Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Machitidwe Atsopano a Makina Otsukira Mapanelo a Photovoltaic ku Saudi Arabia

Monga limodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri za dzuwa padziko lonse lapansi, Saudi Arabia ikupanga makampani ake opanga magetsi a photovoltaic kuti asinthe kapangidwe ka mphamvu. Komabe, mvula yamkuntho ya mchenga yomwe imachitika kawirikawiri m'madera achipululu imayambitsa fumbi lalikulu pamalo a PV panel, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu zopangira magetsi—chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimalepheretsa phindu lazachuma la malo opangira magetsi a dzuwa. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika bwino momwe makina oyeretsera mapanelo a PV amagwiritsidwira ntchito ku Saudi Arabia, poyang'ana momwe njira zoyeretsera zanzeru zomwe makampani aukadaulo aku China amagwirira ntchito pothana ndi mavuto a madera achipululu. Kudzera m'maphunziro angapo, ikuwonetsa zabwino zawo zaukadaulo ndi zabwino zachuma. Kuchokera ku gombe la Red Sea kupita ku mzinda wa NEOM, komanso kuchokera ku ma PV achikhalidwe okhazikika mpaka ku machitidwe otsatirira, zida zoyeretsera zanzeruzi zikukonzanso mitundu yokonza ma PV aku Saudi ndi mphamvu zawo zapamwamba, zosunga madzi, komanso luso lodziyimira pawokha, pomwe zikupereka njira zaukadaulo zobwerezabwereza zopangira mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso ku Middle East.

Mavuto a Fumbi ndi Zosowa Zoyeretsa mu Makampani Opanga Ma PV ku Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia ili ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa yapadera kwambiri, ndipo maola a dzuwa pachaka opitilira 3,000 ndi kuthekera kopanga ma PV kufika pa 2,200 TWh/chaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa madera omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo padziko lonse lapansi pakukula kwa ma PV. Motsogozedwa ndi njira ya dziko lonse ya "Vision 2030", Saudi Arabia ikufulumizitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zongowonjezwdwa, ikuyang'ana 58.7 GW ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa pofika chaka cha 2030, ndipo ma PV a dzuwa ndi omwe ali ambiri. Komabe, ngakhale kuti chipululu chachikulu cha Saudi Arabia chimapereka malo okwanira opangira magetsi a dzuwa, chimakhalanso ndi zovuta zapadera zogwirira ntchito - kusonkhanitsa fumbi komwe kumabweretsa kutayika kwa magwiridwe antchito.

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti m'madera ena a Arabian Peninsula, ma PV panels amatha kutaya 0.4–0.8% ya mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa tsiku lililonse chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa fumbi, ndipo kutayika komwe kungapitirire 60% panthawi yamkuntho waukulu wamchenga. Kuchepa kwa mphamvu kumeneku kumakhudza mwachindunji phindu la zachuma la zomera za PV, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyeretsa ma module kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusamalira ma PV m'chipululu. Fumbi limakhudza ma PV panels kudzera m'njira zitatu zazikulu: choyamba, tinthu ta fumbi timatseka kuwala kwa dzuwa, kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa photon ndi maselo a dzuwa; chachiwiri, zigawo za fumbi zimapanga zotchinga kutentha, kuonjezera kutentha kwa ma module ndikuchepetsanso mphamvu yosinthira; ndipo chachitatu, zigawo zowononga mu fumbi lina zimatha kuwononga magalasi ndi mafelemu achitsulo kwa nthawi yayitali.

Nyengo yapadera ya ku Saudi Arabia ikuwonjezera vutoli. Dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Red Sea kumadzulo kwa Saudi Arabia silimangokumana ndi fumbi lochuluka komanso mpweya wamchere wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zosakaniza zomata za fumbi la mchere pamalo ozungulira. Dera la kum'mawa limakumana ndi mvula yamkuntho yamchenga yomwe imatha kuyika fumbi lolimba pamapanelo a PV mkati mwa nthawi yochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, Saudi Arabia ili ndi vuto la kusowa kwa madzi ambiri, pomwe 70% ya madzi akumwa amadalira kuchotsa mchere m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira zachikhalidwe zotsukira pamanja zikhale zodula komanso zosakhazikika. Zinthu izi pamodzi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa njira zotsukira za PV zokha, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi moyenera komanso moyenera.

