Njira Yogwirizanitsa Yowunikira Kusefukira kwa Madzi ndi Kuchenjeza Anthu Oyambirira mu "Chao Phraya River Basin," Southeast Asia

Mbiri ya Pulojekiti

Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, komwe kumadziwika ndi nyengo yamvula yamkuntho, kumakumana ndi ziwopsezo zazikulu za kusefukira kwa madzi chaka chilichonse nthawi yamvula. Pogwiritsa ntchito "Chao Phraya River Basin" monga chitsanzo, chigwachi chimadutsa m'mizinda yokhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso yotukuka kwambiri m'dzikolo komanso m'madera ozungulira. M'mbuyomu, kuyanjana kwa mvula yamkuntho mwadzidzidzi, madzi othamanga mwachangu ochokera m'mapiri akumtunda, komanso madzi odzaza m'mizinda kwapangitsa kuti njira zowunikira madzi zachikhalidwe, zamanja, komanso zokumana nazo zikhale zosakwanira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti machenjezo asachitike, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa katundu, komanso ngakhale kufa.

Pofuna kusiya njira imeneyi yothana ndi mavuto, dipatimenti ya dziko lonse ya zamadzi, mogwirizana ndi mabungwe ena apadziko lonse, idayambitsa pulojekiti ya "Integrated Flood Monitoring and Early Warning System for the Chao Phraya River Basin". Cholinga chake chinali kukhazikitsa njira yeniyeni, yolondola, komanso yothandiza yowongolera kusefukira kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito IoT, ukadaulo wa masensa, ndi kusanthula deta.

Ma Core Technologies ndi Mapulogalamu a Sensor

Dongosololi limaphatikiza masensa osiyanasiyana apamwamba, kupanga "maso ndi makutu" a gawo lozindikira.

1. Kuyesa Mvula ya Chidebe Chopondaponda – “Frontline Sentinel” ya Chigumula

• Malo Operekera Madzi: Amapezeka kwambiri m'mapiri akumtunda, m'nkhalango zosungiramo madzi, m'malo osungira madzi apakatikati, komanso m'malo ofunikira opezera madzi m'mphepete mwa tawuni.
• Ntchito ndi Udindo:
  • Kuwunika Mvula Pa Nthawi Yeniyeni: Kusonkhanitsa deta ya mvula mphindi iliyonse, yolondola 0.1 mm. Deta imatumizidwa nthawi yeniyeni ku malo olamulira apakati kudzera pa kulumikizana kwa GPRS/4G/satellite.
  • Chenjezo la Mphepo Yamkuntho: Pamene choyezera mvula chikulemba mvula yamphamvu kwambiri m'kanthawi kochepa (monga kupitirira 50 mm mu ola limodzi), dongosololi limayambitsa chenjezo loyambirira, zomwe zimasonyeza chiopsezo cha kusefukira kwa madzi mwadzidzidzi kapena madzi othamanga mofulumira m'derali.
  • Kusakaniza Deta: Deta ya mvula ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zolowera mu zitsanzo zamadzi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuneneratu kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka m'mitsinje ndi nthawi yofika kwa mapiri a kusefukira kwa madzi.

2. Chiyeso cha Mayendedwe a Radar – “Pulse Monitor” ya Mtsinje

• Malo Oyendetsera Ntchito: Anakhazikitsidwa pa ngalande zonse zazikulu za mitsinje, malo olumikizirana mitsinje, pansi pa malo osungiramo madzi, komanso pa milatho yofunika kwambiri kapena nsanja zolowera mumzinda.
• Ntchito ndi Udindo:
  • Kuyeza Mosakhudzana ndi Kuthamanga: Kumagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zowunikira mafunde a radar kuti kuyeze molondola kuthamanga kwa madzi pamwamba, osakhudzidwa ndi ubwino wa madzi kapena kuchuluka kwa matope, zomwe zimafuna kusamaliridwa kochepa.
  • Kuyeza Mlingo wa Madzi ndi Gawo Lopingasa: Pophatikizidwa ndi masensa olumikizira madzi opanikizika kapena ma gauge amadzi opangidwa ndi ma ultrasound, imapeza deta ya mlingo wa madzi nthawi yeniyeni. Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya mtunda wa mtsinje yomwe yayikidwa kale, imawerengera kuchuluka kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni (m³/s).
  • Chenjezo Lalikulu: Kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi chizindikiro chodziwikiratu kwambiri chodziwira kukula kwa kusefukira kwa madzi. Pamene madzi omwe akuyang'aniridwa ndi radar mita apitirira chenjezo lokonzedweratu kapena malire a zoopsa, dongosololi limayambitsa machenjezo pamlingo wosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yofunika kwambiri yoti anthu atuluke pansi pa mtsinje.

3. Sensor Yodziwira Kusamuka - "Woteteza Chitetezo" cha Zomangamanga

• Malo Ogwirira Ntchito: Malo otsetsereka ofunikira, madamu a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, malo otsetsereka, ndi mphepete mwa mitsinje zomwe zimakhala ndi zoopsa za geotechnical.
• Ntchito ndi Udindo:
  • Kuwunika Umoyo Wachilengedwe: Kumagwiritsa ntchito masensa osinthira a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) ndi ma inclinometers omwe ali pamalopo kuti aziwunika mosalekeza kusamuka, kukhazikika, ndi kupendekeka kwa ma dikes ndi malo otsetsereka.
  • Chenjezo Loti Madzi Asagwere Pakagwa Madzi/Kusweka kwa Madzi: Pakagwa madzi, madzi ambiri amadzaza kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya ma hydraulic structures. Masensa othawira amatha kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira komanso zosaoneka bwino za kusakhazikika kwa kapangidwe ka madzi. Ngati kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka madzi kwachitika mwadzidzidzi, makinawo nthawi yomweyo amapereka chenjezo la chitetezo cha kapangidwe ka madzi, popewa kusefukira kwa madzi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mainjiniya.

