Poganizira za kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse lapansi komwe kwakula, kuyang'anira bwino mvula kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakulamulira kusefukira kwa madzi ndi kuchepetsa chilala, kasamalidwe ka madzi, ndi kafukufuku wa nyengo. Zipangizo zowunikira mvula, monga chida chofunikira kwambiri chosonkhanitsira deta ya mvula, zasintha kuchoka pa zida zoyezera mvula zachikhalidwe kupita ku makina anzeru ogwiritsira ntchito ma sensa ophatikiza intaneti ya Zinthu ndi ukadaulo wanzeru wochita kupanga. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zaukadaulo ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito ma sensa a mvula ndi ma sensa amvula, ndikusanthula momwe ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi wowunikira mpweya ukuyendera. Chisamaliro chapadera chidzaperekedwa ku zomwe zikuchitika pakukula kwa ntchito yowunikira mpweya m'maiko monga China ndi United States, kuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa komanso zomwe zikuchitika mtsogolo paukadaulo wowunikira mvula kwa owerenga.
Kusintha kwa ukadaulo ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa zida zowunikira mvula
Mvula, monga cholumikizira chofunikira kwambiri pa kayendedwe ka madzi, muyeso wake wolondola ndi wofunika kwambiri pa kulosera za nyengo, kafukufuku wamadzi ndi machenjezo oyambirira a masoka. Zipangizo zowunikira mvula, patatha zaka zana za chitukuko, zapanga njira yonse yaukadaulo kuyambira pazida zamakina zachikhalidwe mpaka masensa anzeru apamwamba, kukwaniritsa zosowa zowunikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zipangizo zowunikira mvula zomwe zilipo pano zimaphatikizapo masensa achikhalidwe amvula, masensa amvula okhala ndi tipping bucket ndi masensa amvula a piezoelectric omwe akubwera, ndi zina zotero. Chilichonse cha izi chili ndi mawonekedwe ake ndipo chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe osiyana malinga ndi kulondola, kudalirika komanso malo oyenera.
Chiyeso chachikale cha mvula chimayimira njira yofunika kwambiri yoyezera mvula. Kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta koma kogwira mtima. Ma gauge wamba amvula nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chokhala ndi mainchesi okwana Ф200±0.6mm. Amatha kuyeza mvula ndi mphamvu ya ≤4mm/min, yokhala ndi resolution ya 0.2mm (yofanana ndi 6.28ml ya voliyumu yamadzi). Pansi pa mayeso okhazikika mkati, kulondola kwawo kumatha kufika ±4%. Chipangizo chamakina ichi sichifuna magetsi akunja ndipo chimagwira ntchito kutengera mfundo zenizeni zakuthupi. Chili ndi kudalirika kwakukulu komanso kukonza kosavuta. Kapangidwe ka chiyeso cha mvula kalinso kosamala kwambiri. Malo otulutsira mvula amapangidwa ndi pepala lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kudzera mu kupondaponda konse ndi kujambula, ndi kusalala kwakukulu, komwe kungachepetse bwino cholakwika chomwe chimachitika chifukwa cha kusunga madzi. Buluu losinthika lokhazikika mkati limathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha zidazo kuti zigwire bwino ntchito. Ngakhale kuti ma gauge achikhalidwe amvula ali ndi zoletsa pankhani ya automation ndi scalability yogwira ntchito, mphamvu ya deta yawo yoyezera imawapangitsa kukhalabe zida zoyezera za madipatimenti a nyengo ndi madzi kuti azichita zowonera zamabizinesi ndikuyerekeza mpaka lero.