Gome: Kuyerekeza kwa Makhalidwe a Kuipitsidwa kwa Mapanelo a PV m'madera osiyanasiyana a Saudi Arabia

Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la makampaniwa, msika wa PV ku Saudi Arabia ukusintha kuchoka pa kuyeretsa pamanja kupita ku kuyeretsa mwanzeru. Njira zachikhalidwe zogwiritsira ntchito pamanja zikuwonetsa zoletsa zomveka bwino ku Saudi Arabia: kumbali imodzi, malo akutali okhala m'chipululu amapangitsa kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito zikhale zokwera kwambiri; kumbali ina, kusowa kwa madzi kumalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kutsuka ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti m'mafakitale akutali, ndalama zoyeretsera pamanja zimatha kufika $12,000 pa MW pachaka, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri kumatsutsana ndi njira zosungira madzi ku Saudi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, maloboti oyeretsera pamanja amasonyeza ubwino waukulu, kupulumutsa ndalama zopitilira 90% za ogwira ntchito pomwe akukonza bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi kudzera mukuwongolera molondola kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa ndi mphamvu.

Boma la Saudi Arabia ndi mabungwe achinsinsi akuzindikira kufunika kwa ukadaulo wanzeru woyeretsa, zomwe zimalimbikitsa njira zodziyimira pawokha mu National Renewable Energy Program (NREP). Malangizo a ndondomekoyi afulumizitsa kugwiritsa ntchito maloboti oyeretsa m'misika ya Saudi PV. Makampani aukadaulo aku China, omwe ali ndi zinthu zawo zakale komanso chidziwitso chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito m'chipululu, akhala ogulitsa otsogola pamsika woyeretsa ma PV ku Saudi Arabia. Mwachitsanzo, Renoglean Technology, yomwe ndi mnzake wa Sungrow, yapeza ma oda opitilira 13 GW a maloboti oyeretsa ku Middle East, kukhala mtsogoleri pamsika ku Saudi Arabia pa njira zoyeretsera zanzeru.

Kuchokera pakukula kwa ukadaulo, msika woyeretsa ma PV ku Saudi Arabia ukuwonetsa njira zitatu zomveka bwino: choyamba, kusintha kuchokera ku kuyeretsa kwa ntchito imodzi kupita ku ntchito zophatikizika, ndi maloboti omwe akuphatikiza kwambiri kuyang'anira ndi kuzindikira malo otentha; chachiwiri, kusintha kuchokera ku mayankho ochokera kunja kupita ku zosinthika zapakhomo, ndi zinthu zomwe zasinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi nyengo ya Saudi; ndipo chachitatu, kupita patsogolo kuchokera ku ntchito yodziyimira payokha kupita ku mgwirizano wamakina, kuphatikiza kwambiri ndi machitidwe otsatirira ndi nsanja zanzeru za O&M. Izi pamodzi zimayendetsa kukonza ma PV ku Saudi ku chitukuko chanzeru komanso chogwira ntchito bwino, kupereka chitsimikizo chaukadaulo chokwaniritsa zolinga zamagetsi obwezerezedwanso pansi pa "Vision 2030."

Zinthu Zaukadaulo ndi Kapangidwe ka Dongosolo la Maloboti Oyeretsera PV

Maloboti oyeretsera anzeru a PV, monga njira zothetsera mavuto aukadaulo m'malo achipululu cha Saudi Arabia, amaphatikiza zatsopano paukadaulo wamakina, sayansi ya zida, ndi ukadaulo wa IoT. Poyerekeza ndi njira zoyeretsera zachikhalidwe, makina amakono a roboti amasonyeza ubwino waukulu waukadaulo, ndi mapangidwe ofunikira okhudzana ndi zolinga zinayi: kuchotsa fumbi bwino, kusunga madzi, kuwongolera mwanzeru, komanso kudalirika. Pansi pa nyengo yovuta kwambiri yachipululu cha Saudi Arabia, zinthu izi zimakhala zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji ndalama zokonzera nthawi yayitali komanso ndalama zopangira magetsi.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro amakina, maloboti otsukira msika waku Saudi makamaka amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: omangidwira pa njanji ndi odziyendetsa okha. Maloboti omangidwira pa njanji nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ku PV array supports, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pake pakhale ponseponse kudzera mu njanji kapena makina a chingwe—abwino kwambiri pa zomera zazikulu zomangidwira pansi. Maloboti odziyendetsa okha amapereka kuyenda kwakukulu, koyenera PV yogawidwa padenga kapena malo ovuta. Pa ma module a bifacial ndi machitidwe otsatirira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Saudi Arabia, opanga otsogola monga Renoglean apanga maloboti apadera okhala ndi "ukadaulo wapadera wa mlatho" womwe umalola kuti machitidwe oyeretsa ndi njira zotsatirira zigwirizane bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti kuyeretsa kogwira mtima ngakhale pamene ma arrays akusintha ma ngodya.

