Pakuwunika nyengo ndi kuyang'anira chilengedwe, ndikofunikira kupeza deta yolondola komanso yanthawi yake. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, malo ambiri owonetsera nyengo amagwiritsa ntchito masensa a digito ndi njira zolumikizirana kuti akonze bwino kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza deta. Pakati pawo, protocol ya SDI-12 (Serial Data Interface pa 1200 baud) yakhala chisankho chofunikira kwambiri pa malo owonetsera nyengo chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake, kusinthasintha kwake komanso kugwira ntchito bwino.
1. Makhalidwe a protocol ya SDI-12
SDI-12 ndi njira yolumikizirana yotsatizana ya masensa amphamvu zochepa, yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zowunikira chilengedwe. Njirayi ili ndi zinthu zazikulu izi:
Kapangidwe ka mphamvu zochepa: Njira ya SDI-12 imalola masensa kulowa mu sleep mode akagwira ntchito, motero amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndipo ndi yoyenera zida zoyendetsedwa ndi batri.
Thandizo la masensa ambiri: Masensa okwana 62 akhoza kulumikizidwa ku basi ya SDI-12, ndipo deta ya sensa iliyonse imatha kuzindikirika ndi adilesi yapadera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe ka makina kakhale kosinthasintha.
Zosavuta kuphatikiza: Kukhazikitsa muyezo wa protocol ya SDI-12 kumalola masensa ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana kugwira ntchito mu dongosolo lomwelo, ndipo kuphatikiza ndi chosonkhanitsa deta ndikosavuta.
Kutumiza deta kokhazikika: SDI-12 imatumiza deta kudzera mu manambala a 12-bit, kuonetsetsa kuti detayo ndi yolondola komanso yodalirika.
2. Kapangidwe ka malo owonetsera nyengo a SDI-12
Malo owonetsera nyengo ozikidwa pa protocol ya SDI-12 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo otsatirawa:
Sensa: Gawo lofunika kwambiri la siteshoni ya nyengo, lomwe limasonkhanitsa deta ya nyengo kudzera mu masensa osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo masensa otenthetsera, masensa onyowa, masensa othamanga ndi owongolera mphepo, masensa owunikira mvula, ndi zina zotero. Masensa onse amathandizira protocol ya SDI-12.
Wosonkhanitsa deta: Ali ndi udindo wolandira deta ya sensa ndikuikonza. Wosonkhanitsa deta amatumiza zopempha ku sensa iliyonse kudzera mu protocol ya SDI-12 ndipo amalandira deta yobwezedwayo.
Chigawo chosungira deta: Deta yosonkhanitsidwa nthawi zambiri imasungidwa mu chipangizo chosungiramo deta chapafupi, monga khadi la SD, kapena kukwezedwa ku seva yamtambo kudzera pa netiweki yopanda zingwe kuti isungidwe ndi kusanthula kwa nthawi yayitali.
Gawo lotumizira deta: Malo ambiri amakono ochitira nyengo ali ndi ma module otumizira opanda zingwe, monga ma module a GPRS, LoRa kapena Wi-Fi, kuti athandize kutumiza deta nthawi yeniyeni ku nsanja yowunikira yakutali.
Kusamalira Mphamvu: Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti malo ochitira nyengo akugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali, njira zamagetsi zongowonjezwdwanso monga ma solar cell ndi mabatire a lithiamu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
3. Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito malo okwerera nyengo a SDI-12
Malo owonetsera nyengo a SDI-12 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri, kuphatikizapo:
Kuwunika nyengo zaulimi: Malo ochitira nyengo angapereke deta yeniyeni ya nyengo yopangira ulimi ndikuthandizira alimi kupanga zisankho zasayansi.
Kuyang'anira zachilengedwe: Pakuwunika zachilengedwe ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, malo owonetsera nyengo angathandize kuyang'anira kusintha kwa nyengo ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kuyang'anira madzi: Malo ochitira nyengo a madzi amatha kuyang'anira mvula ndi chinyezi cha nthaka, kupereka chithandizo cha deta yoyendetsera madzi ndi kupewa kusefukira kwa madzi komanso kuchepetsa masoka.
