Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Machitidwe Atsopano a Masensa a EC a Ubwino wa Madzi mu Makampani Olima Zam'madzi ku Kazakhstan

Monga dziko lofunika kwambiri ku Central Asia, Kazakhstan ili ndi madzi ambiri komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kokulitsa ulimi wa nsomba. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wapadziko lonse wa ulimi wa nsomba komanso kusintha kwa njira zanzeru, ukadaulo wowunikira ubwino wa madzi ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'gawo la ulimi wa nsomba mdzikolo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwadongosolo zochitika zinazake za masensa oyendetsera magetsi (EC) mumakampani opanga ulimi wa nsomba ku Kazakhstan, kusanthula mfundo zawo zaukadaulo, zotsatira zake, komanso zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo. Pofufuza milandu yodziwika bwino monga ulimi wa sturgeon ku Nyanja ya Caspian, malo oberekera nsomba ku Nyanja ya Balkhash, komanso kubwerezabwereza machitidwe a ulimi wa nsomba m'chigawo cha Almaty, pepalali likuwulula momwe masensa a EC amathandizira alimi am'deralo kuthana ndi mavuto oyang'anira ubwino wa madzi, kukonza bwino ulimi, komanso kuchepetsa zoopsa zachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhaniyi ikukambirana za mavuto omwe Kazakhstan ikukumana nawo pakusintha kwa luntha la ulimi wa nsomba ndi mayankho omwe angakhalepo, kupereka maumboni ofunikira pakukula kwa ulimi wa nsomba m'madera ena ofanana.

Chidule cha Zosowa za Makampani Olima Zam'madzi ku Kazakhstan ndi Kuwunika Ubwino wa Madzi

Monga dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lopanda nyanja, Kazakhstan ili ndi madzi ambiri, kuphatikizapo madzi akuluakulu monga Nyanja ya Caspian, Nyanja ya Balkhash, ndi Nyanja ya Zaysan, komanso mitsinje yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zachilengedwe zapadera kuti ulimi wa nsomba ukhale wabwino. Makampani opanga nsomba mdziko muno akukula mosalekeza m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi mitundu yoyambirira ya nsomba monga carp, sturgeon, rainbow trout, ndi Siberian sturgeon. Ulimi wa sturgeon m'chigawo cha Caspian, makamaka, wakopa chidwi chachikulu chifukwa cha kupanga kwake caviar yamtengo wapatali. Komabe, makampani opanga nsomba ku Kazakhstan akukumananso ndi mavuto ambiri, monga kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa madzi, njira zaulimi zomwe sizikuyenda bwino, komanso zotsatira za nyengo yoipa, zonse zomwe zimalepheretsa chitukuko cha mafakitale.

M'malo okhala ndi zamoyo zam'madzi ku Kazakhstan, mphamvu yamagetsi (EC), monga chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri cha khalidwe la madzi, imakhala ndi kufunika kwapadera koyang'anira. EC imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa ma ayoni amchere osungunuka m'madzi, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji ntchito za osmoregulation ndi thupi la zamoyo zam'madzi. Mitengo ya EC imasiyana kwambiri m'madzi osiyanasiyana ku Kazakhstan: Nyanja ya Caspian, monga nyanja yamchere, ili ndi mitengo ya EC yapamwamba (pafupifupi 13,000–15,000 μS/cm); Chigawo chakumadzulo cha Nyanja ya Balkhash, popeza ndi madzi abwino, chili ndi mitengo yotsika ya EC (pafupifupi 300–500 μS/cm), pomwe chigawo chake chakum'mawa, chopanda malo otulukira, chili ndi mchere wambiri (pafupifupi 5,000–6,000 μS/cm). Nyanja za Alpine monga Nyanja ya Zaysan zimasonyeza mitengo ya EC yosinthasintha kwambiri. Mikhalidwe yovutayi yamadzi imapangitsa kuyang'anira EC kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti ulimi wa nsomba ukhale wopambana ku Kazakhstan.