Zigawo zazikulu za njira zoyeretsera zikuphatikizapo maburashi ozungulira, zida zochotsera fumbi, makina oyendetsa, ndi mayunitsi owongolera. Kufunikira kwa msika wa Saudi kwapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe mosalekeza m'magawo awa: maburashi okhala ndi maburashi ochepa kwambiri komanso a carbon-fiber amachotsa bwino fumbi la mchere popanda kukanda pamwamba pa ma module; ma bearing odzipaka okha mafuta ndi ma mota otsekedwa amatsimikizira kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo amchenga; ma air blowers ophatikizidwa okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu amalimbana ndi dothi lolimba pomwe akuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi. Mtundu wa Renoglean wa PR200 ulinso ndi dongosolo la burashi "lodziyeretsa lokha" lomwe limachotsa fumbi losonkhanitsidwa lokha panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito oyeretsa nthawi zonse.

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Makina oyendetsa ndi magetsi amapereka ntchito yodalirika. Kuwala kwa dzuwa ku Saudi Arabia kumapereka malo abwino kwambiri opangira ma robot oyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa. Mitundu yambiri imagwiritsa ntchito makina amphamvu awiri kuphatikiza mapanelo a PV ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ndi mabatire a lithiamu, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino masiku a mitambo. Chofunika kwambiri, kuti athetse kutentha kwambiri kwa chilimwe, opanga otsogola apanga makina apadera oyang'anira kutentha kwa mabatire pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosintha magawo ndi kuzizira kogwira ntchito kuti asunge kutentha kotetezeka, zomwe zimawonjezera moyo wa batri. Kwa ma mota oyendetsa, ma mota a DC opanda brushless (BLDC) ndi omwe amakondedwa chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwawo bwino komanso kusakonza bwino, kugwira ntchito ndi zochepetsera molondola kuti zipereke mphamvu zokwanira pamtunda wamchenga.

Makina owongolera anzeru amagwira ntchito ngati "ubongo" wa loboti ndipo amayimira kusiyana kwakukulu kwaukadaulo. Ma robot amakono oyeretsa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi masensa ambiri oteteza chilengedwe omwe amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa fumbi, nyengo, ndi kutentha kwa module nthawi yeniyeni. Ma algorithms a AI amasintha njira zotsukira motsatira deta iyi, kusintha kuchoka pa nthawi yokonzedwa kupita ku kuyeretsa komwe kumafunidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kukulitsa kuyeretsa mvula isanayambe mvula yamkuntho komanso kukulitsa nthawi mvula ikagwa. "Cloud Communication Control System" ya Renoglean imathandizanso kulumikizana kwa maloboti ambiri m'mafakitale, kupewa kusokonezeka kosafunikira pakupanga magetsi kuchokera ku ntchito zoyeretsa. Zinthu zanzeruzi zimathandiza maloboti oyeretsa kuti azigwira ntchito bwino ngakhale nyengo yosinthasintha ya Saudi Arabia.

Kapangidwe ka netiweki yolumikizirana ndi kasamalidwe ka deta kakonzedwanso kuti kagwirizane ndi mikhalidwe ya ku Saudi Arabia. Popeza malo ambiri akutali a zomera zazikulu za PV omwe ali ndi zomangamanga zosakwanira, makina oyeretsera ma robot amagwiritsa ntchito ma netiweki osakanizidwa: afupiafupi kudzera pa LoRa kapena Zigbee mesh, akutali kudzera pa 4G/satellite. Kuti deta ikhale yotetezeka, makina amathandizira kusungirako deta m'deralo komanso kusunga deta mumtambo, mogwirizana ndi malamulo okhwima a Saudi Arabia. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyang'anira ma robot onse nthawi yeniyeni kudzera pa mapulogalamu am'manja kapena mawebusayiti, kulandira machenjezo olakwika, ndikusintha magawo akutali - zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kuyendetsa bwino ntchito.

Kuti apange mapangidwe olimba, maloboti oyeretsera akonzedwa bwino kwambiri kuyambira kusankha zinthu mpaka kukonza pamwamba pa malo otentha kwambiri ku Saudi Arabia, chinyezi chambiri, komanso mchere wambiri. Mafelemu a aluminiyamu amawotchedwa, zolumikizira zofunika kwambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti zisawonongeke ndi dzimbiri la mchere wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Red Sea; zida zonse zamagetsi zimakwaniritsa miyezo yotetezedwa ndi mafakitale yokhala ndi kutseka bwino kuti zisalowe m'mchenga; njanji za rabara kapena matayala opangidwa mwapadera amasunga kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwambiri, kuteteza kukalamba kwa zinthu kuchokera ku kutentha kwa m'chipululu. Mapangidwe awa amathandiza maloboti oyeretsera kuti akwaniritse nthawi yapakati pakati pa kulephera (MTBF) yopitilira maola 10,000 m'mikhalidwe yovuta ku Saudi Arabia, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zokonzera moyo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino maloboti oyeretsera a PV ku Saudi Arabia kumadaliranso machitidwe ogwirira ntchito m'deralo. Opanga otsogola monga Renoglean akhazikitsa malo osungiramo zida zosinthira ndi malo ophunzitsira zaukadaulo ku Saudi Arabia, akupanga magulu okonza zinthu m'deralo kuti ayankhe mwachangu. Kuti agwirizane ndi miyambo yachikhalidwe cha Saudi Arabia, malo olumikizirana ndi zolemba zilipo mu Chiarabu, ndipo nthawi yokonza zinthu imakonzedwa kuti ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito pa tchuthi cha Chisilamu. Njira yozama iyi yokonzera zinthu m'deralo sikuti imangowonjezera kukhutitsidwa kwa makasitomala komanso imayika maziko olimba opitirizira kukulitsa ukadaulo wanzeru waku China woyeretsa m'misika ya Middle East.

Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa AI ndi IoT, maloboti oyeretsera a PV akusintha kuchoka pa zida zosavuta zoyeretsera kukhala ma node anzeru a O&M. Zogulitsa zatsopano tsopano zikuphatikiza zida zowunikira monga makamera ojambulira kutentha ndi ma IV curve scanners, kuchita macheke a thanzi la zigawo panthawi yoyeretsa; ma algorithms ophunzirira makina amasanthula deta yoyeretsera kwa nthawi yayitali kuti alosere momwe fumbi limasonkhanira komanso kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito a ma module. Ntchito zowonjezeredwazi zimakweza udindo wa maloboti oyeretsera m'mafakitale a PV aku Saudi, pang'onopang'ono amasintha kuchoka ku malo osungira ndalama kukhala opanga phindu omwe amapereka phindu lowonjezera kwa osunga ndalama m'mafakitale.

Chikwama Chotsukira Mwanzeru ku Red Sea Coastal PV Plant

Pulojekiti ya Red Sea PV ya 400 MW, yomwe inali fakitale yayikulu yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa ku Saudi Arabia, inakumana ndi mavuto ambiri okhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso chinyezi chambiri m'derali, zomwe zinakhala chitsanzo chachikulu cha ukadaulo wanzeru waku China woyeretsa ku Saudi Arabia. Yopangidwa ndi ACWA Power, ntchitoyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la mapulani a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso a Saudi "Vision 2030". Malo ake ali ndi nyengo yapadera kwambiri: kutentha kwapakati pachaka kumapitirira 30°C, chinyezi nthawi zonse chimapitirira 60%, ndipo mpweya wokhala ndi mchere wambiri umapanga mosavuta ma crusts olimba ngati fumbi la mchere pamapanelo a PV—mikhalidwe yomwe njira zoyeretsera zachikhalidwe sizigwira ntchito komanso zodula.

Pothana ndi mavutowa, pulojekitiyi idagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeretsera yokonzedwa ndi Renoglean yochokera ku ma robot oyeretsera a PV otsatizana ndi PR, kuphatikiza njira zambiri zamakono makamaka zomwe zimakhala ndi mchere wambiri: mafelemu a titanium alloy osagwira dzimbiri ndi ma bearings otsekedwa amaletsa kuwonongeka kwa mchere ku zinthu zofunika kwambiri; ulusi wa burashi wokonzedwa bwino umapewa kulowetsedwa kwa tinthu ta mchere ndi kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri panthawi yoyeretsa; makina owongolera adawonjezera masensa a chinyezi kuti asinthe mphamvu yoyeretsera yokha pansi pa chinyezi chambiri kuti zitheke bwino. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, ma robot oyeretsera a pulojekitiyi adalandira satifiketi yapamwamba kwambiri yolimbana ndi dzimbiri padziko lonse lapansi, yomwe ikuyimira njira yoyeretsera yapamwamba kwambiri ku Middle East panthawiyo.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa makina oyeretsera a pulojekiti ya Red Sea kunawonetsa kusinthasintha kwapadera kwaukadaulo. Maziko ofewa a m'mphepete mwa nyanja adayambitsa kusakhazikika kosagwirizana pa malo ena oimikapo magalimoto, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti njanji zisinthe mpaka ±15 cm. Gulu laukadaulo la Renoglean lidapanga makina oimikapo magalimoto osinthika omwe amalola maloboti oyeretsera kuti azigwira ntchito bwino pakutalika kumeneku, kuonetsetsa kuti kuphimba koyeretsera sikukhudzidwa ndi malo. Makinawa adagwiritsanso ntchito mapangidwe a modular, ndi mayunitsi a loboti imodzi yokhala ndi magawo pafupifupi 100 a array—mayunitsi amatha kugwira ntchito pawokha kapena kugwirizanitsa kudzera mu central control kuti azitha kuyang'anira bwino chomera chonse. Kapangidwe kosinthasintha aka kamathandizira kwambiri kukula kwamtsogolo, kulola mphamvu yoyeretsera kukula pamodzi ndi mphamvu ya chomera.

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