Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwanzeru ndi Kachitidwe ka Madzi Amtundu wa EC Sensors ku Kazakhstan's Aquaculture Industry

Monga dziko lofunikira ku Central Asia, Kazakhstan ili ndi madzi ochulukirapo komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kotukula zamoyo zam'madzi. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa umisiri wapadziko lonse waulimi wa m’madzi komanso kusintha kwa zinthu zanzeru, njira zamakono zounikira ubwino wa madzi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’gawo la ulimi wa m’madzi m’dzikoli. Nkhaniyi imayang'ana mwadongosolo zochitika zina za masensa amagetsi amagetsi (EC) ku Kazakhstan aquaculture industry, kusanthula ukadaulo wawo, zotsatira zake, ndi zomwe zikuchitika m'tsogolomu. Powunika zochitika ngati ulimi wa sturgeon mu Nyanja ya Caspian, malo osungiramo nsomba ku Nyanja ya Balkhash, ndi kubwereza machitidwe a aquaculture m'chigawo cha Almaty, pepalali likuwonetsa momwe masensa a EC amathandiza alimi am'deralo kuthana ndi zovuta zoyendetsera madzi, kukonza ulimi, ndi kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, nkhaniyi ikukamba za zovuta zomwe Kazakhstan ikukumana nazo pakusintha kwanzeru zazamoyo zam'madzi ndi mayankho omwe angathe, kupereka maumboni ofunikira pakukula kwaulimi m'madera ena ofanana.

Mwachidule za Kazakhstan's Aquaculture Industry and Water Quality Monitoring Needs

Monga dziko lalikulu kwambiri lopanda mtunda padziko lonse lapansi, Kazakhstan ili ndi madzi olemera, kuphatikizapo mabwalo akuluakulu amadzi monga Nyanja ya Caspian, Nyanja ya Balkhash, ndi Nyanja ya Zaysan, komanso mitsinje yambiri, yomwe imapereka zachilengedwe zapadera zogwirira ntchito zam'madzi. Makampani opanga zam'madzi mdziko muno akukula mosalekeza m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi mitundu yayikulu yolimidwa monga carp, sturgeon, rainbow trout, ndi Siberian sturgeon. Ulimi wa Sturgeon m'dera la Caspian, makamaka, wakopa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wamtengo wapatali wa caviar. Komabe, ntchito yolima m'madzi ku Kazakhstan imakumananso ndi zovuta zambiri, monga kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa madzi, njira zaulimi zobwerera m'mbuyo, komanso zovuta za nyengo yoyipa, zonse zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mafakitale.

M'madera a aquaculture ku Kazakhstan, magetsi a magetsi (EC), monga gawo lofunika kwambiri la madzi, amakhala ndi zofunikira zowunikira. EC ikuwonetseratu kuchuluka kwa ayoni amchere osungunuka m'madzi, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji ma osmoregulation ndi momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito zamoyo zam'madzi. Makhalidwe a EC amasiyana kwambiri m'madzi osiyanasiyana ku Kazakhstan: Nyanja ya Caspian, monga nyanja yamchere yamchere, imakhala ndi ma EC apamwamba (pafupifupi 13,000-15,000 μS/cm); Dera lakumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Balkhash, pokhala madzi opanda mchere, lili ndi EC yotsika (pafupifupi 300–500 μS/cm), pamene dera lake lakum’mawa, lopanda potulukira, limasonyeza mchere wambiri (pafupifupi 5,000–6,000 μS/cm). Nyanja za Alpine ngati Nyanja ya Zaysan zimawonetsa kusinthasintha kwa EC. Mikhalidwe yovuta yamadzi iyi imapangitsa kuwunika kwa EC kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazaulimi wabwino wamadzi ku Kazakhstan.