Mwachikhalidwe, alimi aku Kazakhstan ankadalira luso lawo poyesa ubwino wa madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwonera monga kuwona mtundu wa madzi ndi momwe nsomba zimachitira poyang'anira. Njira imeneyi sinali yolondola pa sayansi yokha komanso inapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira mavuto omwe angakhalepo pa ubwino wa madzi mwachangu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti nsomba zife kwambiri komanso kutayika kwachuma. Pamene miyeso ya ulimi ikukulirakulira komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi kukukwera, kufunikira kwa kuwunika bwino ubwino wa madzi kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Kuyambitsidwa kwa ukadaulo wa EC sensor kwapatsa makampani a zaulimi ku Kazakhstan njira yodalirika, yeniyeni, komanso yotsika mtengo yowunikira ubwino wa madzi.

Mu chilengedwe cha Kazakhstan, kuyang'anira EC kuli ndi zotsatira zofunika zambiri. Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa EC kukuwonetsa mwachindunji kusintha kwa mchere m'madzi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri poyang'anira nsomba za euryhaline (monga sturgeon) ndi nsomba za stenohaline (monga rainbow trout). Chachiwiri, kuwonjezeka kwa EC kosazolowereka kungasonyeze kuipitsidwa kwa madzi, monga kutulutsa madzi otayira m'mafakitale kapena madzi otayira m'minda omwe amanyamula mchere ndi mchere. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa EC kumagwirizana molakwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungunuka—madzi ambiri a EC nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mpweya wosungunuka wochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsomba zipulumuke. Chifukwa chake, kuyang'anira EC kosalekeza kumathandiza alimi kusintha njira zoyendetsera mwachangu kuti apewe kupsinjika ndi kufa kwa nsomba.

Boma la Kazakhstan posachedwapa lazindikira kufunika koyang'anira ubwino wa madzi kuti chitukuko cha ulimi wa m'madzi chikhale chokhazikika. Mu mapulani ake adziko lonse otukula ulimi, boma layamba kulimbikitsa mabizinesi a ulimi kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zowunikira mwanzeru ndipo limapereka ndalama zothandizira pang'ono. Pakadali pano, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi ndi makampani apadziko lonse lapansi akulimbikitsa ukadaulo wapamwamba waulimi ndi zida ku Kazakhstan, zomwe zikufulumizitsa kugwiritsa ntchito masensa a EC ndi ukadaulo wina wowunikira ubwino wa madzi mdzikolo. Thandizo la mfundo izi ndi kuyambitsa ukadaulo kwapanga mikhalidwe yabwino kuti makampani a ulimi wa m'madzi ku Kazakhstan asinthe.

Mfundo Zaukadaulo ndi Zigawo Zamakina a Masensa a EC Abwino a Madzi

Masensa oyendetsera magetsi (EC) ndi zigawo zazikulu za machitidwe amakono owunikira khalidwe la madzi, omwe amagwira ntchito potengera miyeso yeniyeni ya mphamvu yoyendetsera madzi. Mu ntchito za ulimi wa nsomba ku Kazakhstan, masensa a EC amayesa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosungunuka (TDS) ndi mchere mwa kuzindikira mphamvu zoyendetsera madzi za ma ayoni m'madzi, kupereka chithandizo chofunikira cha deta yoyendetsera ulimi. Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, masensa a EC amadalira kwambiri mfundo zamagetsi: pamene ma electrode awiri amizidwa m'madzi ndipo magetsi osinthasintha agwiritsidwa ntchito, ma ayoni osungunuka amasuntha molunjika kuti apange magetsi, ndipo sensa imawerengera mtengo wa EC poyesa mphamvu ya magetsi. Pofuna kupewa zolakwika zoyezera zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha polarization ya ma electrode, masensa amakono a EC nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito magwero oyambitsa AC ndi njira zoyezera pafupipafupi kuti atsimikizire kulondola kwa deta ndi kukhazikika.

