Mainjiniya a MADISON University of Wisconsin-Madison apanga zida zoyezera nthaka zotsika mtengo

Shuohao Cai, wophunzira digiri ya udokotala mu sayansi ya nthaka, akuyika ndodo ya sensor yokhala ndi cholembera cha sensor cha multifunction chomwe chimalola kuyeza kwa nthaka mozama mosiyanasiyana ku University of Wisconsin-Madison Hancock Agricultural Research Station.
MADISON — Mainjiniya a ku yunivesite ya Wisconsin-Madison apanga masensa otsika mtengo omwe angapereke kuwunika kosalekeza komanso nthawi yeniyeni kwa nitrate m'nthaka zamtundu wamba ku Wisconsin. Masensa osindikizidwa awa a electrochemical angathandize alimi kupanga zisankho zodziwa bwino za kasamalidwe ka michere ndikupeza phindu pazachuma.
“Ma sensa athu amatha kupatsa alimi kumvetsetsa bwino momwe nthaka yawo ilili komanso kuchuluka kwa nitrate komwe kumapezeka ku zomera zawo, kuwathandiza kusankha molondola kuchuluka kwa feteleza omwe akufunikira,” anatero Joseph Andrews, pulofesa wothandizira ku Harvard University. Kafukufukuyu adatsogoleredwa ndi Sukulu ya Uinjiniya wa Makina ku University of Wisconsin-Madison. “Ngati angathe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa feteleza omwe amagula, ndalama zomwe amasunga zingakhale zazikulu m'mafamu akuluakulu.”
Ma nitrate ndi michere yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mbewu, koma ma nitrate ochulukirapo amatha kutuluka m'nthaka ndikulowa m'madzi apansi panthaka. Mtundu uwu wa kuipitsidwa ndi woopsa kwa anthu omwe amamwa madzi oipitsidwa m'chitsime ndipo ndi woopsa ku chilengedwe. Sensor yatsopano ya ofufuza ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chida chofufuzira zaulimi kuti iwunikire kutayidwa kwa nitrate ndikuthandizira kupanga njira zabwino zochepetsera zotsatira zake zoyipa.
Njira zamakono zowunikira nitrate ya nthaka ndi zodula kwambiri, zodula, ndipo sizipereka deta yeniyeni. Ichi ndichifukwa chake katswiri wa zamagetsi osindikizidwa Andrews ndi gulu lake adaganiza zopanga njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo.
Mu polojekitiyi, ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito njira yosindikizira ya inkjet kuti apange sensa ya potentiometric, mtundu wa sensa ya electrochemical ya filimu yopyapyala. Masensa a potentiometric nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza nitrate molondola mu mayankho amadzimadzi. Komabe, masensa awa nthawi zambiri sali oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo a nthaka chifukwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta nthaka timatha kukanda masensa ndikuletsa kuyeza kolondola.
"Vuto lalikulu lomwe tinkayesetsa kuthetsa linali kupeza njira yopezera njira zopezera masensa amagetsi awa kuti agwire ntchito bwino m'nthaka yovuta komanso kuzindikira molondola ma ayoni a nitrate," adatero Andrews.
Yankho la gululo linali kuyika wosanjikiza wa polyvinylidene fluoride pa sensa. Malinga ndi Andrews, chipangizochi chili ndi makhalidwe awiri ofunikira. Choyamba, chili ndi ma pores ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi ma nanometer 400 kukula, omwe amalola ma ioni a nitrate kudutsa pamene akutseka tinthu ta dothi. Kachiwiri, ndi chosangalatsa kwambiri, ndiko kuti, chimakopa madzi ndikuyamwa ngati siponji.
"Chifukwa chake madzi aliwonse okhala ndi nitrate adzalowa m'masensa athu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa nthaka ilinso ngati siponji ndipo mudzataya mphamvu pankhani ya chinyezi chomwe chimalowa mu sensa ngati simungathe kuyamwa madzi mofanana. Mphamvu ya nthaka," adatero Andrews. "Makhalidwe awa a polyvinylidene fluoride layer amatilola kutulutsa madzi okhala ndi nitrate, kuwapereka pamwamba pa sensa ndikuzindikira nitrate molondola."
Ofufuzawa adafotokoza za kupita patsogolo kwawo mu pepala lomwe linasindikizidwa mu Marichi 2024 mu magazini ya Advanced Materials Technology.
Gululo linayesa sensa yawo pa mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya nthaka yogwirizana ndi Wisconsin—dothi lamchenga, lofala kumpoto chapakati kwa boma, ndi dothi la matope, lofala kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Wisconsin—ndipo linapeza kuti masensawo anapereka zotsatira zolondola.
Ofufuzawa tsopano akuphatikiza sensa yawo ya nitrate mu makina ogwiritsira ntchito masensa ambiri omwe amawatcha "sensa yomatira," momwe mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana ya masensa imayikidwa pamwamba pa pulasitiki yosinthasintha pogwiritsa ntchito chomatira kumbuyo. Ma stikawo alinso ndi masensa a chinyezi ndi kutentha.
Ofufuza adzalumikiza zomata zingapo zomvera ku nsanamira, kuziyika pamalo okwera osiyanasiyana, kenako n’kuzikwirira nsanamirayo m’nthaka. Kukhazikitsa kumeneku kunawathandiza kuti ayesere kuyeza malo akuya osiyanasiyana.
"Mwa kuyeza nitrate, chinyezi ndi kutentha pa kuya kosiyana, tsopano titha kuyeza njira yotulutsira nitrate ndikumvetsetsa momwe nitrate imayendera m'nthaka, zomwe sizinali zotheka kale," adatero Andrews.
M'chilimwe cha 2024, ofufuza akukonzekera kuyika ndodo 30 zoyezera m'nthaka ku Hancock Agricultural Research Station ndi ku Arlington Agricultural Research Station ku University of Wisconsin-Madison kuti apitirize kuyesa sensor.