Mpweya wa okosijeni m’madzi a dziko lathu lapansi ukucheperachepera komanso mochititsa mantha—kuchokera m’mayiwe mpaka kunyanja. Kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa okosijeni kumawopseza osati zachilengedwe zokha, komanso moyo wamagulu akuluakulu a anthu ndi dziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi olemba a kafukufuku wapadziko lonse wokhudza GEOMAR lofalitsidwa lero mu Nature Ecology & Evolution.
Amayitanitsa kutayika kwa okosijeni m'matupi amadzi kuti azindikirike ngati malire ena a mapulaneti kuti ayang'ane kuwunika kwapadziko lonse lapansi, kafukufuku ndi njira zandale.
Oxygen ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa moyo pa Dziko Lapansi. Kutayika kwa okosijeni m'madzi, komwe kumatchedwanso kuti aquatic deoxygenation, ndikuwopseza moyo pamagulu onse. Gulu la ochita kafukufuku padziko lonse lapansi likufotokoza momwe kuchepa kwa oxygen kosalekeza kumawopseza kwambiri moyo wamagulu akuluakulu a anthu komanso kukhazikika kwa moyo padziko lapansi.
Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu adapeza njira zingapo zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimatchedwa malire a mapulaneti, zomwe zimawongolera kukhazikika ndi kukhazikika kwa dziko lapansi. Ngati malire ovuta munjirazi adutsa, chiopsezo cha kusintha kwakukulu, kwadzidzidzi kapena kosasinthika kwa chilengedwe ("tipping points") kumawonjezeka ndipo kulimba kwa dziko lathu lapansi, kukhazikika kwake, kumakhala pangozi.
Pakati pa malire asanu ndi anayi a mapulaneti ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka nthaka, ndi kuwonongeka kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Olemba kafukufuku watsopano amatsutsa kuti kutulutsa mpweya m'madzi onse kumayankha, ndikuwongolera, njira zina za malire a mapulaneti.
"Ndikofunikira kuti kutulutsa mpweya m'madzi kuwonjezeredwa pamndandanda wa malire a mapulaneti," adatero Pulofesa Dr. Rose wa ku Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ku Troy, New York, wolemba wamkulu wa bukuli. "Izi zithandizira ndikuyang'ana kuwunika kwapadziko lonse lapansi, kafukufuku, ndi kuyesetsa kwa mfundo zothandizira zamoyo zam'madzi komanso anthu onse."
Kudutsa zamoyo zonse zam'madzi, kuyambira mitsinje ndi mitsinje, nyanja, malo osungiramo madzi, maiwe, magombe, ndi nyanja zotseguka, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wosungunuka kwatsika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Nyanja ndi malo osungiramo madzi zakhala zikutayika kwa okosijeni wa 5.5% ndi 18.6% motsatira kuyambira 1980. Nyanja yakhala ikutayika kwa okosijeni pafupifupi 2% kuyambira 1960. Ngakhale kuti chiwerengerochi chikuwoneka chaching'ono, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'nyanjayi chikuyimira mpweya wambiri wotayika.
Zamoyo zam'madzi zakhalanso ndi kusintha kwakukulu pakutha kwa oxygen. Mwachitsanzo, madzi apakati pa Central California ataya 40% ya okosijeni mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Kuchuluka kwa zamoyo zam'madzi zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa okosijeni kwawonjezeka kwambiri pamitundu yonse.
"Zomwe zimayambitsa kutayika kwa okosijeni m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa dziko lapansi chifukwa cha mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kulowetsedwa kwa michere chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito nthaka," akutero Dr. Andreas Oschlies, Pulofesa wa Marine Biogeochemical Modeling ku GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel.
Madzi akatentha kwambiri, mpweya wa okosijeni umachepa m'madzimo.” Komanso, kutentha kwa dziko kumapangitsa kuti madziwo asakanike chifukwa chakuti madzi ofunda, opanda mchere wambiri, amakhala pamwamba pa madzi ozizira kwambiri, opanda mchere.
"Izi zimalepheretsa kusinthana kwa zigawo zakuya zomwe mulibe mpweya wabwino ndi madzi a pamwamba omwe ali ndi okosijeni. Kuphatikiza apo, michere yochokera kumtunda imathandizira kuphuka kwa ndere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wochuluka ugwiritsidwe ntchito pamene zinthu zakuthupi zimamira ndipo zimawola ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda."
Madera a m'nyanja omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri kotero kuti nsomba, mussels kapena crustaceans sizingathenso kukhala ndi moyo zimawopseza osati zamoyo zokha, komanso ntchito za chilengedwe monga nsomba, zinyama, zokopa alendo komanso chikhalidwe.
Njira za Microbiotic m'madera omwe akusowa mpweya wa okosijeni zimatulutsanso mpweya wowonjezera kutentha monga nitrous oxide ndi methane, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha kwa dziko lapansi ndipo motero kumapangitsa kuti mpweya uwonongeke.
Olembawo akuchenjeza kuti: Tikuyandikira malire ovuta a deoxygenation ya m'madzi yomwe pamapeto pake idzakhudza malire ena angapo a mapulaneti.
Pulofesa Dr. Rose anati: “Oxygen wosungunuka umapangitsa kuti madzi a m’nyanja ndi opanda mpweya azigwira ntchito bwino pakusintha nyengo ya Dziko Lapansi.” Kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wokwanira kumadalira zimene zimayambitsa, monga kutentha kwa nyengo ndi madzi osefukira ochokera kumadera otukuka.
"Kulephera kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa oxygen m'madzi sikudzangokhudza zachilengedwe komanso zochitika zachuma, komanso anthu padziko lonse lapansi."
Zomwe zimachitika m'madzi a deoxygenation zimayimira chenjezo lomveka bwino ndikuyitanitsa kuchitapo kanthu zomwe ziyenera kulimbikitsa kusintha kuti muchepetse kapena kuchepetsa malire a mapulaneti.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-12-2024