Ponena za kapangidwe ka masensa, masensa a EC a ulimi wa m'madzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chinthu chowunikira komanso gawo lowongolera zizindikiro. Chinthu chowunikira nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi ma electrode a titanium kapena platinum omwe sagwidwa ndi dzimbiri, omwe amatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana m'madzi akulima kwa nthawi yayitali. Gawo lowongolera zizindikiro limakulitsa, kusefa, ndikusintha zizindikiro zamagetsi zofooka kukhala zotulutsa zokhazikika. Masensa a EC omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafamu aku Kazakh nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka ma electrode anayi, komwe ma electrode awiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokhazikika ndipo ena awiri amayesa kusiyana kwa magetsi. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathetsa bwino kusokonezedwa ndi polarization ya ma electrode ndi mphamvu yolumikizirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulondola kwa muyeso kukhale kwakukulu, makamaka m'malo olima omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mchere.

Kubwezera kutentha ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la masensa a EC, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa EC kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa madzi. Masensa amakono a EC nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma probe otentha olondola kwambiri omwe amawonjezera muyeso ku kuchuluka kofanana pa kutentha kokhazikika (nthawi zambiri 25°C) kudzera mu ma algorithms, kuonetsetsa kuti deta ikufanana. Popeza Kazakhstan ili mkati, kutentha kwakukulu kwa tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kutentha kwakukulu kwa nyengo, ntchito yobwezera kutentha yokha ndiyofunika kwambiri. Ma transmitter a EC ochokera kwa opanga monga Shandong Renke amaperekanso kusintha kwa kutentha kwamanja komanso kokhazikika, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha mosavuta ku zochitika zosiyanasiyana zaulimi ku Kazakhstan.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro ogwirizanitsa dongosolo, masensa a EC m'mafamu a ulimi wa nsomba ku Kazakh nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ngati gawo la njira yowunikira ubwino wa madzi yokhala ndi magawo ambiri. Kupatula EC, machitidwe oterewa amaphatikiza ntchito zowunikira magawo ofunikira a khalidwe la madzi monga mpweya wosungunuka (DO), pH, mphamvu yochepetsera okosijeni (ORP), turbidity, ndi ammonia nitrogen. Deta kuchokera ku masensa osiyanasiyana imatumizidwa kudzera mu CAN bus kapena ukadaulo wolumikizirana wopanda zingwe (monga TurMass, GSM) kupita ku chowongolera chapakati kenako nkuyikidwa pa nsanja yamtambo kuti iwunikenso ndikusungidwa. Mayankho a IoT ochokera kumakampani monga Weihai Jinxun Changtong amathandizira alimi kuwona deta ya khalidwe la madzi nthawi yeniyeni kudzera pa mapulogalamu a pafoni ndikulandira machenjezo a magawo osazolowereka, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito oyang'anira.

Tebulo: Magawo Aukadaulo Achizolowezi a Masensa a EC a Ulimi wa Aquaculture

Mu ntchito zothandiza ku Kazakhstan, njira zoyika masensa a EC ndizosiyana. Pa mafamu akuluakulu akunja, masensa nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendera pamadzi kapena zokhazikika kuti zitsimikizire malo oyezera. Mu makina ozungulira a aquaculture m'mafakitale (RAS), kuyika mapaipi ndi kofala, kuyang'anira mwachindunji kusintha kwa khalidwe la madzi asanayambe komanso atalandira chithandizo. Ma monitor a EC apaintaneti ochokera ku Gandon Technology amaperekanso njira zoyika madzi kudzera m'madzi, zoyenera pazochitika zaulimi zomwe zimafuna kuyang'anira madzi mosalekeza. Popeza kuzizira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira m'madera ena a Kazakhstan, masensa a EC apamwamba ali ndi mapangidwe oletsa kuzizira kuti atsimikizire kuti ntchitoyo ndi yodalirika kutentha kochepa.

Kusamalira masensa ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuyang'anira kwa nthawi yayitali kudalirika. Vuto lomwe limakumana ndi mafamu aku Kazakh ndi kuwononga zinthu zachilengedwe—kukula kwa algae, mabakiteriya, ndi tizilombo tina pa malo oyezera, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwa muyeso. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, masensa amakono a EC amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe osiyanasiyana atsopano, monga machitidwe odziyeretsa a Shandong Renke ndi ukadaulo woyezera wozikidwa pa fluorescence, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kukonza. Kwa masensa opanda ntchito zodziyeretsa, "zomangira zodziyeretsa" zapadera zokhala ndi maburashi amakina kapena kuyeretsa kwa ultrasound zimatha kuyeretsa malo a electrode nthawi ndi nthawi. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumeneku kumathandiza masensa a EC kugwira ntchito mokhazikika ngakhale m'madera akutali ku Kazakhstan, kuchepetsa kulowererapo kwa manja.