Pachikhalidwe, alimi a ku Kazakh adadalira zomwe adakumana nazo kuti awone momwe madzi aliri, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zongoyang'ana mtundu wa madzi ndi machitidwe a nsomba poyang'anira. Njira imeneyi inalibe mphamvu zasayansi zokha, komanso inachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira mavuto omwe angakhalepo m'madzi nthawi yomweyo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapha nsomba zazikulu komanso kutayika kwachuma. Pamene masikelo aulimi akuchulukirachulukira ndikuchulukirachulukira, kufunikira kowunika bwino kwa madzi kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri. Kuyambitsidwa kwa ukadaulo wa EC sensor kwapatsa makampani opanga zam'madzi ku Kazakhstan njira yodalirika, yeniyeni, komanso yotsika mtengo yowunikira madzi.

M'malo achilengedwe a Kazakhstan, kuwunika kwa EC kumakhala ndi zofunikira zingapo. Choyamba, mfundo za EC zimasonyeza kusintha kwa mchere m'madzi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri poyang'anira nsomba za euryhaline (monga sturgeon) ndi stenohaline nsomba (mwachitsanzo, utawaleza). Chachiwiri, kuwonjezereka kwa EC kosazolowereka kungasonyeze kuipitsidwa kwa madzi, monga kutayira kwa madzi otayira m’mafakitale kapena kukhetsa kwaulimi komwe kumanyamula mchere ndi mchere. Kuonjezera apo, ma EC amayenderana molakwika ndi milingo ya okosijeni yosungunuka-madzi okwera a EC amakhala ndi okosijeni wocheperako, zomwe zimawopseza kupulumuka kwa nsomba. Choncho, kuyang'anira EC mosalekeza kumathandiza alimi kusintha njira zoyendetsera bwino kuti apewe kupsinjika kwa nsomba ndi kufa.

Boma la Kazakh posachedwapa lazindikira kufunikira kowunika momwe madzi alili pakukula kwaulimi wokhazikika. M’mapulani ake a chitukuko cha ulimi m’dziko, boma layamba kulimbikitsa mabizinesi aulimi kuti agwiritse ntchito zipangizo zounikira mwanzeru komanso kupereka ndalama za sabuside. Pakadali pano, mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi ndi makampani akumayiko osiyanasiyana akulimbikitsa umisiri wapamwamba kwambiri waulimi ndi zida ku Kazakhstan, ndikupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito masensa a EC ndi matekinoloje ena owunika momwe madzi alili mdziko muno. Thandizo la ndondomekoyi ndi kuyambitsa kwaukadaulo kwapangitsa kuti pakhale mikhalidwe yabwino yopititsira patsogolo ntchito zaulimi ku Kazakhstan.

Mfundo Zaumisiri ndi Zigawo Zadongosolo la Madzi a EC Sensors

Masensa a Electrical conductivity (EC) ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zamakina amakono owunika momwe madzi alili, omwe amagwira ntchito potengera miyeso yolondola ya mphamvu ya yankho. Mu ntchito za Kazakhstan za aquaculture, masensa a EC amayesa zolimba zosungunuka (TDS) ndi milingo ya mchere pozindikira momwe ma ion amagwirira ntchito m'madzi, kupereka chithandizo chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera ulimi. Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, masensa a EC amadalira kwambiri mfundo za electrochemical: pamene ma electrode awiri amamizidwa m'madzi ndipo magetsi osinthika akugwiritsidwa ntchito, ma ion osungunuka amasuntha molunjika kuti apange magetsi, ndipo sensa imawerengera mtengo wa EC poyesa mphamvu yamakonoyi. Pofuna kupewa zolakwika zoyezera zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha electrode polarization, masensa amakono a EC amagwiritsa ntchito magwero osangalatsa a AC ndi njira zoyezera pafupipafupi kuti zitsimikizire kulondola komanso kukhazikika kwa data.