Sensa yoyezera mvula ya tipping bucket yafika pamlingo wodziyimira pawokha komanso kutulutsa deta pogwiritsa ntchito silinda yachikhalidwe yoyezera mvula. Mtundu uwu wa sensa umasintha mvula kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi kudzera mu njira yoyezera mvula kawiri yopangidwa mosamala - pamene chidebe chimodzi chimalandira madzi kufika pamtengo wokonzedweratu (nthawi zambiri 0.1mm kapena 0.2mm mvula), chimagubuduzika chokha chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka, ndipo nthawi yomweyo chimapanga chizindikiro cha pulse 710 kudzera mu njira ya magnetic steel ndi reed switch. Sensa yoyezera mvula ya FF-YL yopangidwa ndi Hebei Feimeng Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. ndi yoyimira wamba. Chipangizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito gawo la tipping bucket lopangidwa ndi jekeseni wa pulasitiki waukadaulo. Dongosolo lothandizira limapangidwa bwino ndipo lili ndi nthawi yaying'ono yolimbana ndi kukangana. Chifukwa chake, ndi losavuta kutembenuka ndipo limagwira ntchito bwino. Sensa yoyezera mvula ya tipping bucket ili ndi mzere wabwino komanso mphamvu yolimbana ndi kusokoneza. Kuphatikiza apo, funnel idapangidwa ndi mabowo a maukonde kuti masamba ndi zinyalala zina zisatseke madzi amvula kuti asatsike pansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yodalirika kwambiri m'malo akunja. Choyezera mvula cha TE525MM cha Campbell Scientific Company ku United States chakweza kulondola kwa muyeso wa chidebe chilichonse kufika pa 0.1mm. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya mphepo yamphamvu pa kulondola kwa muyeso ikhoza kuchepetsedwa posankha zenera lakutsogolo, kapena mawonekedwe opanda zingwe akhoza kukhala ndi zida zotumizira deta kutali 10.
Sensa ya mvula ya piezoelectric ikuyimira ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wowunikira mvula womwe ulipo. Imataya kwathunthu zida zosuntha zamakina ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito filimu ya piezoelectric ya PVDF ngati chipangizo chowunikira mvula. Imayesa mvula pofufuza chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya kinetic chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mphamvu ya madontho amvula. Sensa ya mvula ya FT-Y1 piezoelectric yopangidwa ndi Shandong Fengtu Internet of Things Technology Co., Ltd. ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha ukadaulo uwu. Imagwiritsa ntchito netiweki ya neural ya AI yolumikizidwa kuti isiyanitse zizindikiro za madontho amvula ndipo imatha kupewa bwino zinthu zoyambitsa zonyenga zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kusokoneza monga mchenga, fumbi, ndi kugwedezeka 25. Sensa iyi ili ndi zabwino zambiri: kapangidwe kophatikizana kopanda zigawo zowonekera komanso kuthekera kosefa zizindikiro zosokoneza zachilengedwe; Muyeso wake ndi wokulirapo (0-4mm/min), ndipo resolution ndi yokwera kufika pa 0.01mm. Kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo kumakhala kofulumira ( Gome: Kuyerekeza Magwiridwe Antchito a Zipangizo Zowunikira Mvula Yaikulu Mtundu wa zida, mfundo yogwirira ntchito, ubwino ndi kuipa, kulondola kwachizolowezi, zochitika zoyenera Chitsulo chachikale cha mvula chimasonkhanitsa mwachindunji madzi amvula kuti chiyesedwe, chokhala ndi kapangidwe kosavuta, chodalirika kwambiri, palibe chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito magetsi ndi kuwerenga ndi manja, komanso ntchito imodzi ya malo owonetsera nyengo ndi malo owonera ndi manja. Makina oyezera mvula a chidebe choyezera mvula amasintha mvula kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi kuti ziyesedwe zokha. Detayo ndi yosavuta kutumiza. Zigawo za makina zimatha kutha ndipo zimafunika kukonzedwa nthawi zonse. ±3% (2mm/min mvula yamphamvu) malo oyezera nyengo okha, malo owunikira madzi Sensa ya piezoelectric rain gauge imapanga zizindikiro zamagetsi kuchokera ku mphamvu ya kinetic ya madontho a mvula kuti iwunikidwe. Ilibe magawo osuntha, resolution yapamwamba, mtengo wokwera wotsutsana ndi kusokoneza, ndipo imafuna njira yogwiritsira ntchito zizindikiro ya ≤±4% pa meteorology ya magalimoto, malo odziyimira okha m'munda, ndi mizinda yanzeru. Kuwonjezera pa zida zowunikira zokhazikika zochokera pansi, ukadaulo woyezera mvula ukukulanso kuti ukhale wowunikira kutali pogwiritsa ntchito mlengalenga komanso mpweya. Radar yamvula yochokera pansi imazindikira mphamvu ya mvula potulutsa mafunde amagetsi ndikusanthula ma echo omwazikana a mitambo ndi tinthu ta mvula. Imatha kuyang'anira mosalekeza kwambiri, koma imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutsekedwa kwa malo ndi nyumba za m'mizinda. Ukadaulo wowunikira kutali wa satellite "umawona" mvula ya Dziko lapansi kuchokera mumlengalenga. Pakati pawo, passive microwave remote sensing imagwiritsa ntchito kusokoneza kwa tinthu ta mvula pa radiation yakumbuyo kuti isinthe, pomwe active microwave remote sensing (monga DPR radar ya satellite ya GPM) imatulutsa mwachindunji zizindikiro ndikulandira ma echo, ndikuwerengera mphamvu ya mvula 49 kudzera mu ubale wa ZR (Z=aR^b). Ngakhale ukadaulo wowunikira kutali uli ndi kufalikira kwakukulu, kulondola kwake kumadalirabe pakuwunika deta ya gauge ya mvula ya pansi. Mwachitsanzo, kuwunika komwe kunachitika mu Laoha River Basin ku China kukuwonetsa kuti kusiyana pakati pa 3B42V6 ndi zomwe zapezeka pa nthaka ndi 21%, pomwe kusiyana kwa 3B42RT ndi komwe kwachitika nthawi yeniyeni kuli pafupifupi 81%. Kusankha zida zowunikira mvula kuyenera kuganizira bwino zinthu monga kulondola kwa muyeso, kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe, zofunikira pakukonza ndi mtengo. Zipangizo zoyesera mvula zachikhalidwe ndizoyenera ngati zida zowunikira deta. Zipangizo zoyesera mvula zoyezera chidebe cha tipping zimayesa bwino mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito ndipo ndi njira yokhazikika yokhazikitsira zinthu m'malo ochitira nyengo okha. Zipangizo zoyezera magetsi, zomwe zimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa chilengedwe komanso mulingo wanzeru, zikukulitsa pang'onopang'ono kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo m'munda wa kuwunika kwapadera. Ndi chitukuko cha intaneti ya zinthu ndi ukadaulo wanzeru zopanga, netiweki yowunikira yophatikizana yaukadaulo wambiri idzakhala njira yamtsogolo, kukwaniritsa njira yowunikira mvula yonse yomwe imaphatikiza mfundo ndi malo ndikulumikiza mpweya ndi nthaka. Zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito zida zowunikira mvula Deta ya mvula, monga gawo lofunikira la nyengo ndi madzi, yakulitsa minda yake yogwiritsira ntchito kuyambira pakuwona nyengo yachikhalidwe mpaka pazinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kuwongolera kusefukira kwa madzi m'mizinda, kupanga ulimi, ndi kasamalidwe ka magalimoto, ndikupanga njira yonse yogwiritsira ntchito yomwe ikuphimba mafakitale ofunikira azachuma cha dziko. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wowunikira komanso kukonza luso losanthula deta, zida zowunikira mvula zikuchita gawo lofunika kwambiri pazochitika zambiri, kupereka maziko asayansi kwa anthu kuti athetse mavuto a kusintha kwa nyengo ndi madzi. Kuyang'anira nyengo ndi madzi komanso chenjezo la masoka achilengedwe Kuyang'anira nyengo ndi madzi ndi gawo lachikhalidwe komanso lofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zamvula. Mu netiweki ya dziko lonse yowonera nyengo, zoyezera mvula ndi zoyezera mvula za tipping bucket ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale deta yosonkhanitsira mvula. Deta iyi si yofunikira pongolowera poneneratu nyengo, komanso ndi deta yoyambira yofufuza za nyengo. Netiweki yoyezera mvula ya MESO-scale rain gauge (MESONET) yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Mumbai yawonetsa kufunika kwa netiweki yowunikira anthu ambiri - posanthula deta ya nyengo ya mvula kuyambira 2020 mpaka 2022, ofufuza adawerengera bwino kuti liwiro lapakati la mvula yamphamvu linali makilomita 10.3-17.4 pa ola limodzi, ndipo njira inali pakati pa madigiri 253-260. Zomwe zapezekazi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukonza chitsanzo cholosera mvula yamkuntho m'mizinda. Ku China, "Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu la 14 la Chitukuko cha Madzi" limafotokoza momveka bwino kuti ndikofunikira kukonza netiweki yowunikira madzi, kuwonjezera kuchuluka ndi kulondola kwa kuwunika mvula, ndikupereka chithandizo pakupanga zisankho zowongolera kusefukira kwa madzi ndi kuthetsa chilala. Mu dongosolo lochenjeza kusefukira kwa madzi, deta yowunikira mvula nthawi yeniyeni imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Masensa a mvula amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu machitidwe owunikira ndi kupereka malipoti a madzi omwe cholinga chake ndi kuwongolera kusefukira kwa madzi, kutumiza madzi, ndi kuyang'anira momwe madzi alili m'malo opangira magetsi ndi malo osungiramo madzi. Pamene mphamvu ya mvula yapitirira malire omwe adakhazikitsidwa kale, dongosololi likhoza kuyambitsa chenjezo lokumbutsa madera omwe ali pansi pa mtsinjewo kukonzekera kuwongolera kusefukira kwa madzi. Mwachitsanzo, sensa ya mvula ya tipping bucket FF-YL ili ndi ntchito ya alamu yolamulira mvula ya nthawi zitatu. Imatha kupereka ma alamu osiyanasiyana a mawu, kuwala ndi mawu kutengera mvula yosonkhanitsidwa, motero imagula nthawi yamtengo wapatali yopewera masoka ndi kuchepetsa masoka. Yankho lowunikira mvula lopanda zingwe la Campbell Scientific Company ku United States limatumiza deta nthawi yeniyeni kudzera mu mawonekedwe a CWS900, ndikukweza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito owunikira ndi 10. Ntchito zoyendetsera mizinda ndi mayendedwe Kumangidwa kwa mizinda yanzeru kwabweretsa njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo wowunikira mvula. Poyang'anira njira zotulutsira madzi m'mizinda, masensa amvula omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito amatha kumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa mvula m'dera lililonse nthawi yeniyeni. Pophatikizidwa ndi chitsanzo cha netiweki yamadzi, amatha kulosera zoopsa za kusefukira kwa madzi m'mizinda ndikukonza kutumiza kwa malo opopera madzi. Masensa amvula a piezoelectric, omwe ali ndi kukula kwake kochepa (monga FT-Y1) komanso kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa chilengedwe, ndi oyenera kwambiri kuyikidwa mobisa m'mizinda 25. Madipatimenti owongolera kusefukira kwa madzi m'mizinda ikuluikulu monga Beijing ayamba kuyesa ma netiweki anzeru owunikira mvula pogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ya Zinthu. Kudzera mu kuphatikiza deta ya masensa ambiri, cholinga chawo ndi kukwaniritsa kulosera molondola komanso kuyankha mwachangu kusefukira kwa madzi m'mizinda. Pankhani yoyang'anira magalimoto, masensa amvula akhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pamayendedwe anzeru. Zipangizo zamvula zomwe zimayikidwa m'misewu yayikulu komanso m'misewu yayikulu ya m'mizinda zimatha kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa mvula nthawi yeniyeni. Mvula yamphamvu ikapezeka, imayambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana kuti ipereke machenjezo oletsa liwiro kapena kuyambitsa njira yotulutsira madzi mu ngalande. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi kutchuka kwa masensa amvula agalimoto - masensa awa owoneka bwino kapena opatsa mphamvu, omwe nthawi zambiri amabisika kumbuyo kwa galasi lakutsogolo, amatha kusintha liwiro la wiper malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mvula yomwe imagwa pagalasi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha magalimoto chikhale chokwera kwambiri nthawi yamvula. Msika wapadziko lonse wa masensa amvula agalimoto umayang'aniridwa kwambiri ndi ogulitsa monga Kostar, Bosch, ndi Denso. Zipangizozi zolondola zikuyimira ukadaulo wamakono wozindikira mvula. Kupanga ulimi ndi kafukufuku wa zachilengedwe Kukula kwa ulimi wolondola sikusiyana ndi kuyang'anira mvula m'munda. Deta ya mvula imathandiza alimi kukonza mapulani othirira, kupewa kutaya madzi komanso kuonetsetsa kuti zosowa za madzi za mbewu zakwaniritsidwa. Zosewerera mvula (monga zoyezera mvula zosapanga dzimbiri) zomwe zili m'malo olima ndi nkhalango zili ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu oletsa dzimbiri komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, ndipo zimatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika m'malo otchire kwa nthawi yayitali. M'madera okhala ndi mapiri ndi mapiri, netiweki yowunikira mvula yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana imatha kuzindikira kusiyana kwa malo a mvula ndikupereka upangiri waulimi waumwini paminda yosiyanasiyana. Mafamu ena apamwamba ayamba kuyesa kulumikiza deta ya mvula ndi njira zothirira zokha kuti akwaniritse kasamalidwe kabwino ka madzi. Kafukufuku wa zamadzimadzi a m'chilengedwe amadaliranso pakuwunika kwabwino kwa mvula. Pakufufuza za zachilengedwe za m'nkhalango, kuyang'anira mvula mkati mwa nkhalango kumatha kusanthula momwe denga limakhudzira mvula. Pakuteteza madambo, deta ya mvula ndi yofunika kwambiri pakuwerengera bwino madzi; Pankhani yosunga nthaka ndi madzi, chidziwitso cha mphamvu ya mvula chimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kulondola kwa zitsanzo za kukokoloka kwa nthaka 17. Ofufuza ku Old Ha River Basin ku China adagwiritsa ntchito deta yoyezera mvula ya pansi kuti aone kulondola kwa zinthu za satellite monga TRMM ndi CMORPH, zomwe zimapereka maziko ofunikira pakukonza ma algorithms ozindikira kutali. Njira yowunikira ya "malo-pansi yophatikizana" iyi ikukhala njira yatsopano yofufuzira za eco-hydrology. Magawo apadera ndi mapulogalamu atsopano Makampani opanga magetsi ndi mphamvu nawonso ayamba kuyika kufunika kwa kuwunika mvula. Mafamu amphepo amagwiritsa ntchito deta ya mvula kuti awone kuopsa kwa icing ya masamba, pomwe malo opangira magetsi amadzi amawongolera mapulani awo opangira magetsi kutengera momwe mvula imayendere m'chigwacho. Chowunikira mvula cha piezoelectric FT-Y1 chagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo lowunikira zachilengedwe m'mafamu amphepo. Kutentha kwake kwakukulu kogwira ntchito kuyambira -40 mpaka 85℃ ndikoyenera kwambiri kuwunika kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa nyengo yovuta. Malo oyendetsera ndege ali ndi zofunikira zapadera zowunikira mvula. Netiweki yowunikira mvula kuzungulira bwalo la ndege imapereka chitsimikizo cha chitetezo cha ndege, pomwe malo oyambitsira roketi amafunika kumvetsetsa bwino momwe mvula imakhalira kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha kuyambitsidwa. Pakati pa ntchito zofunika izi, zida zodalirika kwambiri zoyezera mvula (monga Campbell TE525MM) nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa ngati masensa apakati. Kulondola kwawo kwa ±1% (pansi pa mphamvu ya mvula ya ≤10mm/hr) ndi kapangidwe kake komwe kangakhale ndi mphete zoteteza mphepo zimakwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima yamakampani 10. Madera a kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi maphunziro akukulitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira mvula. Zowunikira mvula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zophunzitsira ndi zoyesera mu maphunziro a meteorology, hydrology ndi sayansi ya zachilengedwe m'makoleji ndi masukulu a sekondale kuti zithandize ophunzira kumvetsetsa mfundo yoyezera mvula. Mapulojekiti a sayansi ya nzika amalimbikitsa anthu kutenga nawo mbali pakuwunika mvula ndikukulitsa kufalikira kwa netiweki yowunikira pogwiritsa ntchito zoyezera mvula zotsika mtengo. Pulogalamu yophunzitsa ya GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) ku United States ikuwonetsa bwino mfundo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ukadaulo wowunikira kutali kwa ophunzira kudzera mu kusanthula koyerekeza kwa deta ya satellite ndi mvula yapansi. Ndi chitukuko cha intaneti ya zinthu, deta