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa IoT ndi AI, masensa a EC akusintha kuchoka pa zida zoyezera kukhala ma node anzeru opanga zisankho. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi eKoral, njira yopangidwa ndi Haobo International, yomwe sikuti imangoyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi komanso imagwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ophunzirira makina kuti ilosere zomwe zikuchitika ndikusinthira zokha zida kuti zikhale bwino paulimi. Kusintha kwanzeru kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukula kokhazikika kwa makampani azaulimi ku Kazakhstan, kuthandiza alimi am'deralo kuthana ndi mipata yokumana ndi ukadaulo ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito opanga komanso mtundu wa zinthu.

Nkhani Yofunsira Kuyang'anira EC ku Famu ya Caspian Sea Sturgeon

Dera la Nyanja ya Caspian, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa malo ofunikira kwambiri olima nsomba ku Kazakhstan, limadziwika ndi ulimi wake wapamwamba wa sturgeon komanso kupanga caviar. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kusinthasintha kwa mchere m'nyanja ya Caspian, limodzi ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mafakitale, kwabweretsa mavuto akulu pa ulimi wa sturgeon. Famu yayikulu ya sturgeon pafupi ndi Aktau idayambitsa kuyambitsa makina oyezera EC, kuthana bwino ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe kumeneku kudzera mukuwunika nthawi yeniyeni komanso kusintha kolondola, kukhala chitsanzo cha ulimi wamakono wa nsomba ku Kazakhstan.

Famuyi ili ndi mahekitala pafupifupi 50, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolimirira yomwe siili yotsekedwa makamaka ya mitundu yamtengo wapatali monga Russian sturgeon ndi stellate sturgeon. Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira EC, famuyi idadalira kwambiri zitsanzo zamanja ndi kusanthula labu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti deta ichedwe kwambiri komanso kulephera kuyankha mwachangu kusintha kwa khalidwe la madzi. Mu 2019, famuyi idagwirizana ndi Haobo International kuti igwiritse ntchito njira yowunikira khalidwe la madzi yanzeru yochokera ku IoT, yokhala ndi masensa a EC ngati zigawo zazikulu zomwe zimayikidwa m'malo ofunikira monga malo olowera madzi, maiwe olima, ndi malo otulutsira madzi. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito njira yotumizira opanda zingwe ya TurMass kutumiza deta nthawi yeniyeni ku chipinda chowongolera chapakati ndi mapulogalamu am'manja a alimi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyang'anira kosalekeza kuchitike maola 24 pa sabata.

Monga nsomba ya euryhaline, Caspian sturgeon imatha kusinthana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mchere, koma malo awo abwino okulira amafunika kuchuluka kwa EC pakati pa 12,000–14,000 μS/cm. Kupatuka kuchokera pamtunduwu kumayambitsa kupsinjika kwa thupi, zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa kukula ndi mtundu wa caviar. Kudzera mu kuyang'anira kosalekeza kwa EC, akatswiri a zaulimi adapeza kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo mu kuchuluka kwa mchere m'madzi olowera: nthawi ya chipale chofewa cha masika, kuchuluka kwa madzi abwino ochokera ku Mtsinje wa Volga ndi mitsinje ina kunachepetsa kuchuluka kwa EC m'mphepete mwa nyanja kufika pansi pa 10,000 μS/cm, pomwe kuuma kwambiri kwa chilimwe kumatha kukweza kuchuluka kwa EC pamwamba pa 16,000 μS/cm. Kusinthasintha kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumanyalanyazidwa kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti sturgeon ikule mosagwirizana.

