Monga malo ofunikira kwambiri owonera nyengo ndi kafukufuku, malo okwerera nyengo amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakumvetsetsa ndi kulosera nyengo, kuphunzira kusintha kwa nyengo, kuteteza ulimi ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha zachuma. Pepalali lidzakambirana za ntchito yoyambira, kapangidwe kake, momwe malo okwerera nyengo amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kufunika kwake.
1. Ntchito zoyambira za malo ochitira nyengo
Ntchito yaikulu ya malo owonera nyengo ndi kusonkhanitsa, kulemba ndi kusanthula deta yokhudzana ndi nyengo. Deta iyi ikuphatikizapo, koma sikuti ndi yokhayo:
Kutentha: Kulemba kusintha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha kwa pamwamba.
Chinyezi: Chimayesa kuchuluka kwa nthunzi ya madzi mumlengalenga ndipo chimakhudza kusintha kwa nyengo.
Kupanikizika kwa Barometric: Kuwunika kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuti kuthandize kuneneratu kayendedwe ka nyengo.
Mvula: Kulemba kuchuluka ndi mphamvu ya mvula ndikofunikira pa kasamalidwe ka madzi ndi ulimi wothirira.
Liwiro la mphepo ndi komwe mphepo ikupita: Malo owonetsera nyengo amasonkhanitsa deta iyi kudzera mu anemometers ndi ma vene a mphepo kuti athandize kusanthula zotsatira za mphepo, makamaka poneneratu za mphepo zamkuntho ndi mphepo zamkuntho.
2. Kapangidwe ka malo okwerera nyengo
Malo ochitira nyengo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi kuti akwaniritse kusonkhanitsa deta yonse ya nyengo:
Masensa: Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zinthu zosiyanasiyana za nyengo, monga masensa oyezera kutentha, ma probe a chinyezi, zoyezera mvula, ndi zina zotero.
Chojambulira: Chipangizo chosungira deta chomwe chimalemba zambiri zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi sensa.
Njira yolumikizirana: Deta yosonkhanitsidwa imatumizidwa ku malo osungira nyengo kapena ku database nthawi yeniyeni kuti isanthulidwenso.
Zipangizo zamagetsi: Mphamvu zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti malo ochitira nyengo akugwira ntchito bwino, malo ambiri amakono ochitira nyengo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa.
Mapulogalamu okonza ndi kusanthula deta: Gwiritsani ntchito mapulogalamu apakompyuta kuti mufufuze ndikuwonetsa deta kuti mupange malipoti a nyengo ndi nyengo.
3. Njira yogwirira ntchito malo ochitira nyengo
Malo okwerera nyengo amagawidwa m'magawo awiri: malo okwerera nyengo okha ndi malo okwerera nyengo opanga:
Malo Ochitira Nyengo Okha: Malo ochitira nyengo amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makompyuta ndi masensa, omwe amatha kusonkhanitsa deta maola 24 patsiku ndikukweza deta nthawi yeniyeni. Malo ochitira nyengo amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakufufuza zasayansi komanso kulosera nyengo, chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kulondola kwake.
Malo opangira nyengo: Malo otere a nyengo amadalira akatswiri a zanyengo kuti aziyang'ana ndi kulemba tsiku ndi tsiku, ngakhale kuti kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa deta kuli kwakukulu, koma chifukwa cha nyengo ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito pamanja, padzakhala zoletsa zina.
Pambuyo pa ndondomeko yokhazikika, deta ya malo ochitira nyengo siyenera kutsukidwa ndi kukonzedwa kokha, komanso kufufuzidwa ndi dipatimenti ya nyengo kuti zitsimikizire kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa chidziwitso cha nyengo.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo ochitira nyengo
Malo okwerera nyengo ali ndi ntchito zofunika m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:
Kuneneratu za nyengo: Ndi deta yoperekedwa ndi malo owonetsera nyengo, akatswiri a zanyengo amatha kusanthula momwe nyengo ikuyendera ndikupanga kulosera kwanyengo kolondola kuti athandize anthu ndi mafakitale kukonzekera pasadakhale.
Kasamalidwe ka ulimi: Alimi akhoza kusintha mapulani obzala malinga ndi deta ya nyengo yomwe yaperekedwa ndi malo ochitira nyengo, kukonza bwino ulimi wothirira ndi feteleza, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ulimi ndi kukolola zikuyenda bwino.
