Aloyius Adya Pramudita wa ku Telkom University ku Indonesia adanenera, cholinga chachikulu cha ukadaulowu chikugwirizana bwino ndi njira yochepetsera mavuto ya National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB): "kuchepetsa imfa ya anthu ndikufulumizitsa kuchira."

Ntchito zogulitsa zikuyenda bwino, ndipo ofufuza akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi ogwira nawo ntchito m'makampani osiyanasiyana kuti asinthe chitsanzo cha labotale kukhala zida zolimba zopulumutsira anthu. Poganizira za zivomerezi zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri ku Indonesia (pafupifupi kugwedezeka kwa 5,000+ pachaka), ukadaulowu ukhoza kukhala zida zodziwika bwino za BNPB ndi mabungwe oteteza masoka m'madera osiyanasiyana. Gulu lofufuza likuyerekeza kuti ntchito yotumiza zinthu m'munda ipitirire mkati mwa zaka ziwiri, ndipo ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana zikuyembekezeka kuchepa kuchoka pa chitsanzo cha $15,000 chomwe chilipo pano kufika pa $5,000 pamlingo womwewo - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maboma am'deralo azitha kugwiritsa ntchito m'zigawo 34 za Indonesia.

Mapulogalamu Oyendetsera Mayendedwe Anzeru

Kuchulukana kwa magalimoto ku Jakarta (komwe kuli pa nambala 7 koipa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi) kwayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwatsopano kwa radar ya Doppler mumayendedwe anzeru. Pulogalamu ya "Smart City 4.0" ya mzindawu ikuphatikiza masensa opitilira 800 a radar pamalo olumikizirana ofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti:

• Kuchepetsa kwa 30% kwa kuchulukana kwa anthu nthawi yachangu kudzera mu ulamuliro wosintha wa chizindikiro
• Kuwonjezeka kwa 12% pa liwiro lapakati la magalimoto (kuchokera pa 18 mpaka 20.2 km/h)
• Kuchepa kwa masekondi 45 kwa nthawi yodikira pakati pa malo olumikizirana oyendetsa ndege

Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito luso lapamwamba la 24GHz Doppler radar pamvula ya m'madera otentha (99% kuzindikira molondola poyerekeza ndi 85% ya makamera akagwa mvula yambiri) kuti lizitsatira liwiro la galimoto, kuchulukana kwake, ndi kutalika kwa mzere nthawi yeniyeni. Kuphatikiza deta ndi Jakarta's Traffic Management Center kumathandiza kusintha nthawi ya chizindikiro mphindi 2-5 zilizonse kutengera kuchuluka kwa magalimoto m'malo mwa nthawi yokhazikika.

Phunziro la Nkhani: Kukonza Khonde la Msewu wa Gatot Subroto

• Masensa 28 a radar aikidwa pamtunda wa makilomita 4.3
• Zizindikiro zosinthika zimachepetsa nthawi yoyenda kuchokera pa mphindi 25 mpaka 18
• Kutulutsa kwa CO₂ kunachepa ndi matani 1.2 patsiku
• Kuphwanya malamulo a pamsewu kwachepa ndi 35% kudzera mu malamulo odziyimira pawokha

Kuyang'anira Madzi Popewa Kusefukira kwa Madzi

Machenjezo oyambirira a kusefukira kwa madzi ku Indonesia aphatikiza ukadaulo wa radar wa Doppler m'mabowo akuluakulu 18 a mitsinje. Pulojekiti ya bowo la Mtsinje wa Ciliwung ikupereka chitsanzo cha izi:

• Malo 12 oyezera liwiro la pamwamba pa madzi amayesa kuthamanga kwa madzi mphindi 5 zilizonse
• Kuphatikiza ndi masensa amadzi a ultrasonic kuti awerengere kutulutsa madzi
• Deta yotumizidwa kudzera pa GSM/LoRaWAN kupita ku zitsanzo zapakati zolosera kusefukira kwa madzi
• Nthawi yochenjeza yoperekedwa ku Greater Jakarta yawonjezeka kuchokera pa maola awiri mpaka asanu ndi limodzi.

