Malo okwerera nyengo okhala ndi ndodo ndi malo owunikira nyengo achikhalidwe komanso okhazikika, omwe amadziwikanso kuti malo okwerera nyengo achikhalidwe kapena malo okwerera nyengo wamba. Mbali yake yayikulu ndi yakuti masensa okhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana amayikidwa motsatana kutalika kosiyana pa ndodo imodzi kapena zingapo zoyima motsatira zomwe zafotokozedwa.
Izi ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zili pamalo okwerera nyengo omwe ali ndi ndodo, zomwe zimapangidwanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
I. Kapangidwe ka Pakati ndi Mapangidwe
1. Sensa imakonzedwa mwadongosolo losiyana
Ichi ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu kwambiri kuchokera ku malo olumikizirana a nyengo. Sensa iliyonse (anemometer, wind vane, sensa ya kutentha ndi chinyezi, geji ya mvula, sensa ya kuthamanga, ndi zina zotero) ndi chipangizo chodziyimira payokha ndipo chimalumikizidwa ku chosonkhanitsira deta chachikulu kudzera mu zingwe.
Sensa imayikidwa pamalo enaake pamtengo motsatira mfundo zake zoyezera komanso malangizo a mabungwe monga World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). Mwachitsanzo:
Choyezera liwiro la mphepo ndi komwe mphepo ikupita: Nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pamalo okwera kwambiri (monga mamita 10 kutalika) kuti chisasokonezedwe ndi zopinga za pansi.
Chowunikira kutentha ndi chinyezi: Choyikidwa m'bokosi lokongola lomwe lili pamtunda wa mamita 1.5 kapena mamita awiri kuchokera pansi kuti lisakhudzidwe ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji komanso kuwala kwa nthaka.
Chiyeso cha mvula: Ikani pa 0.7 metres kapena kutalika kwina, kuonetsetsa kuti potulukira pali pofanana ndipo malo ozungulira ali otseguka.
Zoyezera kutentha ndi chinyezi cha nthaka: Zimakwiriridwa m'nthaka mosiyanasiyana.
2. Kapangidwe kake ndi kokhazikika ndipo digiri ya ukatswiri ndi yapamwamba
Mizati nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba kwambiri monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo cholimba, ndipo ili ndi maziko olimba (monga maziko a konkriti), omwe amatha kupirira nyengo yoipa monga mphepo yamkuntho ndi chipale chofewa chambiri, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda bwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kapangidwe ka bulaketi ndi kasayansi, kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa muyeso wa masensa momwe zingathere.
3. Kapangidwe ka modular
Sensa iliyonse ndi gawo lodziyimira payokha lomwe lingathe kuyesedwa, kusamalidwa kapena kusinthidwa palokha popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a masensa ena. Kapangidwe kameneka ndi kosavuta kwambiri pakukonza ndikusintha pambuyo pake.
Ii. Ntchito ndi Makhalidwe a Kagwiridwe ka Ntchito
1. Ikutsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ili ndi mphamvu zolamulira deta
Kapangidwe ndi kutalika kwa masensa ake kumatsatira kwambiri miyezo ya mabungwe odalirika monga WMO. Chifukwa chake, deta yomwe yapezeka ili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu koyerekeza komanso mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho choyamba pa ntchito zanyengo pamlingo wadziko lonse, kafukufuku wasayansi, komanso ntchito zamafakitale zolondola kwambiri.
2. Kulondola kwambiri muyeso
Popeza masensa ndi osiyana, kusokonezana pakati pawo kungachepe kwambiri (monga kusokonezeka kwa mpweya ndi fuselage ndi mphamvu ya kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi zida zamagetsi poyesa kutentha).
Kulondola kwambiri kwa muyeso kungapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito sensa imodzi yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso ukatswiri wokulirapo.
3. Kasinthidwe kosinthasintha komanso kuthekera kokulirakulira kwamphamvu
Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha mosavuta mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa masensa malinga ndi zosowa zawo. Mwachitsanzo, n'zosavuta kuwonjezera masensa a radiation, mbale zowulutsira, masensa a ultraviolet, ndi zina zotero.
Pamene zinthu zatsopano zowonera zikufunika mtsogolo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera masensa ndi ma interfaces ofanana pa mtengo, omwe ali ndi kukula kwabwino kwambiri.
4. Kupeza deta yaukadaulo ndi njira yoperekera magetsi
Kawirikawiri imakhala ndi bokosi la akatswiri lopezera deta, lomwe limayikidwa pa kapena pafupi ndi ndodo, lomwe limayang'anira mphamvu zonse zogwiritsira ntchito masensa, kusonkhanitsa deta, kusungira ndi kutumiza deta.
Dongosolo lamagetsi ndi lamphamvu komanso lodalirika, nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ophatikizana, mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi batri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lizigwira ntchito nthawi yayitali ngakhale mvula ikagwa.
Iii. Ntchito ndi Ubwino ndi Makhalidwe
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zapamwamba komanso zokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali
Malo oyambira a nyengo/malo owonetsera nyengo: Mphamvu yayikulu yogwirira ntchito.