Kayendedwe ka Ntchito ndi Zotsatira Zomwe Zakwaniritsidwa

1. Kupeza ndi Kutumiza Deta: Mazana a ma sensor node m'bowo lonselo amasonkhanitsa deta mphindi 5-10 zilizonse ndikutumiza m'mapaketi kupita ku malo osungira deta amtambo kudzera pa netiweki ya IoT.
2. Kusanthula kwa Deta ndi Chitsanzo: Pulatifomu yapakati imalandira ndikulumikiza deta yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku ma gauge a mvula, ma radar flow meter, ndi masensa osunthika. Deta iyi imaperekedwa mu chitsanzo cholumikizidwa cha hydro-meteorological ndi hydraulic kuti iwonetse ndi kulosera kusefukira kwa madzi nthawi yeniyeni.
3. Chenjezo Lanzeru Loyambirira ndi Chithandizo Chachisankho:
   • Chitsanzo 1: Mayeso a mvula m'mapiri akumtunda amazindikira chimphepo champhamvu; chitsanzocho chimaneneratu nthawi yomweyo kuti chimphepo champhamvu chomwe chingadutse chenjezo chidzafika ku Town A m'maola atatu. Dongosololi limatumiza chenjezo ku dipatimenti yopewera masoka ya Town A.
   • Chitsanzo chachiwiri: Choyezera madzi pa mtsinje womwe ukudutsa mu mzinda wa B chikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi mkati mwa ola limodzi, madzi atatsala pang'ono kupitirira pamwamba pa denga. Dongosololi limayambitsa chenjezo ndipo limapereka malamulo ofulumira oti anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa mtsinje atuluke mwachangu kudzera pa mafoni, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndi mauthenga adzidzidzi.
   • Chitsanzo 3: Masensa othawirako pa gawo lakale la levee ku Point C amazindikira kuyenda kosazolowereka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makinawo awonetse chiopsezo cha kugwa. Malo olamulira amatha kutumiza magulu a mainjiniya nthawi yomweyo kuti akalimbikitse ndikuchotsa anthu okhala m'dera loopsa.
4. Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito:
   • Nthawi Yowonjezera Yochenjeza Anthu: Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe, nthawi yochenjeza anthu za kusefukira kwa madzi inakwera kuchoka pa maola 2-4 kufika pa maola 6-12.
   • Kupanga Zisankho Molimba Mtima: Ma model asayansi ozikidwa pa deta yeniyeni adalowa m'malo mwa zigamulo zosamveka bwino zochokera ku zomwe zachitika, zomwe zimapangitsa zisankho monga kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo madzi ndi kuyambitsa malo osungiramo madzi osefukira kukhala olondola kwambiri.
   • Kuchepetsa Kutayika: Mu nyengo yoyamba ya kusefukira kwa madzi pambuyo poti makina ayikidwa, idakwanitsa kuthana ndi mavuto awiri akuluakulu a kusefukira kwa madzi, omwe akuti adachepetsa kutayika kwachuma mwachindunji ndi pafupifupi 30% ndipo sanapeze anthu omwe adavulala.
   • Kulimbikitsa Kugwira Ntchito ndi Anthu: Kudzera mu pulogalamu ya pafoni ya anthu onse, nzika zitha kuwona nthawi yeniyeni ya mvula ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'dera lawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azitha kudziwa zambiri zokhudza kupewa masoka.

Mavuto ndi Chiyembekezo cha Mtsogolo

• Mavuto: Kuyika ndalama zambiri mu dongosolo; kufalikira kwa netiweki yolumikizirana m'madera akutali kukupitirirabe kukhala vuto; kukhazikika kwa masensa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukana kuwonongeka kumafuna kukonzedwa nthawi zonse.
• Chiyembekezo cha Mtsogolo: Mapulani akuphatikizapo kuyambitsa ma algorithms a AI kuti akonzenso kulondola kwa kulosera; kuphatikiza deta yowunikira kutali ya satellite kuti iwonjezere kufalikira kwa kuwunika; ndi kufufuza kulumikizana kwakuya ndi mapulani amizinda ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito madzi aulimi kuti apange dongosolo lolimba kwambiri la kasamalidwe ka "Smart River Basin".

Chidule:
Kafukufuku wa chitsanzo ichi akuwonetsa momwe ntchito yogwirizana ya Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges (yozindikira komwe kukuchokera), Radar Flow Meters (yowunikira momwe zinthu zilili), ndi Displacement Sensors (zoteteza zomangamanga) zimapangira njira yowunikira kusefukira kwa madzi m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso njira yochenjeza koyambirira—kuyambira “kumwamba” mpaka “pansi,” kuchokera “kuyambira” mpaka “kapangidwe.” Izi sizimangoyimira njira yamakono yaukadaulo wowongolera kusefukira kwa madzi ku Southeast Asia komanso zimapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakuwongolera kusefukira kwa madzi padziko lonse lapansi m'mabowo ofanana a mitsinje.

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