Pankhani ya kapangidwe ka masensa, masensa a m'madzi a EC amakhala ndi chinthu chomva komanso gawo lopangira ma siginecha. Zomwe zimamva nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi titaniyamu kapena ma elekitirodi a platinamu, omwe amatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana m'madzi olima kwa nthawi yayitali. Makina opangira ma sign amakulitsa, kusefa, ndikusintha ma siginecha ofooka amagetsi kukhala zotuluka zokhazikika. Masensa a EC omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafamu a Kazakh nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi anayi, pomwe ma elekitirodi awiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi zonse ndi ma electrode awiri ena. Kukonzekera kumeneku kumathetsa bwino kusokonezedwa ndi electrode polarization ndi kuthekera kwapakati, kuwongolera kwambiri kuyeza kolondola, makamaka m'malo aulimi okhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mchere.

Kulipiridwa kwa kutentha ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri laukadaulo la masensa a EC, chifukwa ma EC amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa madzi. Masensa amakono a EC nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi makina opangira kutentha omwe amangowonjezera miyeso kumitengo yofanana ndi kutentha kwanthawi zonse (nthawi zambiri 25 ° C) kudzera mu ma aligorivimu, kuwonetsetsa kufananizidwa kwa data. Popeza Kazakhstan ili kumtunda, kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa tsiku limodzi, komanso kusintha kwa kutentha kwa nyengo, ntchito yobwezera kutentha ndiyofunika kwambiri. Ma transmitters a Industrial EC ochokera kwa opanga ngati Shandong Renke amaperekanso kusintha kwachiwongola dzanja ndi kutentha, kulola kusinthika kosinthika ku zochitika zosiyanasiyana zaulimi ku Kazakhstan.

Kuchokera pamawonedwe ophatikizika, masensa a EC m'mafamu amadzi a Kazakh nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ngati gawo la njira yowunikira madzi ambiri. Kupatula EC, makina oterowo amaphatikiza ntchito zowunikira magawo ofunika kwambiri amadzi monga okosijeni wosungunuka (DO), pH, kuthekera kochepetsa oxidation (ORP), turbidity, ndi ammonia nitrogen. Deta yochokera ku masensa osiyanasiyana imatumizidwa kudzera muukadaulo wa CAN basi kapena opanda zingwe (mwachitsanzo, TurMass, GSM) kupita kwa woyang'anira wapakati kenako ndikukwezedwa ku nsanja yamtambo kuti iunike ndikusunga. Mayankho a IoT ochokera kumakampani ngati Weihai Jingxun Changtong amathandizira alimi kuti aziwona zenizeni zenizeni zenizeni zamadzi kudzera pa mapulogalamu a smartphone ndi kulandira zidziwitso zapanthawi yolakwika, ndikuwongolera bwino kasamalidwe.

Table: Magawo Aukadaulo Odziwika a Aquaculture EC Sensors

M'magwiritsidwe othandiza a Kazakhstan, njira zoyika sensa ya EC ndizosiyana. Kwa mafamu akuluakulu akunja, masensa nthawi zambiri amayikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira za buoy kapena zokhazikika kuti zitsimikizire malo oyimira. M'mafakitole a recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), kuyika mapaipi kumakhala kofala, kuyang'anitsitsa kusintha kwa madzi asanayambe kapena atatha mankhwala. Oyang'anira mafakitale a EC a pa intaneti ochokera ku Gandon Technology amaperekanso njira zosinthira, zoyenera pazaulimi waulimi wochuluka womwe umafuna kuwunika madzi mosalekeza. Chifukwa cha kuzizira kwambiri kwa nyengo yozizira m'madera ena a Kazakh, masensa apamwamba a EC ali ndi mapangidwe oletsa kuzizira kuti atsimikizire kugwira ntchito modalirika pakutentha kochepa.

Kukonzekera kwa sensa ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali. Vuto lofala m'mafamu a ku Kazakhstan ndilo kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kukula kwa ndere, mabakiteriya, ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwa kuyeza kwake. Kuti athane ndi izi, masensa amakono a EC amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, monga Shandong Renke's self-clearning systems and fluorescence based measurement technology, kuchepetsa kwambiri kukonzanso pafupipafupi. Kwa masensa opanda ntchito zodzitchinjiriza, "zokwera zodzitchinjiriza" zokhala ndi maburashi amakina kapena kuyeretsa kopangidwa ndi akupanga zimatha kuyeretsa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumeneku kumathandizira masensa a EC kuti azigwira ntchito mokhazikika ngakhale kumadera akutali a Kazakhstan, kuchepetsa kulowererapo pamanja.