Gome: Kuyerekeza kwa Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kuwunika kwa EC ku Caspian Sturgeon Farm

Kutengera ndi deta ya EC ya nthawi yeniyeni, famuyi idakhazikitsa njira zingapo zosinthira molondola. Pamene mitengo ya EC idatsika pansi pa mulingo woyenera, dongosololi lidachepetsa kulowa kwa madzi abwino ndikuyambitsa kubwerezabwereza kuti liwonjezere nthawi yosungira madzi. Pamene mitengo ya EC inali yokwera kwambiri, idawonjezera kuwonjezera madzi abwino komanso mpweya wabwino. Kusinthaku, komwe kale kumachokera ku chiweruzo champhamvu, tsopano kunali ndi chithandizo cha deta yasayansi, kukonza nthawi ndi kukula kwa kusintha. Malinga ndi malipoti a famu, atagwiritsa ntchito kuyang'anira kwa EC, kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa sturgeon kudakwera ndi 28%, zokolola zapamwamba za caviar zidakwera kuchokera pa 65% mpaka 82%, ndipo imfa chifukwa cha mavuto a khalidwe la madzi zidatsika kuchokera pa 12% mpaka 4%.

Kuyang'anira EC kunathandizanso kwambiri pakupereka chenjezo loyambirira la kuipitsidwa kwa madzi. M'chilimwe cha 2021, masensa a EC adazindikira kukwera kosazolowereka kwa EC m'madzi a dziwe kupitirira kusinthasintha kwabwinobwino. Dongosololi nthawi yomweyo linapereka chenjezo, ndipo akatswiri adapeza mwachangu kutuluka kwa madzi otayira kuchokera ku fakitale yapafupi. Chifukwa cha kuzindikirika kwa nthawi yake, famuyo inapeza dziwe lomwe lakhudzidwa ndikuyambitsa makina oyeretsera mwadzidzidzi, kupewa kutayika kwakukulu. Pambuyo pa izi, mabungwe azachilengedwe am'deralo adagwirizana ndi famuyo kukhazikitsa netiweki yochenjeza za ubwino wa madzi m'deralo kutengera kuyang'anira EC, kuphimba madera ambiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera, njira yowunikira ya EC inapereka phindu lalikulu. Mwachikhalidwe, famuyo inkasinthana madzi mopitirira muyeso ngati njira yodzitetezera, zomwe zinkawononga mphamvu zambiri. Ndi kuyang'anira molondola kwa EC, akatswiri adakonza njira zosinthira madzi, ndikupanga kusintha kokha ngati pakufunika kutero. Deta idawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa pampu ya famuyo kunachepa ndi 35%, zomwe zinapulumutsa ndalama zokwana $25,000 pachaka pamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yokhazikika yamadzi, kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya cha sturgeon kunakula, zomwe zinachepetsa ndalama zogulira chakudya ndi pafupifupi 15%.

Kafukufukuyu adakumananso ndi mavuto aukadaulo. Malo okhala ndi mchere wambiri ku Nyanja ya Caspian adafuna kuti masensa azikhala olimba kwambiri, ndipo ma sensa oyamba amawononga mkati mwa miyezi ingapo. Pambuyo pokonza pogwiritsa ntchito ma sensa apadera a titanium alloy ndi nyumba zotetezera zowonjezera, moyo wawo unawonjezeka mpaka zaka zoposa zitatu. Vuto lina linali kuzizira kwa nthawi yozizira, komwe kunakhudza magwiridwe antchito a sensa. Yankho lake linali kuyika ma heater ang'onoang'ono ndi ma buoy oletsa ayezi pamalo ofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchito ikugwira ntchito chaka chonse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira ya EC uku kukuwonetsa momwe luso laukadaulo lingasinthire njira zachikhalidwe zaulimi. Woyang'anira famuyo adati, "Tinkagwira ntchito mumdima, koma ndi deta yeniyeni ya EC, zili ngati kukhala ndi 'maso apansi pa madzi'—titha kumvetsetsa ndikuwongolera chilengedwe cha sturgeon." Kupambana kwa nkhaniyi kwakopa chidwi cha mabizinesi ena alimi aku Kazakhstan, kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito masensa a EC mdziko lonse. Mu 2023, Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Kazakhstan udapanganso miyezo yamakampani yowunikira ubwino wa madzi a m'madzi kutengera nkhaniyi, zomwe zimafuna kuti minda yapakatikati ndi yayikulu ikhazikitse zida zowunikira za EC.

