Pulofesa wa polytechnic akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito deta ya malo ochitira nyengo kuti alosere kupezeka kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa

Zambiri za nyengo zakhala zikuthandiza akatswiri oneneratu za mitambo, mvula ndi mphepo yamkuntho kwa nthawi yayitali. Lisa Bozeman wa Purdue Polytechnic Institute akufuna kusintha izi kuti eni ake amagetsi ndi makina a dzuwa athe kuneneratu nthawi ndi komwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kudzawonekera, motero, kuwonjezera kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa.
“Sikuti thambo ndi lobiriwira kokha,” anatero Boseman, pulofesa wothandizira yemwe adapeza digiri ya PhD mu uinjiniya wamafakitale. “Komanso ndi nkhani yokhudza kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi.”
Bozeman akufufuza momwe deta ya nyengo ingaphatikizidwire ndi deta ina yomwe ikupezeka pagulu kuti ikonze momwe gridi ya dziko lonse imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito bwino poneneratu molondola kupanga mphamvu ya dzuwa. Makampani othandizira nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto lokwaniritsa zosowa nthawi yachilimwe yotentha komanso yozizira kwambiri.
"Pakadali pano, njira zochepa zowonera ndi kukonza mphamvu ya dzuwa zilipo kwa makampani akuluakulu okhudzana ndi momwe mphamvu ya dzuwa imakhudzira gridi yamagetsi tsiku ndi tsiku," adatero Bozeman. "Mwa kudziwa momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito deta yomwe ilipo poyesa kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, tikuyembekeza kuthandiza gridi yamagetsi. Opanga zisankho zoyang'anira amatha kuyendetsa bwino nyengo yoipa komanso mapiri ndi zigwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu."
Mabungwe aboma, mabwalo a ndege ndi owulutsa nkhani amawunika momwe mlengalenga ulili nthawi yeniyeni. Zambiri za nyengo zomwe zilipo pano zimasonkhanitsidwanso ndi anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizidwa ndi intaneti zomwe zayikidwa m'nyumba zawo. Kuphatikiza apo, deta imasonkhanitsidwa ndi ma satellite a NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) ndi NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Deta yochokera m'malo osiyanasiyana owonetsera nyengo imaphatikizidwa ndikuperekedwa kwa anthu onse.
Gulu lofufuza la Bozeman likufufuza njira zophatikizira chidziwitso cha nthawi yeniyeni ndi deta yakale ya nyengo kuchokera ku National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), kuyesera kwakukulu kwa dziko lonse kwa US Department of Energy pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu. NREL imapanga deta yotchedwa Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) yomwe imapereka mphamvu za dzuwa ndi zinthu za nyengo pa ola limodzi pachaka. Deta ya TMY NREL ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa momwe nyengo imakhalira pamalo enaake kwa nthawi yayitali.
Pofuna kupanga deta ya TMY, NREL inatenga deta ya malo okwerera nyengo kuyambira zaka 50 mpaka 100 zapitazi, n’kuiyerekeza ndi kupeza mwezi womwe unali pafupi kwambiri ndi avareji, anatero Boseman. Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu ndikuphatikiza deta iyi ndi deta yomwe ilipo kuchokera kumalo okwerera nyengo m’dziko lonselo kuti ilosere kutentha ndi kupezeka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa m’malo enaake, mosasamala kanthu kuti malo amenewo ali pafupi kapena kutali ndi magwero a deta a nthawi yeniyeni.
"Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, tidzawerengera kusokonezeka komwe kungachitike pa gridi yamagetsi kuchokera ku makina a dzuwa omwe ali kumbuyo kwa mita," adatero Bozeman. "Ngati tingathe kulosera kupanga kwa dzuwa posachedwa, titha kuthandiza makampani akuluakulu kudziwa ngati akukumana ndi kusowa kwa magetsi kapena magetsi ochulukirapo."
Ngakhale kuti magetsi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zakale ndi zinthu zina zongowonjezwdwa kuti apange magetsi, eni nyumba ndi mabizinesi ena amapanga mphamvu ya dzuwa kapena ya mphepo pamalopo kumbuyo kwa mita. Ngakhale kuti malamulo oyesera magetsi amasiyana malinga ndi boma, nthawi zambiri amafuna magetsi kuti agule magetsi ochulukirapo opangidwa ndi ma photovoltaic panels a makasitomala. Chifukwa chake pamene mphamvu ya dzuwa yochulukirapo ikupezeka pa gridi, kafukufuku wa Bozeman angathandizenso magetsi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zakale.