Kafukufuku wa akatswiri: monga kafukufuku wa zachilengedwe, kuyang'anira kusintha kwa nyengo, kuyang'anira madzi, nyengo ya ulimi yolondola kwambiri, ndi zina zotero.
Thandizo la nyengo pa ntchito zazikulu zauinjiniya: monga mabwalo a ndege, madoko, malo opangira mphamvu za nyukiliya, ndi malo akuluakulu osungira madzi.
Makampani omwe amafunikira deta yotsimikizika, monga kuneneratu mphamvu ya mphepo ndi kuwunika chilengedwe, angagwiritse ntchito detayo popereka chitsimikizo ndi kuunika kwa anthu ena.
2. Detayo ndi yokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso yodalirika kwambiri
Kapangidwe kolimba komanso chitetezo chaukadaulo cha mphezi komanso kapangidwe koteteza dzimbiri kumatsimikizira kuti njira zowonera mosalekeza komanso zodalirika zitha kuperekedwa ngakhale m'malo ovuta osayang'aniridwa.
Iv. Zolepheretsa Zomwe Zingatheke
1. Kukhazikitsa kwake ndi kovuta, kumatenga nthawi yambiri komanso kokwera mtengo
Njira zingapo zovuta monga kufufuza malo, kumanga maziko, kuyika mizati, kukonza bwino masensa, ndi kuyika chingwe ndizofunikira. Nthawi yokhazikitsa nthawi zambiri imatenga masiku angapo kapena kuposerapo.
Ndalama zoyambira zogulira (kuphatikizapo zida, zomangamanga ndi kukhazikitsa) ndi zokwera kwambiri kuposa za siteshoni yolumikizirana ya nyengo.
2. Kusayenda bwino
Ikayikidwa, imakhala yokhazikika ndipo imakhala yovuta kusuntha. Sikoyenera kuyang'anira zadzidzidzi kapena ntchito zosakhalitsa zomwe zimafuna kusintha malo pafupipafupi.
3. Kukonza n'kovuta kwambiri
Ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kake ka modular ndi kosavuta kusintha, ogwira ntchito yokonza zinthu ayenera kukwera mmwamba kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zonyamulira kuti asunge masensa pamalo okwera, zomwe zimayambitsa zoopsa zina zachitetezo komanso zovuta pakugwira ntchito.
4. Ili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa malo okhazikitsa
Imafuna malo otseguka ambiri omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo owonera ndipo ndizovuta kuyika m'mizinda kapena m'madera omwe ali ndi malo ochepa.
Chidule ndi Kuyerekeza
Kuti timvetse bwino nkhaniyi, titha kuyerekeza pakati pa malo okwerera nyengo omwe ali ndi ndodo ndi malo okwerera nyengo ophatikizidwa:
| Mawonekedwe | Siteshoni ya nyengo yoyima ya pole (mtundu wogawanika)
| Siteshoni yolumikizira nyengo |
| Kapangidwe kapakati | Masensawa ndi osiyana ndipo amaikidwa motsatira malangizo | Masensawa amaphatikizidwa kwambiri mu chimodzi |
| Kulondola ndi Kufotokozera | Pamwamba, mogwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi monga WMO | Yapakatikati, yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabizinesi ndi m'mafakitale |
| Kukhazikitsa ndi kuyika | Zovuta, zotenga nthawi, zokwera mtengo komanso zomanga mwaukadaulo | Zosavuta, zachangu, zolumikizira ndi kusewera, komanso zotsika mtengo |
| Kusunthika | Mtundu wosauka, wokhazikika | Yamphamvu komanso yosavuta kusuntha |
| Kukulitsa | Ndi yamphamvu ndipo imatha kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa masensa mosavuta | Zofooka, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kasinthidwe kokhazikika |
| Mtengo | Ndalama zoyambira zoyikamo ndalama ndi zoyikira ndi zapamwamba kwambiri | Ndalama zoyambira zogulira ndi kutumiza zinthu ndi zochepa |
| Ntchito zachizolowezi | Malo ochitira bizinesi a dziko lonse, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, minda ya mphepo | Zadzidzidzi za nyengo, ulimi wanzeru, malo okopa alendo, kutchuka kwa sayansi ya masukulu |
Mapeto
Siteshoni ya nyengo yokwezedwa ndi ndodo ndi "wosewera waluso" komanso "malo okhazikika" pantchito yowunikira nyengo. Ndi kulondola kwake kwakukulu, kudalirika kwambiri komanso kutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, imagwira ntchito zowonera nthawi yayitali komanso zokhazikika zomwe zimakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa deta. Malo olumikizirana nyengo, kumbali ina, amagwira ntchito ngati "asilikali opepuka", opambana ndi kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kosavuta, kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwakukulu kogwiritsa ntchito mwachangu komanso kotsika mtengo mu nthawi ya Internet of Things. Onse awiri ali ndi zolinga zawo ndipo pamodzi amapanga netiweki yamakono yowonera nyengo.
Kuti mudziwe zambiri za siteshoni ya nyengo,
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Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-01-2025