Machitidwe Oletsa Kuchuluka kwa Mchere ku Malo Osungira Nsomba ku Nyanja ya Balkhash

Nyanja ya Balkhash, yomwe ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan, imapereka malo abwino kwambiri oberekera nsomba zosiyanasiyana zamalonda chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake chapadera cha mchere. Komabe, chinthu chodziwika bwino m'nyanjayi ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mchere pakati pa kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo—chigawo chakumadzulo, chomwe chimadyetsedwa ndi Mtsinje wa Ili ndi madzi ena abwino, chili ndi mchere wochepa (EC ≈ 300–500 μS/cm), pomwe chigawo chakum'mawa, chomwe chilibe malo otulukira, chimasonkhanitsa mchere (EC ≈ 5,000–6,000 μS/cm). Kuchuluka kwa mchere kumeneku kumabweretsa mavuto apadera kwa malo oberekera nsomba, zomwe zimapangitsa makampani alimi am'deralo kufufuza njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wa EC sensor.

Malo obereketsera nsomba a “Aksu”, omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Balkhash, ndi malo akuluakulu opangira ma fry m'chigawochi, makamaka kubereketsa mitundu ya nsomba zamadzi oyera monga carp, silver carp, ndi bighead carp, komanso kuyesa nsomba zapadera zomwe zimasinthidwa kukhala brackish. Njira zachikhalidwe zobereketsera nsomba zinali ndi kuchuluka kosakhazikika kwa ma fry, makamaka nthawi ya chipale chofewa cha masika pamene madzi ambiri a Mtsinje wa Ili adayambitsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa madzi olowera (200–800 μS/cm), zomwe zidakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mazira ndi kupulumuka kwa ma fry. Mu 2022, malo obereketsera nsomba adayambitsa njira yodziyimira yokha yolamulira mchere kutengera masensa a EC, zomwe zidasintha kwambiri mkhalidwewu.

Pakati pa makinawa pamagwiritsa ntchito ma transmitter a Shandong Renke's industrial EC, okhala ndi mulingo waukulu wa 0–20,000 μS/cm ndi ±1% high accuracy, makamaka yoyenera malo okhala ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana ku Lake Balkhash. Netiweki ya sensa imayikidwa pamalo ofunikira monga njira zolowera, matanki osungiramo madzi, ndi malo osungiramo madzi, kutumiza deta kudzera mu CAN bus kupita ku chowongolera chapakati cholumikizidwa ndi zida zosakaniza madzi amchere/madzi a m'nyanja kuti zisinthe mchere nthawi yeniyeni. Makinawa amaphatikizanso kutentha, mpweya wosungunuka, ndi kuwunika kwina kwa magawo, kupereka chithandizo chokwanira cha deta yoyang'anira malo obereketsera.

Kuika mazira a nsomba m'mazira a nsomba kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa mchere. Mwachitsanzo, mazira a carp amaswa bwino kwambiri mkati mwa EC range ya 300–400 μS/cm, ndipo kusinthaku kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mazira oswa komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka. Kudzera mu kuyang'anira kosalekeza kwa EC, akatswiri adapeza kuti njira zachikhalidwe zimalola kusinthasintha kwenikweni kwa EC m'thanki yowasamutsa madzi kuposa momwe amayembekezera, makamaka panthawi yosinthana madzi, ndi kusintha mpaka ±150 μS/cm. Dongosolo latsopanoli linakwaniritsa kusintha kolondola kwa ±10 μS/cm, kukweza kuchuluka kwa mazira oswa kuchoka pa 65% mpaka 88% ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kuchoka pa 12% mpaka pansi pa 4%. Kupita patsogolo kumeneku kunathandizira kwambiri kupanga bwino kwa mazira ndi phindu lachuma.

Pa nthawi yobereketsa nkhuku zokazinga, kuyang'anira EC kunakhala kothandiza kwambiri. Malo obereketsa nkhuku amagwiritsa ntchito kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa mchere kuti akonze nkhuku zokazinga kuti zitulutsidwe m'malo osiyanasiyana a Nyanja ya Balkhash. Pogwiritsa ntchito netiweki ya masensa a EC, akatswiri amawongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa mchere m'madziwe obereketsa, kusintha kuchoka ku madzi oyera (EC ≈ 300 μS/cm) kupita ku madzi amchere (EC ≈ 3,000 μS/cm). Kuzolowera molondola kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti nkhuku zokazinga zipulumuke ndi 30–40%, makamaka m'magulu omwe amaperekedwa kumadera akum'mawa a nyanjayi okhala ndi mchere wambiri.