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa IoT ndi AI, masensa a EC akusintha kuchokera ku zida zoyezera kukhala malo opangira zisankho mwanzeru. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi eKoral, dongosolo lopangidwa ndi Haobo International, lomwe silimangoyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makina ophunzirira makina kuti athe kulosera zomwe zikuchitika komanso kusintha zida kuti zisungidwe bwino. Kusintha kwanzeru kumeneku kuli kofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani olima zam'madzi ku Kazakhstan, kuthandiza alimi akumaloko kuthana ndi mipata yaukadaulo ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso mtundu wazinthu.

EC Monitoring Application Case pa Caspian Sea Sturgeon Farm

Dera la Nyanja ya Caspian, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa malo ofunikira kwambiri olima nyama zam'madzi ku Kazakhstan, ndi lodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ulimi wapamwamba kwambiri wa sturgeon komanso kupanga caviar. Komabe, m’zaka zaposachedwapa, kusinthasintha kwa mchere wochulukirachulukira mu Nyanja ya Caspian, limodzi ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mafakitale, kwabweretsa mavuto aakulu kwa ulimi wa sturgeon. Famu yayikulu ya sturgeon pafupi ndi Aktau idachita upainiya kukhazikitsidwa kwa EC sensor system, kuthana bwino ndi kusintha kwachilengedwe kumeneku kudzera pakuwunika kwanthawi yeniyeni ndikusintha kolondola, kukhala chitsanzo chaulimi wamakono wapamadzi ku Kazakhstan.

Famuyi imatalika pafupifupi mahekitala 50, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yaulimi yotsekeka makamaka pamitundu yamtengo wapatali monga Russian sturgeon ndi stellate sturgeon. Asanatengere kuwunika kwa EC, famuyo idadalira kwathunthu kusanthula kwamanja ndi kusanthula ma labu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti deta ichedwe kwambiri komanso kulephera kuyankha mwachangu kusintha kwamadzi. Mu 2019, famuyi idagwirizana ndi Haobo International kuti igwiritse ntchito njira yowunikira madzi anzeru yochokera ku IoT, yokhala ndi masensa a EC monga zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimayikidwa m'malo ofunikira monga malo olowera madzi, maiwe olimapo, ndi ngalande. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito kutumiza opanda zingwe kwa TurMass kutumiza zidziwitso zenizeni kuchipinda chapakati chowongolera ndi mapulogalamu am'manja a alimi, zomwe zimathandizira kuwunika kosasokonezeka kwa 24/7.

Monga nsomba ya euryhaline, Caspian sturgeon imatha kusintha kusintha kwa mchere wambiri, koma malo omwe amakula bwino amafunikira ma EC pakati pa 12,000-14,000 μS/cm. Kupatuka kwamtunduwu kumayambitsa kupsinjika kwa thupi, kukhudza kukula kwa caviar komanso mtundu wa caviar. Kupyolera mu kuyang'anira kosalekeza kwa EC, akatswiri a pafamu adapeza kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo mu mchere wa madzi olowera m'madzi: m'nyengo yosungunula chipale chofewa, kuwonjezeka kwa madzi opanda mchere kuchokera ku Mtsinje wa Volga ndi mitsinje ina kunachepetsa ma EC a m'mphepete mwa nyanja mpaka pansi pa 10,000 μS/cm, pamene kutentha kwakukulu kwa chilimwe kungakweze EC mikhalidwe pamwamba pa 16,000 μS/cm. Kusinthasintha kumeneku nthawi zambiri sikunali kunyalanyazidwa m'mbuyomu, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa sturgeon.

