Akatswiri opanga mayunivesite a MADISON University of Wisconsin-Madison apanga zowunikira nthaka zotsika mtengo

Shuohao Cai, wophunzira wa udokotala mu sayansi ya nthaka, amaika ndodo ya sensa yokhala ndi zomata za multifunction zomwe zimalola miyeso pakuya kosiyana mu nthaka ku yunivesite ya Wisconsin-Madison Hancock Agricultural Research Station.
MADISON - Akatswiri opanga mayunivesite a Wisconsin-Madison apanga masensa otsika mtengo omwe angapereke mosalekeza, kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ya nitrate mumtundu wa nthaka wa Wisconsin. Ma sensor osindikizidwa a electrochemical awa atha kuthandiza alimi kupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino za kasamalidwe kazakudya ndikuzindikira phindu lazachuma.
"Masensa athu amatha kupatsa alimi kumvetsetsa bwino kwa zakudya za nthaka yawo komanso kuchuluka kwa nitrate komwe kumapezeka ku zomera zawo, kuwathandiza kusankha molondola kuchuluka kwa feteleza omwe amafunikira," anatero Joseph Andrews, pulofesa wothandizira pa yunivesite ya Harvard. Phunziroli linatsogoleredwa ndi School of Mechanical Engineering ku yunivesite ya Wisconsin-Madison. "Ngati angachepetse kuchuluka kwa feteleza omwe amagula, kupulumutsa ndalama kungakhale kofunikira m'mafamu akuluakulu."
Nitrates ndi michere yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mbewu, koma ma nitrate ochulukirapo amatha kutuluka m'nthaka ndikulowa m'madzi apansi. Kuipitsidwa kwamtunduwu ndi kovulaza anthu omwe amamwa madzi a m'chitsime oipitsidwa ndipo amawononga chilengedwe. Sensa yatsopano ya ochita kafukufukuyi itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida chofufuzira zaulimi kuyang'anira leaching ya nitrate ndikuthandizira kupanga njira zabwino zochepetsera zoyipa zake.
Njira zamakono zowunikira nthaka ya nitrate ndizovuta, zodula, ndipo sizipereka deta yeniyeni. Ndicho chifukwa chake katswiri wosindikizidwa wa zamagetsi Andrews ndi gulu lake anakonza njira yabwinoko, yotsika mtengo.
Mu polojekitiyi, ochita kafukufuku adagwiritsa ntchito njira yosindikizira ya inkjet kuti apange potentiometric sensor, mtundu wa filimu yopyapyala ya electrochemical sensor. Ma sensor a Potentiometric amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza molondola nitrate mumadzimadzi. Komabe, masensa amenewa nthawi zambiri si oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nthaka chifukwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tadothi timatha kukanda masensa ndikuletsa kuyeza kolondola.
"Vuto lalikulu lomwe tinkayesa kuthetsa ndiloti tipeze njira yopezera ma electrochemical sensors kuti agwire ntchito bwino m'nthaka yovuta ndikuzindikira molondola ayoni a nitrate," adatero Andrews.
Yankho la gululi linali kuyika wosanjikiza wa polyvinylidene fluoride pa sensa. Malinga ndi Andrews, nkhaniyi ili ndi makhalidwe awiri ofunika. Choyamba, ili ndi timabowo tating'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi ma nanometer 400 kukula kwake, zomwe zimalola ayoni a nitrate kudutsa ndikutsekereza tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kachiwiri, ndi hydrophilic, ndiko kuti, imakopa madzi ndikuyamwa ngati siponji.
"Choncho madzi aliwonse olemera a nitrate adzalowa m'masensa athu, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri chifukwa nthaka imakhalanso ngati siponji ndipo mudzataya nkhondoyi ponena za chinyezi cholowa mu sensa ngati simungathe kupeza madzi omwewo. Mphamvu ya nthaka," adatero Andrews. "Zinthu za polyvinylidene fluoride wosanjikiza zimatilola kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo a nitrate, kuwapereka ku sensa pamwamba ndikuzindikira nitrate molondola."
Ofufuzawa adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe apitira patsogolo mu pepala lofalitsidwa mu Marichi 2024 mu nyuzipepala ya Advanced Materials Technology.
Gululo linayesa sensa yawo pamitundu iwiri yosiyana ya nthaka yogwirizana ndi Wisconsin-dothi lamchenga, lofala kumpoto chapakati pa chigawochi, ndi matope a silty, omwe amapezeka kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Wisconsin-ndipo adapeza kuti masensawo amapanga zotsatira zolondola.
Ofufuzawa tsopano akuphatikiza sensa yawo ya nitrate mu kachipangizo kambiri kamene amachitcha "chomata," momwe mitundu itatu ya masensa imayikidwa pa pulasitiki yosinthika pogwiritsa ntchito zomatira. Zomatazo zimakhalanso ndi zodziwikiratu za chinyezi ndi kutentha.
Ochita kafukufuku amamatira zomata zingapo pamtengo, kuziyika pamalo okwera mosiyana, kenako ndikukwirira m'nthaka. Kukonzekera kumeneku kunawathandiza kuti azitha kuyeza mozama mosiyanasiyana.
"Poyesa nitrate, chinyezi ndi kutentha pa kuya kosiyana, tsopano tikhoza kuwerengera ndondomeko ya nitrate leaching ndikumvetsetsa momwe nitrate imayendera m'nthaka, zomwe sizinali zotheka kale," adatero Andrews.
M'chilimwe cha 2024, ochita kafukufuku akukonzekera kuyika ndodo za 30 m'nthaka ku Hancock Agricultural Research Station ndi Arlington Agricultural Research Station ku yunivesite ya Wisconsin-Madison kuti apitirize kuyesa sensa.