Deta yowunikira ya EC inathandizanso kukonza bwino momwe madzi amagwirira ntchito. Dera la Nyanja ya Balkhash likukulirakulira chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi, ndipo malo obereketsera ziweto achikhalidwe amadalira kwambiri madzi apansi panthaka kuti asinthe mchere, zomwe zinali zodula komanso zosakhazikika. Pofufuza deta yakale ya masensa a EC, akatswiri adapanga njira yabwino kwambiri yosakaniza madzi apansi panthaka ndi nyanja, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apansi panthaka ndi 60% pomwe akukwaniritsa zofunikira za malo owetsera ziweto, ndikusunga ndalama zokwana $12,000 pachaka. Mchitidwewu udalimbikitsidwa ndi mabungwe azachilengedwe am'deralo ngati chitsanzo chosungira madzi.

Njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito pankhaniyi inali kuphatikiza EC monitoring ndi deta ya nyengo kuti apange zitsanzo zolosera. Dera la Nyanja ya Balkhash nthawi zambiri limakumana ndi mvula yambiri komanso chipale chofewa chomwe chimasungunuka nthawi ya masika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi a mumtsinje wa Ili agwere mofulumira zomwe zimakhudza mchere wolowera m'malo oberekera ana. Mwa kuphatikiza deta ya netiweki ya masensa a EC ndi zolosera za nyengo, dongosololi limaneneratu kusintha kwa EC m'malo oberekera ana maola 24-48 pasadakhale, ndikusinthira zokha ma mixing ratios kuti azitha kulamulira bwino. Ntchitoyi idatsimikizika kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri panthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi mu masika a 2023, kusunga kuchuluka kwa ana obadwa kumene pamwamba pa 85% pomwe malo oberekera ana achikhalidwe pafupi adatsika pansi pa 50%.

Pulojekitiyi inakumana ndi mavuto oti isinthe momwe zinthu zilili. Madzi a m'nyanja ya Balkhash ali ndi carbonate yambiri ndi sulfate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma electrode azitha kukulitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muyeso ukhale wolondola. Yankho linali kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode apadera oletsa kukula omwe ali ndi njira zoyeretsera zokha zomwe zimayeretsa makina maola 12 aliwonse. Kuphatikiza apo, plankton yambiri m'nyanjayi imatsatira malo oyezera, zomwe zimachepetsedwa mwa kukonza malo oyikamo (kupewa malo okhala ndi biomass yambiri) ndikuwonjezera kuyeretsa kwa UV.

Kupambana kwa malo obereketsera nsomba a “Aksu” kukuwonetsa momwe ukadaulo wa masensa a EC ungathanirane ndi mavuto a ulimi wa nsomba m'malo osiyanasiyana achilengedwe. Mtsogoleri wa polojekitiyi adati, “Makhalidwe a mchere wa Nyanja ya Balkhash kale anali vuto lalikulu kwa ife, koma tsopano ndi mwayi wotsogola wasayansi—poyang'anira bwino EC, timapanga malo abwino kwambiri a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba ndi magawo okulirapo.” Nkhaniyi ikupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa ulimi wa nsomba m'nyanja zofanana, makamaka zomwe zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere kapena kusinthasintha kwa mchere wa nyengo.

Tikhozanso kupereka njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera mavutowa

1. Chida chogwiritsira ntchito m'manja cha ubwino wa madzi okhala ndi magawo ambiri

2. Dongosolo loyandama la Buoy la ubwino wa madzi okhala ndi magawo ambiri

3. Burashi yoyeretsera yokha ya sensa yamadzi yokhala ndi magawo ambiri

4. Seti yonse ya ma seva ndi mapulogalamu opanda zingwe, imathandizira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza ubwino wa madzi zambiri,

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