Table: Kuyerekeza kwa EC Monitoring Application Effects ku Caspian Sturgeon Farm

Kutengera ndi zenizeni zenizeni za EC, famuyo idakhazikitsa njira zingapo zosinthira molondola. Miyezo ya EC itatsika pansi pamlingo woyenera, makinawo amachepetsa kulowa kwa madzi abwino ndikuyambitsanso kubwereza kuti awonjezere nthawi yosungira madzi. Makhalidwe a EC akakhala okwera kwambiri, amawonjezera madzi amchere ndikuwonjezera mpweya. Zosintha izi, zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale ndi chidziwitso champhamvu, tsopano zidathandizidwa ndi sayansi, kuwongolera nthawi ndi kukula kwa zosintha. Malinga ndi malipoti a famu, atatengera kuwunika kwa EC, kukula kwa sturgeon kudakwera ndi 28%, zokolola za caviar za premium zidakwera kuchoka pa 65% mpaka 82%, ndipo kufa chifukwa cha zovuta zamadzi kudatsika kuchoka pa 12% mpaka 4%.

Kuyang'anira EC kunathandizanso kwambiri pakuchenjeza za kuipitsa msanga. M'chilimwe cha 2021, masensa a EC adazindikira ma spikes achilendo mu dziwe la EC lamadzi kupitilira kusinthasintha kwanthawi zonse. Dongosololi lidapereka chenjezo mwachangu, ndipo akatswiri adazindikira mwachangu madzi otayira akutuluka kuchokera kufakitale yapafupi. Chifukwa chozindikira panthawi yake, famuyo inapatula dziwe lomwe linali lokhudzidwalo ndipo linayambitsa njira zoyeretsera mwadzidzidzi, kulepheretsa kutaya kwakukulu. Izi zitachitika, mabungwe azachilengedwe adagwirizana ndi famuyo kuti akhazikitse chenjezo lazabwino la madzi m'chigawocho potengera kuunikira kwa EC, kumadera ambiri am'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, njira yowunikira ya EC idapereka phindu lalikulu. Mwachizoloŵezi, famuyo inkasinthanitsa madzi mochulukitsitsa monga njira yodzitetezera, kuwononga mphamvu zambiri. Ndi kuwunika kolondola kwa EC, akatswiri adakonza njira zosinthira madzi, ndikuwongolera pakafunika kutero. Deta idawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi pafamuyo kudatsika ndi 35%, kupulumutsa pafupifupi $25,000 pachaka pamitengo yamagetsi. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha madzi okhazikika, kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya za sturgeon kunayenda bwino, kuchepetsa mtengo wa chakudya ndi pafupifupi 15%.

Phunziroli linakumananso ndi zovuta zaukadaulo. Malo okhala mu Nyanja ya Caspian okhala ndi mchere wambiri amafunikira kukhazikika kwa sensa, pomwe ma elekitirodi oyambira amawononga mkati mwa miyezi. Pambuyo pakusintha pogwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi apadera a titaniyamu ndi nyumba zodzitchinjiriza, nthawi ya moyo idapitilira zaka zitatu. Vuto lina linali kuzizira kwa nyengo yachisanu, komwe kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito a sensor. Yankho lake linali kuyika zotenthetsera zing'onozing'ono ndi ma anti-ice buoys pamalo owunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito chaka chonse.

Ntchito yowunika iyi ya EC ikuwonetsa momwe luso laukadaulo lingasinthire machitidwe aulimi achikhalidwe. Woyang’anira famuyo ananena kuti: “Tinkagwira ntchito mumdima, koma tikaona zinthu zenizeni za EC, zili ngati kukhala ndi ‘maso apansi pamadzi’—timatha kumvetsa bwino komanso kulamulira chilengedwe cha mbalamezi.” Kupambana kwa mlanduwu kwachititsa chidwi mabizinesi ena aku Kazakh, kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa sensa ya EC m'dziko lonselo. Mu 2023, Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Kazakhstan unapanganso miyezo yamakampani pakuwunika kwamadzi am'madzi potengera nkhaniyi, zomwe zimafuna kuti mafamu apakati ndi akulu akhazikitse zida zowunikira za EC.

