Powunika zanyengo ndi kuwunika kwachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kupeza zolondola komanso zanthawi yake. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, malo ochulukirachulukira a zakuthambo amagwiritsa ntchito masensa a digito ndi njira zolumikizirana kuti apititse patsogolo luso la kusonkhanitsa ndi kutumiza deta. Pakati pawo, protocol ya SDI-12 (Serial Data Interface pa 1200 baud) yakhala chisankho chofunikira pazochitika za meteorological station chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake, kusinthasintha komanso kugwira ntchito bwino.
1. Makhalidwe a SDI-12 protocol
SDI-12 ndi serial communication protocol for low-power sensors, oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zowunikira zachilengedwe. Protocol ili ndi zotsatirazi zazikulu:
Mapangidwe amphamvu otsika: Protocol ya SDI-12 imalola masensa kulowa m'malo ogona akakhala osagwira ntchito, motero amachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi.
Thandizo la ma sensor ambiri: Kufikira masensa a 62 akhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi basi ya SDI-12, ndipo deta ya sensa iliyonse imatha kudziwika ndi adiresi yapadera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomangamanga zikhale zosavuta.
Zosavuta kuphatikiza: Kukhazikika kwa protocol ya SDI-12 kumalola masensa ochokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana kuti azigwira ntchito mu dongosolo lomwelo, ndipo kuphatikizana ndi wosonkhanitsa deta ndikosavuta.
Kutumiza kokhazikika kwa data: SDI-12 imatumiza deta kudzera pa manambala a 12-bit, kuwonetsetsa kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa deta.
2. Mapangidwe a SDI-12 otulutsa nyengo station
Malo okwerera nyengo potengera protocol ya SDI-12 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawo awa:
Sensor: Chigawo chofunika kwambiri cha siteshoni ya nyengo, yomwe imasonkhanitsa deta ya meteorological kudzera muzitsulo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kutentha kwa kutentha, kutentha kwa chinyezi, kuthamanga kwa mphepo ndi kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka mphepo, mphepo yamkuntho, ndi zina zotero. Masensa onse amathandiza SDI-12 protocol.
Wosonkhanitsa deta: Udindo wolandila deta ya sensor ndikuyikonza. Wosonkhanitsa deta amatumiza zopempha kwa sensa iliyonse kudzera mu protocol ya SDI-12 ndipo amalandira deta yobwereranso.
Chigawo chosungira deta: Zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa mu chipangizo chosungirako, monga khadi la SD, kapena zimayikidwa pa seva yamtambo kudzera pa netiweki yopanda zingwe kuti zisungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndikusanthula.
Module yotumizira deta: Malo ambiri a nyengo yamakono ali ndi ma modules opanda zingwe, monga GPRS, LoRa kapena Wi-Fi modules, kuti athandize kutumiza deta nthawi yeniyeni kumalo owunikira akutali.
Kuwongolera mphamvu: Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti malo oyendetsa nyengo akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, njira zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu monga maselo a dzuwa ndi mabatire a lithiamu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
3. Zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito malo owonetsera nyengo a SDI-12
Malo opangira nyengo a SDI-12 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri, kuphatikiza:
Kuyang'anira zanyengo zaulimi: Malo opangira zanyengo atha kupereka zenizeni zenizeni zanyengo pazaulimi komanso kuthandiza alimi kupanga zisankho zasayansi.
Kuyang'anira chilengedwe: Poyang'anira zachilengedwe ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, malo owonetsera zanyengo angathandize kuyang'anira kusintha kwa nyengo ndi mpweya wabwino.
Kuwunika kwa Hydrological: Malo opangira ma hydrological meteorological amatha kuyang'anira mvula ndi chinyezi cha nthaka, kupereka chithandizo cha data pa kayendetsedwe ka madzi ndi kupewa kusefukira kwa madzi komanso kuchepetsa masoka.
Kafukufuku wanyengo: Mabungwe ochita kafukufuku amagwiritsa ntchito malo opangira nyengo a SDI-12 kuti asonkhanitse zidziwitso zanyengo yayitali komanso kuchita kafukufuku wakusintha kwanyengo.
4. Nkhani zenizeni
Mlandu woyamba: Malo owunikira zanyengo ku China
M'dera laulimi ku China, njira yowunikira zaulimi idamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya SDI-12. Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuyang'anira momwe nyengo imafunikira pakukula kwa mbewu. Malo okwerera nyengo amakhala ndi masensa osiyanasiyana monga kutentha, chinyezi, kuthamanga kwa mphepo, mvula, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi osonkhanitsa deta kudzera mu SDI-12 protocol.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: Panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya kukula kwa mbewu, alimi amatha kupeza zambiri zanyengo mu nthawi yeniyeni ndi madzi ndi kuthira feteleza munthawi yake. Dongosololi lidathandizira kwambiri zokolola ndi zokolola, ndipo ndalama za alimi zidakwera pafupifupi 20%. Kupyolera mu kusanthula deta, alimi angathenso kukonzekera bwino ntchito zaulimi ndi kuchepetsa kuwononga chuma.
Mlandu wachiwiri: Pulojekiti Yoyang'anira Zachilengedwe M'mizinda
Mumzinda wina ku Philippines, boma la chigawochi lidatumiza masiteshoni angapo anyengo a SDI-12 kuti awonere zachilengedwe, makamaka kuti aziwunika momwe mpweya ulili komanso momwe zinthu ziliri. Malo awa ali ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:
Zomverera zimawunika magawo a chilengedwe monga kutentha, chinyezi, liwiro la mphepo, PM2.5, PM10, etc.
Zambiri zimatumizidwa kumalo owunikira zachilengedwe mumzindawu munthawi yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya SDI-12.
Zotsatira zakugwiritsa ntchito: Potolera ndikusanthula zambiri, oyang'anira mizinda amatha kuchitapo kanthu panthawi yake kuti athane ndi zovuta zanyengo monga chifunga komanso kutentha kwambiri. Nzika zimathanso kupeza zambiri zokhudzana ndi zakuthambo ndi mpweya munthawi yeniyeni kudzera pama foni am'manja, kuti zisinthe mapulani awo oyenda munthawi yake ndikuteteza thanzi lawo.
Mlandu wa 3: Hydrological Monitoring System
Mu pulojekiti yowunikira ma hydrological mumtsinje, protocol ya SDI-12 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira kayendedwe ka mitsinje, mpweya komanso chinyezi cha nthaka. Pulojekitiyi inakhazikitsa malo angapo a zanyengo kuti awonere nthawi yeniyeni pamiyezo yosiyanasiyana.
Zotsatira zakugwiritsa ntchito: Gulu la polojekitiyi lidatha kuneneratu za ngozi za kusefukira kwa madzi posanthula detayi ndi kupereka machenjezo achangu kumadera omwe ali pafupi. Pogwira ntchito ndi maboma ang'onoang'ono, dongosololi lidachepetsa kuwonongeka kwachuma komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso loyendetsa bwino madzi.
Mapeto
Ndikupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kugwiritsa ntchito protocol ya SDI-12 m'malo okwerera nyengo kwafala kwambiri. Mapangidwe ake otsika mphamvu, thandizo la masensa ambiri ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika otumizira deta amapereka malingaliro atsopano ndi njira zothetsera kuwunika kwanyengo. M'tsogolomu, malo opangira nyengo potengera SDI-12 apitiliza kupanga ndikupereka chithandizo cholondola komanso chodalirika pakuwunika zanyengo m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-16-2025