Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse kukuchulukirachulukira, kuchulukitsitsa ndi kuopsa kwa moto wa m’nkhalango kukupitirirabe, zikumaika chiwopsezo chachikulu ku chilengedwe ndi chitaganya cha anthu. Kuti athane ndi vutoli, bungwe la United States Forest Service (USFS) latumiza njira zotsogola za malo oyaka moto m'nkhalango. Malo opangira nyengowa amathandiza kulosera ndi kuyankha moto wa nkhalango m’njira zosiyanasiyana, monga tafotokozera m’munsimu:
1. Kuwunika kwa nthawi yeniyeni ya meteorological data
Ntchito yayikulu ya malo oyaka moto m'nkhalango ndikuwunika zofunikira zanyengo munthawi yeniyeni, kuphatikiza:
Kutentha ndi chinyezi: Kutentha kwambiri ndi kutsika kwa chinyezi ndizo zimayambitsa moto wa nkhalango. Poyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kutentha ndi kusintha kwa chinyezi, malo owonetsera nyengo amatha kuzindikira nthawi ya ngozi yamoto.
Liwiro la mphepo ndi mayendedwe: Mphepo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza liwiro la kufalikira kwa moto. Malo okwerera nyengo amatha kuyang'anira kuthamanga kwa mphepo ndi komwe akupita mu nthawi yeniyeni kuti athandizire kulosera njira ndi liwiro la kufalikira kwa moto.
Mvula ndi chinyezi cha nthaka: Mvula ndi chinyezi cha nthaka zimakhudza mwachindunji kuuma kwa zomera. Poyang'anira izi, malo owonetsera nyengo amatha kuwunika momwe moto ungathere komanso kuopsa kwa moto.
Deta yeniyeniyi imatumizidwa ku National Fire Prediction Center (NFPC) kudzera pa satellite ndi maukonde apansi, kupereka maziko ofunikira a machenjezo a moto.
2. Kuwunika zoopsa za moto ndi chenjezo loyambirira
Kutengera zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndi meteorological station, National Fire Prediction Center imatha kuwunika zoopsa zamoto ndikutulutsa zidziwitso zofananirako zochenjeza. Masitepe enieni ndi awa:
Kusanthula deta ndi zitsanzo: Pogwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu apamwamba ndi zitsanzo, santhulani deta yazanyengo kuti muwone kuthekera ndi momwe moto ungakhudzire.
Gulu la Zowopsa: Kutengera zotsatira zowunikira, chiwopsezo chamoto chimagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana, monga otsika, apakatikati, okwera, komanso oopsa kwambiri.
Kutulutsidwa kwa phindu: Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ngozi, kutulutsa zidziwitso zochenjeza zamoto panthawi yake kukumbutsa madipatimenti oyenera komanso anthu kuti achitepo kanthu zodzitetezera.
Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa nyengo ya kutentha kwakukulu, chinyezi chochepa ndi mphepo yamphamvu, malo ochenjeza oyambirira angapereke chenjezo lachiwopsezo chachikulu, kulangiza anthu kuti apewe ntchito zapanja m'madera a nkhalango ndi kulimbikitsa njira zopewera moto.
3. Kuyerekeza kufalikira kwa moto ndi kulosera kwa njira
Deta yochokera ku meteorological station sikuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochenjeza za moto woyaka, komanso kuyerekezera kufalikira kwa moto ndi kulosera za njira. Pophatikiza deta yanyengo ndi machitidwe a chidziwitso cha malo (GIS), ofufuza angathe:
Tsanzirani kufalikira kwa moto: Gwiritsani ntchito zitsanzo zamakompyuta kuti muyesere kufalikira ndi liwiro la moto pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yazanyengo.
Kuneneratu za madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi moto: Kutengera zotsatira zofananira, kulosera madera omwe angakhudzidwe ndi moto kumathandiza kupanga mapulani ogwira mtima kwambiri oyankha mwadzidzidzi.
Mwachitsanzo, moto ukayaka, deta yochokera kumalo anyengo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonzanso zitsanzo zozimitsa moto m’nthaŵi yeniyeni, kuthandiza ozimitsa moto kuti agwiritse ntchito zipangizo ndi ogwira ntchito molondola.
4. Yankho ladzidzidzi ndi kugawa zinthu
Deta yazanyengo yoperekedwa ndi malo okwerera nyengo ndiyofunikira pakuyankha kwadzidzidzi komanso kugawa kwazithandizo:
Kugawa kwa zida zozimitsa moto: Potengera kuopsa kwa moto ndi njira zofalikira, madipatimenti ozimitsa moto amatha kugawira anthu ozimitsa moto ndi zida, monga magalimoto ozimitsa moto ndi ndege zozimitsa moto.
Kusamutsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwanso kwa anthu ogwira ntchito: Moto ukawopsyeza malo okhala, deta yochokera kumalo anyengo ingathandize kudziwa njira zabwino zopulumukiramo ndi malo osamukirako kuti anthu okhalamo akhale otetezeka.
Thandizo lazinthu: Deta yazanyengo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pothandizira mayendedwe kuwonetsetsa kuti ozimitsa moto ndi zida zimagwira ntchito bwino ndikuwongolera bwino kuzimitsa moto.
5. Chitetezo ndi kubwezeretsa chilengedwe
Kuphatikiza pa kupewa ndi kuyankha moto, deta yochokera kumalo anyengo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito poteteza ndi kubwezeretsa chilengedwe:
Ecological impact assessment: Posanthula deta yazanyengo, ofufuza atha kuwunika momwe moto umakhudzidwira kwanthawi yayitali ndikupanga mapulani ofananirako obwezeretsanso chilengedwe.
Kasamalidwe ka zomera: Zambiri zokhudza nyengo zingathandize kupanga njira zoyendetsera zomera, monga kulamulira kukula kwa zomera zomwe zimatha kuyaka komanso kuchepetsa moto.
Kafukufuku wokhudza kusintha kwa nyengo: Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta kwanthawi yayitali kungathandize kuphunzira momwe kusintha kwanyengo kumakhudzira chilengedwe chankhalango ndikupereka maziko opangira njira zodzitetezera.
6. Kugwirizana kwa anthu ndi maphunziro a anthu
Zomwe zachokera kumalo okwerera nyengo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthandizira mgwirizano wamagulu ndi maphunziro a anthu:
Maphunziro a kapewedwe ka moto m'madera: Pogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zanyengo, maphunziro a kapewedwe ka moto amachitika pofuna kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso ndi luso la anthu okhalamo.
Njira yochenjeza anthu: Kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga mafoni a m'manja ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, zidziwitso zochenjeza anthu zamoto zimaperekedwa mwachangu kwa anthu kukumbutsa anthu kuti achitepo kanthu.
Kutenga nawo mbali modzipereka: Anthu odzipereka akulimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito zopewera moto, monga kuthandiza anthu kuti asamuke ndi kupereka chithandizo chothandizira, kuti athe kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zopewera moto m'deralo.
Mapeto
Malo oteteza moto m'nkhalango amathandizira kwambiri kulosera ndi kuchitapo kanthu ku moto wa nkhalango poyang'anira zomwe zachitika m'nthawi yeniyeni, kuwunika zoopsa zamoto, kuyerekezera njira zoyatsira moto, komanso kuthandizira pakuyankha mwadzidzidzi komanso kugawa zinthu. Malo owonetsera nyengowa samangowonjezera mphamvu zopewera moto ndi kuyankha, komanso amapereka chithandizo chofunikira pachitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi chitetezo cha anthu.
Potsutsana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse ndi masoka achilengedwe omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri, kugwiritsa ntchito malo oyaka moto m'nkhalango mosakayika kwapereka malingaliro atsopano ndi njira zothetsera kuteteza nkhalango padziko lonse. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa teknoloji ndi kuzama kwa mgwirizano, ntchito yoletsa moto m'nkhalango idzakhala yasayansi komanso yothandiza kwambiri, zomwe zikuthandizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa mgwirizano pakati pa munthu ndi chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-24-2025