Machitidwe a Salinity Regulation pa Nyanja ya Balkhash Fish Hatchery

Nyanja ya Balkhash, yomwe ili ndi madzi ambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan, ndi malo abwino kwambiri oberekera nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha chilengedwe chake cha brackish. Komabe, mbali yapadera ya nyanjayi ndi kusiyana kwake kwakukulu kwa mchere pakati pa kummawa ndi kumadzulo-dera lakumadzulo, lomwe limadyetsedwa ndi Mtsinje wa Ili ndi magwero ena a madzi opanda mchere, ali ndi mchere wochepa (EC ≈ 300-500 μS/cm), pamene dera lakum'mawa, lopanda potulukira, limadziunjikira mchere (EC ≈ 0μ0 μS / 0,0 cm). Kuchuluka kwa mchere kumeneku kumabweretsa zovuta zapadera kwa malo opulumutsira nsomba, zomwe zimapangitsa mabizinesi am'deralo kufufuza njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wa EC sensor.

Malo obereketsa nsomba a “Aksu”, omwe ali m’mphepete mwa nyanja kumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Balkhash, ndi amene amaweta nyama zokazinga kwambiri m’derali, ndipo amaweta mitundu yambiri ya madzi opanda mchere monga carp, silver carp, ndi bighead carp, komanso kuyesa nsomba zapadera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi brackish. Njira zachikale zobereketsa ziwopsezo zinali zovuta kuswana, makamaka m'nyengo yachisanu yosungunuka pamene madzi a Ili Mtsinje akuthamanga kwambiri kuchititsa kusinthasintha kwa madzi olowera ku EC (200–800 μS/cm), kusokoneza kwambiri kukula kwa dzira ndi kupulumuka kwachangu. Mu 2022, hatchery idayambitsa njira yoyendetsera mchere yokhazikika pa masensa a EC, zomwe zidasintha izi.

Pakatikati pa makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito ma transmitters a EC a Shandong Renke, okhala ndi 0-20,000 μS/cm osiyanasiyana ndi ± 1% olondola kwambiri, makamaka oyenerera malo amchere a Nyanja ya Balkhash. Netiweki ya sensa imayikidwa pazida zazikulu monga njira zolowera, matanki oyikira, ndi ma reservoirs, kutumiza zidziwitso kudzera pa basi ya CAN kupita kwa wowongolera wapakati wolumikizidwa ndi zida zosakaniza zamadzi / nyanja zamchere kuti zisinthe nthawi yeniyeni ya mchere. Dongosololi limaphatikizanso kutentha, okosijeni wosungunuka, ndi kuwunika kwina kwa magawo, kupereka chithandizo chokwanira cha data pakuwongolera hatchery.

Mazira a nsomba amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa mchere. Mwachitsanzo, mazira a carp amaswa bwino mkati mwa EC osiyanasiyana 300-400 μS/cm, ndi kupatuka komwe kumayambitsa kutsika kwa kuswa komanso kufooka kwakukulu. Kupyolera mu kuyang'anira kosalekeza kwa EC, akatswiri adapeza kuti njira zachikhalidwe zimalola kusinthasintha kwenikweni kwa thanki yoyamwitsira EC kupitirira zomwe timayembekezera, makamaka panthawi ya kusinthana kwa madzi, ndi kusiyana kwa ± 150 μS/cm. Dongosolo latsopanoli lidakwanitsa kusintha kwa ± 10 μS/cm, kukweza kuchuluka kwa hatch kuchokera pa 65% mpaka 88% ndikuchepetsa kupunduka kuchoka pa 12% mpaka pansi pa 4%. Kuwongolera uku kumathandizira kwambiri kupanga mwachangu komanso kubweza chuma.

