Miyendo ya Mvula ya Pulasitiki Yothira Chidebe Kukhala "Nerve Endings" ya Global Hydrological Monitoring Network, Kuthandiza Kulimbana ndi Mvula Yambiri.

[Frontiers in Global Hydrological Monitoring] Chifukwa cha kugwa kwamvula kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse lapansi, chipangizo chomwe chikuwoneka chosavuta koma chofunikira kwambiri, choyezera mvula cha pulasitiki - chikuyikidwa mochulukira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndikupanga "malekezero a mitsempha" yapadziko lonse lapansi yowunikira ma hydrological network. Kuyambira nyengo yamvula kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia mpaka nyengo zamkuntho ku America, zida zowunikira mvulazi zopangidwa kuchokera ku mapulasitiki apamwamba kwambiri zimapereka zidziwitso zenizeni zenizeni zopewera ndi kuchepetsa masoka, kasamalidwe ka madzi, komanso kafukufuku wanyengo.

Kuwonjezeka Komwe Kufunidwa: Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, South Asia monga Malo Ogwiritsa Ntchito, China Kupanga Kuwonetsa Ubwino

Ngakhale kulibe kusanja kovomerezeka kumayiko ena, malipoti amakampani ndi zidziwitso zogulira zikuwonetsa kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunikira kwamphamvu kwazitsulo zamvula zamapulasitiki kwakhala ku Southeast Asia (mwachitsanzo, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand) ndi South Asia (mwachitsanzo, India, Bangladesh). Maderawa ali ndi anthu ambiri, ulimi wawo umadalira kwambiri mvula, ndipo akukumana ndi ziwopsezo za kusefukira kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa zida zowunikira mvula zotsika mtengo, zodalirika, komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Pazofuna zapadziko lonse lapansi, "Made in China" imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. China chokhazikitsidwa bwino chamakampani opangira nkhungu zapulasitiki chimathandiza kupanga zoyezera mvula za pulasitiki zokhala ndi mtengo wokhazikika komanso wopikisana, kukwaniritsa zosowa za kutumizidwa kwa maukonde padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene.

Kusanthula Kwaukadaulo: Chifukwa Chiyani Kuphatikizika Kwabwino Kwambiri kwa "Pulasitiki" ndi "Tipping Chidebe"?

Nthawi zambiri zoyezera mvula zinali zopangidwa ndi zitsulo kapena magalasi, zomwe zimakhala zolimba koma zodula, zolemera, komanso zomwe zimatha kuchita dzimbiri. Kupambana kwa chidebe chamvula cha pulasitiki chagona pakupanga kwake mwanzeru komanso kusankha zinthu:

• Kulimbana ndi Corrosion Resistance ndi Opepuka: Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki apamwamba kwambiri ngati ABS kapena polycarbonate, amatha kukana dzimbiri m'malo ovuta kwambiri anyengo ndipo ndi opepuka kwambiri, omwe amathandizira kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza kumadera akutali.
• Zodzichitira ndi Kutha Kwanthawi Yeniyeni: Chigawo chachikulu ndi "chidebe chowongolera" cholondola. Nthawi iliyonse ikasonkhanitsa mvula yambiri (mwachitsanzo, 0.1 mm kapena 0.2 mm), chidebecho chimangowongolera, ndikuyambitsa chizindikiro chamagetsi. Chizindikirochi chitha kufalitsidwa munthawi yeniyeni kupita kumalo opangira ma data kudzera paukadaulo wamawaya kapena opanda zingwe (mwachitsanzo, 4G/5G, LoRa, NB-IoT), kukwaniritsa zosonkhanitsira zokha komanso kufalitsa kwakutali kwa data yamvula, kusintha kwambiri momwe amawerengera pamanja.
• Kupanga Chisankho Choyendetsedwa ndi Deta: M'zigwa za mtsinje wa Ganges ku India, ma network omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mvula amapereka chidziwitso cha mvula ya mphindi zochepa pamachenjezo a kusefukira kwa madzi, ndikugula nthawi yofunikira kuti asamuke m'matauni akumunsi. M'madera amapiri ku Philippines, deta ya mvula yeniyeni ndiyo maziko ofunikira popereka machenjezo a ngozi zakugwa kwa nthaka.

Mawonekedwe Ogwiritsa Ntchito: Kuchokera ku Urban Waterlogging Management kupita ku Smart Agriculture

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera mvula za ndowa za pulasitiki kwadutsa kwambiri momwe nyengo zimakhalira ndipo kukukulirakulira m'magawo ambiri opezera anthu:

1. Mizinda Yanzeru ndi Kuwongolera Chigumula: Kuyika ma geji amvula m'malo omwe amakhala ndi kusefukira kwamadzi m'matauni komanso malo ofunikira a ma network a ngalande amatha kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa mvula yamkuntho m'nthawi yeniyeni, kupereka maziko opangira zisankho zamapulatifomu amadzi am'mizinda ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito mwanzeru pamapampu komanso kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto.
2. Precision Agriculture and Water Resource Management: M'mafamu akuluakulu, kuphatikiza deta ya mvula ndi deta ya chinyezi m'nthaka kumathandiza alimi kukonzekera ndondomeko za ulimi wothirira, kusunga madzi. Pamlingo wamadzi, izi ndiye maziko asayansi pakukonza nkhokwe ndi kugawa madzi.
3. Kafukufuku wa Zanyengo ndi Kumanga Zomangamanga: Kugwa kwa mvula kwanthawi yayitali ndi kofunikira kwa asayansi omwe amafufuza zakusintha kwa mvula pakusintha kwanyengo ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonzanso kamangidwe kazinthu zazikulu monga milatho ndi madamu.

Tsogolo lamtsogolo: Kuphatikiza mu IoT, Kumanga Network Yophatikizana ya "Space-Sky-Ground" Perception

Akatswiri amakampani akuwonetsa kuti mtsogolo mtsogolomo mvula ya pulasitiki yothira ndowa sidzangokhala kachipangizo kodziyimira pawokha koma iphatikizanso mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu zamphamvu zamakompyuta zam'mphepete, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono, kukhala gawo mkati mwa intaneti yayikulu ya Zinthu (IoT). Pamodzi ndi nyengo ya radar ndi satellite sensing, apanga njira yophatikizira yowunikira mvula ya "Space-Sky-Ground", yopereka ntchito zolondola komanso zapanthawi yake kuti athe kuthana ndi kusintha kwanyengo.

Pamene kutsindika kwapadziko lonse pa kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa nyengo kukukulirakulira, kukula ndi kuya kwa kayezera kakang'ono ka mvula ka pulasitiki kameneka, mwala wapangodya wa kuwunika kwa hydrological, kukuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula.