M'zaka zaposachedwapa, boma la India, mogwirizana ndi makampani aukadaulo, lakhala likulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera nthaka zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja, cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza alimi kukonza bwino zisankho zobzala, kuwonjezera zokolola, komanso kuchepetsa kuwononga zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waulimi wolondola. Ntchitoyi yapeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri m'maboma akuluakulu angapo a ulimi ndipo yakhala yofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa ulimi ku India.
Chiyambi: Mavuto omwe ulimi ukukumana nawo
India ndi dziko lachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi lomwe limapanga ulimi wambiri, ndipo ulimi umapanga pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya GDP yake ndipo umapereka ntchito zoposa 50 peresenti. Komabe, ulimi ku India wakhala ukukumana ndi mavuto ambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa nthaka, kusowa kwa madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza molakwika, komanso zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo. Alimi ambiri alibe njira zasayansi zoyesera nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti feteleza ndi kuthirira zisagwire bwino ntchito, ndipo zokolola za mbewu zimakhala zovuta kuzikonza.
Poyankha mavutowa, boma la India lazindikira ukadaulo wa ulimi wolondola ngati gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula ndipo lalimbikitsa mwamphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito masensa a nthaka ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja. Zipangizozi zimatha kuzindikira mwachangu chinyezi cha nthaka, pH, kuchuluka kwa michere ndi zizindikiro zina zofunika kuti alimi apange mapulani obzala mbewu asayansi.
Kuyambitsa pulojekitiyi: Kukwezedwa kwa masensa a nthaka ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja
Mu 2020, Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Ubwino wa Alimi ku India, mogwirizana ndi makampani angapo aukadaulo, adayambitsa pulogalamu yatsopano ya "Soil Health Card" kuti iphatikizepo masensa a nthaka ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja. Opangidwa ndi makampani aukadaulo akumaloko, masensa awa ndi otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera alimi ang'onoang'ono.
Chojambulira nthaka chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja, pochiyika m'nthaka, chingapereke deta yeniyeni panthaka mkati mwa mphindi zochepa. Alimi amatha kuwona zotsatira zake kudzera mu pulogalamu ya foni yam'manja ndikupeza upangiri wokhudza feteleza ndi kuthirira. Ukadaulo uwu sumangopulumutsa nthawi ndi ndalama zoyesera zachikhalidwe za labotale, komanso umathandiza alimi kusintha njira zawo zobzala kutengera momwe nthaka ilili.
Phunziro la chitsanzo: Kuchita bwino ku Punjab
Punjab ndi limodzi mwa madera akuluakulu ku India omwe amapanga chakudya ndipo amadziwika ndi ulimi wake wa tirigu ndi mpunga. Komabe, feteleza wochuluka kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuthirira mosayenera kwapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yotsika, zomwe zakhudza zokolola za mbewu. Mu 2021, Dipatimenti ya Ulimi ku Punjab inayesa zoyezera nthaka zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja m'midzi ingapo ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa.
Baldev Singh, mlimi wakomweko, anati: “Tisanayambe feteleza chifukwa cha luso lathu, tinkawononga feteleza ndipo nthaka inali kuipiraipira. Tsopano ndi sensa iyi, ndimatha kudziwa zomwe nthaka ikusowa komanso kuchuluka kwa feteleza woti ndigwiritse ntchito. Chaka chatha ndinawonjezera tirigu wanga ndi 20 peresenti ndipo ndinachepetsa ndalama zomwe ndimawononga feteleza ndi 30 peresenti.”
Ziwerengero zochokera ku Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ku Punjab zikusonyeza kuti alimi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito manja achepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi avareji ya 15-20 peresenti pomwe awonjezera zokolola za mbewu ndi 10-25 peresenti. Zotsatirazi sizimangowonjezera ndalama za alimi, komanso zimathandiza kuchepetsa zotsatira zoyipa za ulimi pa chilengedwe.
Thandizo la boma ndi maphunziro a alimi
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zoyezera nthaka zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, boma la India lapereka ndalama zothandizira alimi kugula zipangizozi pamtengo wotsika. Kuphatikiza apo, boma lagwirizana ndi makampani a zaulimi kuti achite maphunziro osiyanasiyana kuti athandize alimi kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito zipangizozi komanso momwe angakulitsire njira zobzala mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito deta.
Narendra Singh Tomar, Nduna ya Zaulimi ndi Ubwino wa Alimi, anati: “Zida zoyezera nthaka zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakusintha ulimi wa ku India. Sikuti zangothandiza alimi kuwonjezera zokolola zawo ndi ndalama zawo, komanso zalimbikitsa ulimi wokhazikika. Tipitiliza kukulitsa njira zamakonozi kuti tifikire alimi ambiri.”
Maonekedwe amtsogolo: Kutchuka kwa ukadaulo ndi kuphatikiza deta
Zipangizo zoyezera nthaka zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja zagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maboma angapo a ulimi ku India, kuphatikizapo Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh ndi Gujarat. Boma la India likukonzekera kukulitsa ukadaulo uwu kwa alimi 10 miliyoni mdziko lonselo m'zaka zitatu zikubwerazi ndikuchepetsa ndalama zogulira zida.
Kuphatikiza apo, boma la India likukonzekera kuphatikiza deta yosonkhanitsidwa ndi masensa a nthaka ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja mu National Agricultural Data Platform kuti ithandizire chitukuko cha mfundo ndi kafukufuku waulimi. Izi zikuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo luso laukadaulo komanso mpikisano waulimi waku India.
Mapeto
Kuyambitsidwa kwa masensa ogwiritsira ntchito nthaka m'manja ku India ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera bwino komanso kukhazikika kwa ulimi mdzikolo. Kudzera mu mphamvu yaukadaulo, alimi aku India amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu ndikuwonjezera zokolola pomwe akuchepetsa zovuta zachilengedwe. Nkhani yopambanayi sikuti imangopereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakukweza ulimi waku India, komanso imayika chitsanzo kwa mayiko ena omwe akutukuka kuti alimbikitse ukadaulo waulimi wolondola. Ndi kufalikira kwaukadaulo, India ikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi udindo wofunikira kwambiri m'munda waukadaulo waulimi wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-03-2025