Panthawi yoweta mwachangu, kuwunika kwa EC kunatsimikiziranso kufunikira. Malo opulumukirako amagwiritsira ntchito kusintha kwa mchere pang'onopang'ono kuti akonzekere mwachangu kuti atulutse m'madera osiyanasiyana a Nyanja ya Balkhash. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina a sensa ya EC, akatswiri amawongolera bwino madontho a mchere kudutsa maiwe olera, kusintha kuchokera kumadzi oyera oyera (EC ≈ 300 μS/cm) kupita kumadzi amchere (EC ≈ 3,000 μS/cm). Kukhazikika kumeneku kunathandiza kuti nyama zisamafe ndi 30-40%, makamaka magulu omwe amapita kumadera akum'mawa kwa mchere wambiri.

Zowunikira za EC zidathandiziranso kuwongolera bwino kwa madzi. Dera la Nyanja ya Balkhash likukumana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa madzi, ndipo malo osungiramo madzi achikhalidwe amadalira kwambiri madzi apansi panthaka kuti asinthe mchere, womwe udali wokwera mtengo komanso wosakhazikika. Posanthula mbiri yakale ya sensa ya EC, akatswiri adapanga njira yabwino kwambiri yosanganikirana ndi madzi a pansi pa nyanja, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi apansi ndi 60% pokwaniritsa zofunikira pakuswa, kupulumutsa pafupifupi $12,000 pachaka. Mchitidwe umenewu unalimbikitsidwa ndi mabungwe a zachilengedwe a m'deralo monga chitsanzo cha kusunga madzi.

Ntchito yatsopano pankhaniyi inali kuphatikiza kuwunika kwa EC ndi data yanyengo kuti apange zitsanzo zolosera. Dera la Nyanja ya Balkhash nthawi zambiri kumagwa mvula yambiri komanso kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa m'nyengo ya masika, zomwe zimayambitsa kusefukira kwadzidzidzi kwa Ili River komwe kumakhudza mchere wa hatchery inlet. Pophatikiza deta ya EC sensor network ndi zolosera zanyengo, kachitidwe kameneka kamalosera zolowera za EC zikusintha maola 24-48 pasadakhale, kusinthiratu kusanganikirana kwa ma ratios kuti ayendetse bwino. Ntchitoyi idakhala yofunika kwambiri pa kusefukira kwa madzi mchaka cha 2023, kusungitsa kuswana kupitirira 85% pomwe malo obereketsa omwe ali pafupi adatsika pansi pa 50%.

Pulojekitiyi idakumana ndi zovuta zosinthira. Madzi a m'nyanja ya Balkhash ali ndi kuchuluka kwa carbonate ndi sulphate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma electrode achuluke kwambiri omwe amalepheretsa kuyeza kwake. Yankho lake linali kugwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi apadera oletsa makulitsidwe okhala ndi makina oyeretsera odzitchinjiriza omwe amayeretsa mawola 12 aliwonse. Kuphatikiza apo, ma plankton ambiri m'nyanjayi amatsatiridwa ndi ma sensor, kuchepetsedwa ndikuwongolera malo oyikapo (kupewa madera okhala ndi biomass) ndikuwonjezera kutsekereza kwa UV.

Kupambana kwa "Aksu" hatchery kukuwonetsa momwe ukadaulo wa EC sensor ungathane ndi zovuta zaulimi wamadzi m'malo apadera azachilengedwe. Mtsogoleri wa polojekitiyi anati, "Makhalidwe amchere a Nyanja ya Balkhash kale anali mutu wathu waukulu kwambiri, koma tsopano ndi mwayi wotsogolera sayansi - poyendetsa bwino EC, timapanga malo abwino a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsomba ndi magawo a kukula." Mlanduwu umapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pazamoyo zam'madzi m'nyanja zofananira, makamaka omwe ali ndi kupendekera kwa mchere kapena kusinthasintha kwa nyengo ya mchere.

Titha kuperekanso njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera

1. M'manja mita kwa Mipikisano parameter madzi khalidwe

2. Dongosolo la Buoy loyandama lamtundu wamadzi wamitundu yambiri

3. Burashi yotsuka yokha yamadzi ambiri amadzimadzi

4. Seti yathunthu ya ma seva ndi pulogalamu yopanda zingwe, imathandizira RS485 GPRS / 4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za Water quality sensor zambiri,

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