Kukonza Chithandizo cha Madzi Otayira a Anaerobic ndi Kuwunika Kwambiri kwa TOC

Pakukonza madzi otayidwa, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, makamaka Total Organic Carbon (TOC), kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri kuti ntchito ziyende bwino komanso moyenera. Izi zimachitika makamaka m'mafakitale omwe ali ndi zinyalala zosiyanasiyana, monga gawo la chakudya ndi zakumwa (F&B).

Mu kuyankhulana uku, Jens Neubauer ndi Christian Kuijlaars ochokera ku Veolia Water Technologies & Solutions akulankhula ndi AZoMaterials za kufunika kwa kuyang'anira TOC ndi momwe kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa TOC kukusinthira njira zochizira madzi otayira.

N’chifukwa chiyani kuyang’anira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe, makamaka Total Organic Carbon (TOC), n’kofunika kwambiri pokonza madzi otayira?
Jens: M'madzi ambiri otayira, zinthu zambiri zodetsa zimakhala zachilengedwe, ndipo izi ndi zoona makamaka ku gawo la F&B. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayikulu ya fakitale yotsukira zinyalala ndikuphwanya zinthu zachilengedwe izi ndikuzichotsa m'madzi otayira. Kukulitsa njira ndikupangitsa kuti kutsukira madzi otayira kukhale kofulumira komanso kogwira mtima. Izi zimafuna kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kapangidwe ka madzi otayira kuti athetse kusinthasintha kulikonse, kuonetsetsa kuti kuyeretsa bwino ngakhale nthawi yochepetsera kutsukidwa.

Njira zachikhalidwe zoyezera zinyalala zachilengedwe m'madzi, monga kusowa kwa okosijeni wa mankhwala (COD) ndi mayeso a kusowa kwa okosijeni wa biochemical (BOD), ndizochedwa kwambiri - zimatenga maola mpaka masiku - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito pa njira zamakono komanso zofulumira zochizira. COD idafunikanso ma reagents oopsa, zomwe sizoyenera. Poyerekeza, kuyang'anira katundu wachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwa TOC kumatenga mphindi zochepa zokha ndipo sikukhudza ma reagents oopsa. Ndikoyenera kwambiri kusanthula njira ndipo kumaperekanso zotsatira zolondola. Kusintha kumeneku kupita ku kuyeza kwa TOC kumawonekeranso mu miyezo yaposachedwa ya EU yokhudza kuwongolera kutulutsa, momwe kuyeza kwa TOC ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/902 idakhazikitsa ziganizo zabwino kwambiri (BAT) motsatira Directive 2010/75/EU ya machitidwe wamba ochizira/kusamalira madzi otayika m'gawo la mankhwala. Zisankho zotsatira za BAT zitha kutchulidwanso pankhaniyi.

Kodi kuyang'anira TOC kumagwira ntchito yotani pakusunga bwino komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa njira zotsukira madzi akuda?
Jens: Kuwunika kwa TOC kumapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa kudzaza kwa kaboni m'malo osiyanasiyana panthawiyi.

Kuyang'anira TOC musanalandire chithandizo chachilengedwe kumathandiza kuti izindikire kusokonezeka kwa mpweya woipa ndikuwupititsa ku matanki osungiramo zinthu ngati pakufunika kutero. Izi zitha kupewa kudzaza kwambiri mpweya woipa ndikuwubwezeretsa ku ntchito pambuyo pake, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chomera chizigwira ntchito bwino komanso mokhazikika. Kuyeza TOC isanayambe komanso itatha kukhazikika kumathandizanso ogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa mwa kuwonjezera mpweya woipa kuti asadyetse mabakiteriya ambiri m'matanki opumira mpweya komanso/kapena panthawi ya mpweya woipa.

Kuyang'anira TOC kumapereka chidziwitso chokhudza kuchuluka kwa kaboni pamalo otulutsira madzi ndi momwe amachotsedwera. Kuyang'anira TOC pambuyo pa kusefukira kwa madzi kwachiwiri kumapereka muyeso weniweni wa kaboni wotulutsidwa m'chilengedwe ndipo kumatsimikizira kuti malire akwaniritsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyang'anira zachilengedwe kumapereka chidziwitso chokhudza kuchuluka kwa kaboni kuti akonze bwino chithandizo chachitatu kuti chigwiritsidwenso ntchito ndipo kungathandize kukonza bwino mlingo wa mankhwala, chithandizo cha nembanemba, komanso mlingo wa ozone ndi UV.