Muyeso wa radar wosakhudza madzi umakhala wofunika kwambiri makamaka nthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi komwe madzi amasefukira chifukwa cha zinyalala pomwe mita yamagetsi yachikhalidwe imalephera. Kuyika pa milatho kumapewa ngozi m'madzi pomwe kumapereka kuyang'anira kosalekeza popanda kukhudzidwa ndi kutayikira kwa madzi.

Kusunga Nkhalango ndi Kuteteza Zinyama Zakuthengo

Mu malo osungira zinthu a Leuser ku Sumatra (malo otsiriza okhala anyani a ku Sumatra), radar ya Doppler imathandiza mu:

1. Kuyang'anira Kusagwira Ntchito ndi Mphepete mwa Madzi

• Radar ya 60GHz imazindikira mayendedwe a anthu kudzera m'masamba okhuthala
• Amasiyanitsa osaka nyama ndi nyama ndi kulondola kwa 92%
• Imaphimba mtunda wa 5km pa unit (motsutsana ndi 500m ya makamera a infrared)

2. Kuwunika Denga

• Radar ya mafunde a millimeter imayang'ana momwe mitengo imagwedera
• Amazindikira ntchito yodula mitengo mosaloledwa nthawi yeniyeni
• Yachepetsa kudula mitengo kosaloledwa ndi 43% m'malo oyesera

Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwa dongosololi (15W/sensa) kumalola kuti magetsi azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzuwa m'malo akutali, kutumiza machenjezo kudzera pa satellite akazindikira zinthu zokayikitsa.

Mavuto ndi Malangizo Amtsogolo

Ngakhale kuti zotsatira zake zinali zabwino, kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi kwa anthu ambiri kukukumana ndi zopinga zingapo pakukhazikitsa njira imeneyi:

1. Zolepheretsa Zaukadaulo

• Chinyezi chochuluka (>80% RH) chingachepetse zizindikiro zamafupipafupi apamwamba
• Malo okhala m'mizinda yodzaza amachititsa kuti njira zambiri zisokonezeke
• Ukadaulo wochepa waukadaulo wa m'deralo wokonza zinthu

2. Zinthu Zachuma

• Mtengo wa sensor wamakono ($3,000-$8,000 pa unit) umakhudza bajeti zakomweko
• Kuwerengera kwa ROI sikukudziwika bwino kwa maboma omwe ali ndi vuto la ndalama
• Kudalira ogulitsa akunja pazinthu zazikulu

3. Zovuta za Bungwe

• Kugawana deta pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana kukupitirirabe kukhala vuto
• Kusowa kwa njira zokhazikika zolumikizira deta ya radar
• Kuchedwa kwa malamulo pakugawa kwa ma spectrum

Mayankho atsopano ndi awa:

• Kupanga makina a 77GHz osagwira chinyezi
• Kukhazikitsa malo osonkhanira anthu am'deralo kuti achepetse ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito
• Kupanga mapulogalamu ophunzitsa anthu za boma, maphunziro ndi makampani
• Kukhazikitsa njira zoyambira pang'onopang'ono kuyambira madera omwe ali ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu

Ntchito zamtsogolo zomwe zikubwera zikuphatikizapo:

• Ma radar opangidwa ndi ma drone kuti awone ngati pali ngozi
• Makina odziwira matope okhazikika okha
• Kuyang'anira malo osodza mwanzeru kuti mupewe kusodza mopitirira muyeso
• Kutsata kukokoloka kwa nthaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja motsatira molondola mafunde a millimeter

Ndi ndalama zoyenera komanso chithandizo cha mfundo, ukadaulo wa radar wa Doppler ukhoza kukhala maziko a kusintha kwa digito ku Indonesia, ndikuwonjezera kulimba mtima m'zilumba zake 17,000 ndikupanga mwayi watsopano wantchito zaukadaulo wapamwamba m'deralo. Chidziwitso cha ku Indonesia chikuwonetsa momwe ukadaulo wapamwamba wowunikira ungasinthidwire kuti uthane ndi mavuto apadera a mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ukagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira zoyenera zopezera malo.

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