Kafukufuku wa nyengo: Mabungwe ofufuza amagwiritsa ntchito malo ochitira nyengo a SDI-12 kuti asonkhanitse deta ya nyengo ya nthawi yayitali ndikuchita kafukufuku wa kusintha kwa nyengo.
4. Milandu yeniyeni
Nkhani 1: Malo owunikira nyengo zaulimi ku China
M'dera laulimi ku China, njira yowunikira nyengo yaulimi idamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya SDI-12. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka powunikira momwe nyengo imakhalira yofunikira kuti mbewu zikule. Malo ochitira nyengo ali ndi masensa osiyanasiyana monga kutentha, chinyezi, liwiro la mphepo, mvula, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi chosonkhanitsa deta kudzera mu njira ya SDI-12.
Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Pa nthawi yofunika kwambiri ya kukula kwa mbewu, alimi amatha kupeza deta ya nyengo nthawi yeniyeni ndikuthirira ndi feteleza nthawi yake. Dongosololi lathandiza kwambiri kuti zokolola ndi ubwino wa mbewu ziwonjezeke, ndipo ndalama za alimi zawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 20%. Kudzera mu kusanthula deta, alimi amathanso kukonzekera bwino ntchito zaulimi ndikuchepetsa kuwononga zinthu.
Nkhani Yachiwiri: Ntchito Yoyang'anira Zachilengedwe M'mizinda
Mu mzinda wina ku Philippines, boma la m'deralo linakhazikitsa malo angapo a nyengo a SDI-12 kuti aziyang'anira chilengedwe, makamaka kuti aziyang'anira ubwino wa mpweya ndi nyengo. Malo amenewa ali ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:
Masensa amayang'anira magawo a chilengedwe monga kutentha, chinyezi, liwiro la mphepo, PM2.5, PM10, ndi zina zotero.
Deta imatumizidwa ku malo owunikira zachilengedwe mumzindawu nthawi yomweyo pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya SDI-12.
Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Mwa kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta, oyang'anira mizinda angatenge njira zothanirana ndi zochitika zanyengo zoopsa monga chipale chofewa ndi kutentha kwambiri. Nzika zithanso kupeza zambiri za nyengo ndi mpweya wapafupi nthawi yeniyeni kudzera pa mafoni am'manja, kuti asinthe mapulani awo oyendera panthawi yake ndikuteteza thanzi lawo.
Nkhani 3: Njira Yowunikira Madzi
Mu polojekiti yowunikira madzi m'chigwa cha mtsinje, njira ya SDI-12 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira ndikuwunika kayendedwe ka madzi mumtsinje, mvula yamkuntho komanso chinyezi cha nthaka. Ntchitoyi idakhazikitsa malo ambiri owunikira nyengo kuti aziwunika nthawi yeniyeni pamalo osiyanasiyana oyezera.
Zotsatira za ntchito: Gulu la polojekitiyi linatha kulosera zoopsa za kusefukira kwa madzi mwa kusanthula deta iyi ndikupereka machenjezo oyambirira kwa madera oyandikana nawo. Mwa kugwira ntchito ndi maboma am'deralo, dongosololi linachepetsa bwino kutayika kwachuma komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi komanso linakweza luso loyang'anira madzi.
Mapeto
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya SDI-12 m'malo okwerera nyengo kwakhala kofala kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake ka mphamvu zochepa, chithandizo cha masensa ambiri, komanso mawonekedwe okhazikika otumizira deta amapereka malingaliro atsopano ndi mayankho owunikira nyengo. M'tsogolomu, malo okwerera nyengo ozikidwa pa SDI-12 apitiliza kupanga ndikupereka chithandizo cholondola komanso chodalirika chowunikira nyengo m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-16-2025