Kafukufuku wa nyengo: Pakusonkhanitsa deta ya nthawi yayitali, malo owonetsera nyengo amathandiza kuphunzira kusintha kwa nyengo ndikupereka maziko asayansi popanga mfundo ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.
Chenjezo la masoka achilengedwe lisanachitike, malo owonetsera nyengo amatha kupereka chenjezo la nyengo pa nthawi yake, monga mphepo yamkuntho, mvula yamphamvu, kutentha kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, kuti maboma, mabizinesi ndi anthu okhala m'deralo athe kutenga njira zodzitetezera pasadakhale kuti achepetse kutayika kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndi katundu.
5. Milandu yeniyeni
Chenjezo loyamba la Mphepo Yamkuntho ya "Lingling" mu 2019
Mu 2019, Mphepo Yamkuntho ya Lingling inafika ku East China Sea, ndipo chenjezo lamphamvu la nyengo linaperekedwa pasadakhale chifukwa cha zomwe malo ochitira nyengo adawona nthawi zambiri mphepo yamkuntho isanafike. Machenjezo oyambirirawa amathandiza anthu okhala m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kukonzekera pasadakhale, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka ndi kutayika kwa katundu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mphepo yamkuntho. Dongosolo loyang'anira deta ya nthawi yeniyeni ya siteshoni ya nyengo linaneneratu mphamvu ndi njira yosuntha ya "Ling Ling" kudzera mu kusanthula liwiro la mphepo, kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndi zina, zomwe zinapereka maziko asayansi oyankha mwadzidzidzi aboma am'deralo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochitira nyengo m'madera akumidzi ku China ndi ulimi
M'madera ambiri akumidzi ku China, madipatimenti a nyengo akhazikitsa malo ochitirako nyengo m'minda. Mwa kuyang'anira chinyezi cha nthaka, kutentha, mvula ndi zina, malo ochitirako nyengo awa apanga malo oneneratu nyengo kuti athandize alimi kukonza nthawi yobzala ndi kukolola. Mwachitsanzo, m'chigawo china, kupeza deta ya mvula panthawi yake kunathandiza alimi kuthana bwino ndi chilala chopitirira, kuonetsetsa kuti mbewu zikula komanso kupanga chakudya chochuluka.
Zambiri za nthawi yayitali mu maphunziro okhudza kusintha kwa nyengo
Zaka zambiri za deta ya nyengo zimasonkhanitsidwa m'malo ochitira nyengo padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapereka maziko olimba owunikira kusintha kwa nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) ku United States imadalira deta ya nthawi yayitali kuchokera m'malo ambiri ochitira nyengo kuti ifufuze ndikulosera zomwe zikuchitika pakusintha kwa nyengo. Adapeza kuti m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, kutentha kwapakati ku United States kwawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zakhudza kusintha kwa zachilengedwe komanso kuchuluka kwa masoka achilengedwe. Maphunziro awa amapereka maziko asayansi kwa opanga mfundo kuti apange njira zothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusinthaku.
6. Njira yamtsogolo yopitira patsogolo
Malo okwerera nyengo akusintha pamene ukadaulo ukupitirira. Malo okwerera nyengo mtsogolomu adzakhala anzeru kwambiri, olumikizidwa bwino komanso ogwirizana:
Malo anzeru a nyengo: Gwiritsani ntchito luntha lochita kupanga komanso ukadaulo wosanthula deta yayikulu kuti muwongolere kugwiritsa ntchito bwino deta komanso kulondola.
Maukonde: Maukonde amapangidwa pakati pa malo osiyanasiyana owonetsera nyengo kuti agawane deta yeniyeni ndikukweza luso lonse lowunikira.
Kuyang'anira mlengalenga: Kuphatikiza ukadaulo watsopano monga ma drone ndi ma satellite kuti kuwonjezere kukula ndi kuzama kwa kuyang'anira nyengo.
Mapeto
Monga malo ofunikira kwambiri owonera nyengo ndi kafukufuku, malo okwerera nyengo samangopereka chithandizo choyambira cha deta yolosera nyengo, komanso amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga kafukufuku wa kusintha kwa nyengo, ntchito zaulimi komanso machenjezo oyambirira a masoka. Kudzera mu kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kosalekeza komanso kusintha deta, malo okwerera nyengo adzapereka ntchito zolondola komanso zanthawi yake za moyo wa anthu ndi chitukuko cha zachuma, ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi vuto la kusintha kwa nyengo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-15-2025