yayikulu komanso ukadaulo wanzeru zopanga, kuyang'anira mvula kukusintha kuchoka pa kuyesa kwa mvula imodzi kupita ku kuzindikira kogwirizana kwa magawo ambiri komanso kuthandizira zisankho zanzeru. Dongosolo loyang'anira mvula mtsogolo lidzalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi masensa ena azachilengedwe (monga chinyezi, liwiro la mphepo, chinyezi cha nthaka, ndi zina zotero) kuti apange netiweki yokwanira yowonera zachilengedwe, yopereka chithandizo chokwanira komanso cholondola cha deta kwa anthu kuti athetse mavuto a kusintha kwa nyengo ndi madzi. Kuyerekeza momwe ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi wowunikira mpweya ulili pakadali pano ndi mayiko Ukadaulo wowunikira mpweya, monga kuwunika mvula, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakuwona zachilengedwe ndipo umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse lapansi, chitetezo cha mafakitale, thanzi la anthu ndi zina. Kutengera kapangidwe ka mafakitale awo, mfundo zachilengedwe ndi milingo yaukadaulo, mayiko ndi madera osiyanasiyana amapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zopititsira patsogolo kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowunikira mpweya. Monga dziko lalikulu lopanga zinthu komanso malo atsopano otsogola paukadaulo, China yapita patsogolo kwambiri pakufufuza ndi kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito masensa a gasi. United States, podalira mphamvu zake zaukadaulo komanso dongosolo lonse lokhazikika, ili ndi udindo wotsogola paukadaulo wowunikira mpweya komanso magawo ofunikira kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito. Mayiko aku Europe akulimbikitsa zatsopano zaukadaulo wowunikira ndi malamulo okhwima oteteza chilengedwe. Japan ndi South Korea zili ndi maudindo ofunikira m'magawo amagetsi ndi masensa a gasi a magalimoto. Kukula ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ukadaulo Wowunikira Gasi ku China Ukadaulo wowunikira mpweya ku China wasonyeza kupita patsogolo kwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo wapita patsogolo kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga chitetezo cha mafakitale, kuyang'anira chilengedwe ndi thanzi lachipatala. Malangizo a mfundo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa msika wowunikira mpweya ku China mwachangu. "Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu la 14 Lopanga Mankhwala Oopsa Pachitetezo" likufuna kuti malo opangira mankhwala azikhazikitsa njira yowunikira mpweya woopsa komanso woopsa komanso njira yochenjeza msanga ndikulimbikitsa kumanga nsanja yanzeru yowongolera zoopsa. Pansi pa mfundoyi, zida zowunikira mpweya m'nyumba zagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu monga mankhwala a petrochemical ndi migodi ya malasha. Mwachitsanzo, zida zowunikira mpweya woopsa zamagetsi ndi zida zowunikira mpweya woyaka wa infrared zakhala njira zodziwika bwino zotetezera mafakitale. Pankhani yowunikira zachilengedwe, China yakhazikitsa netiweki yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse yowunikira ubwino wa mpweya, yomwe ikuphatikiza mizinda 338 m'maboma ndi m'mizinda yoposa madera onse mdzikolo. Netiwekiyi imayang'anira makamaka magawo asanu ndi limodzi, omwe ndi SO₂, NO₂, CO, O₃, PM₂.₅ ndi PM₁₀, omwe anayi oyamba ndi oipitsa mpweya. Deta yochokera ku China National Environmental Monitoring Centre ikuwonetsa kuti pofika mu 2024, pali malo owunikira ubwino wa mpweya oposa 1,400 m'dziko lonselo, onse okhala ndi zowunikira mpweya zokha. Deta yeniyeni imaperekedwa kwa anthu onse kudzera mu "National Urban Air Quality Real-Time Release Platform". Mphamvu yayikuluyi yowunikira mpweya imapereka maziko asayansi a zomwe China ikuchita popewa ndikuwongolera kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya. Chonde funsani Honde Technology Co., LTD. Email: info@hondetech.com Webusaiti ya kampani:www.hondetechco.com Foni: +86-15210548582
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-11-2025