Ma Gauge a Mvula a Chidebe Chopindika ndi Pulasitiki Akhala "Mapeto a Mitsempha" a Global Hydological Monitoring Network, Othandiza Kulimbana ndi Mvula Yambiri

[Malire a Kuwunika Madzi Padziko Lonse] Ngakhale kuti mvula imachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse, chipangizo chooneka ngati chosavuta koma chofunikira kwambiri—choyezera mvula ya pulasitiki—chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mozama kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kupanga “mapeto a mitsempha” ya netiweki yowunika madzi padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira nyengo yamvula ku Southeast Asia mpaka nyengo ya mphepo yamkuntho ku America, zipangizo zowunika mvulazi zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yopangidwa bwino kwambiri zikupereka deta yofunika kwambiri panthawi yeniyeni yopewera ndi kuchepetsa masoka, kasamalidwe ka madzi, ndi kafukufuku wa nyengo.

Kufunika Kwambiri: Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, Kumwera kwa Asia monga Malo Otchuka Ogwiritsira Ntchito, Kupanga kwa China Kukuwonetsa Ubwino

Ngakhale kuti palibe mndandanda wovomerezeka wa zofunikira m'dziko lomwelo, malipoti a makampani ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi unyolo wogulira zikusonyeza kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zida zoyezera mvula zapulasitiki kwakhala kwakukulu ku Southeast Asia (monga Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand) ndi South Asia (monga India, Bangladesh). Madera awa ali ndi anthu ambiri, ulimi wawo umadalira kwambiri mvula, ndipo akuvutika ndi ziwopsezo za kusefukira kwa madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zida zowunikira mvula zotsika mtengo, zodalirika kwambiri, komanso zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Pakufunidwa kwapadziko lonse, "Made in China" imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Unyolo wodziwika bwino wa mafakitale a pulasitiki ku China umathandiza kuti ipange ma gauge amvula a pulasitiki okhala ndi khalidwe lokhazikika komanso mitengo yopikisana, kukwaniritsa zosowa za kufalikira kwa maukonde ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'maiko osatukuka.

Kusanthula Kwaukadaulo: Chifukwa Chiyani Kuphatikizika Kwabwino kwa "Pulasitiki" ndi "Chidebe Chopondera"?

Zipangizo zoyezera mvula zachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zinkapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena galasi, zomwe zimakhala zolimba koma zokwera mtengo, zolemera, komanso zowononga dzimbiri. Kupambana kwa choyezera mvula cha pulasitiki chomwe chimapindika m'baketi lamvula kuli chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kaluso komanso kusankha zinthu:

• Kukana Kudzimbidwa ndi Kupepuka: Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki apamwamba kwambiri monga ABS kapena polycarbonate, amatha kupirira dzimbiri m'malo osiyanasiyana ovuta komanso opepuka kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuyika ndi kukonza m'madera akutali.
• Kutha Kwake ndi Kutha Kwake Pa Nthawi Yeniyeni: Gawo lalikulu ndi "chidebe chodumphira" cholondola. Nthawi iliyonse ikasonkhanitsa kuchuluka kwa mvula (monga 0.1 mm kapena 0.2 mm), chidebecho chimadumphira chokha, kuyambitsa chizindikiro chamagetsi. Chizindikirochi chikhoza kutumizidwa nthawi yeniyeni ku malo osungira deta kudzera muukadaulo wa waya kapena wopanda waya (monga 4G/5G, LoRa, NB-IoT), kukwaniritsa kusonkhanitsa deta ya mvula yokha komanso kutumiza deta yamvula patali, zomwe zimasintha kwambiri njira yowerengera yachikhalidwe.
• Kupanga Zisankho Zochokera ku Deta: M'zigwa za Mtsinje wa Ganges ku India, maukonde oyezera mvula ambiri amapereka deta ya mvula ya miniti kuti achenjeze za kusefukira kwa madzi, zomwe zimagula nthawi yofunikira yoti anthu asamuke m'matauni omwe ali pansi pa mtsinje. M'madera amapiri a ku Philippines, deta ya mvula yeniyeni ndiyo maziko ofunikira popereka machenjezo okhudza masoka a nthaka.

Zochitika Zogwiritsira Ntchito: Kuyambira pa Kasamalidwe ka Madzi Ochuluka M'mizinda mpaka pa Ulimi Wanzeru

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera mvula zapulasitiki kwapitirira malire a malo ochitira nyengo ndipo kukukulirakulira m'minda yambiri yopezera anthu ntchito:

1. Mizinda Yanzeru ndi Kuwongolera Kusefukira kwa Madzi: Kuyika zida zoyezera mvula pamalo omwe madzi amasefukira m'mizinda komanso malo ofunikira a maukonde otulutsira madzi kungayang'anire kukula kwa mvula yamkuntho ya m'deralo nthawi yeniyeni, kupereka maziko opangira zisankho zamapulatifomu amadzi anzeru am'mizinda ndikulola kuti malo opopera madzi anzeru azigwira ntchito komanso kuyang'anira magalimoto mwachangu.
2. Ulimi Wolondola ndi Kasamalidwe ka Madzi: M'mafamu akuluakulu, kuphatikiza deta ya mvula ndi deta ya chinyezi cha nthaka kumathandiza alimi kupanga ndondomeko yothirira moyenera, kusunga madzi. Pa mlingo wa madzi, deta iyi ndiyo maziko asayansi pa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito malo osungira madzi ndi kugawa madzi.
3. Kafukufuku wa Nyengo ndi Kapangidwe ka Zomangamanga: Deta ya mvula yambiri komanso yanthawi yayitali ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa asayansi omwe amaphunzira kusintha kwa machitidwe a mvula panthawi ya kusintha kwa nyengo ndipo ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yosinthira miyezo ya kapangidwe ka zomangamanga zazikulu monga milatho ndi madamu.

Chiyembekezo cha Mtsogolo: Kuphatikizana mu IoT, Kupanga Network Yogwirizana ya "Space-Sky-Ground" Perception

Akatswiri amakampani akunena kuti choyezera mvula cha pulasitiki chamtsogolo sichidzakhala choyezera chokha koma chidzaphatikizanso mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu zambiri zowerengera m'mphepete, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, kukhala node mkati mwa intaneti yayikulu ya Zinthu (IoT). Pamodzi ndi radar ya nyengo ndi sensa yakutali ya satellite, apanga netiweki yowunikira mvula ya "Space-Sky-Ground", yopereka ntchito zolondola komanso zanthawi yake "zoyang'anira" kuti athe kuthana ndi nyengo yosinthasintha kwambiri.

Pamene kugogomezera padziko lonse lapansi pa kuthekera kosintha nyengo kukupitilira kukula, kufalikira ndi kuzama kwa njira yoyezera mvula yaing'ono yapulasitiki iyi, yomwe ndi maziko owunikira madzi, ikuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula.