Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse kukukulirakulira, kuchuluka ndi mphamvu ya moto m'nkhalango zikupitirira kuwonjezeka, zomwe zikuika pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku chilengedwe ndi anthu. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, bungwe la United States Forest Service (USFS) lakhazikitsa malo ochitirako ntchito zotentha moto m'nkhalango. Malo ochitirako ntchito zotentha awa amathandiza kulosera ndi kuyankha moto m'nkhalango m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga tafotokozera pansipa:
1. Kuwunika deta ya nyengo nthawi yeniyeni
Ntchito yaikulu ya malo osungiramo nyengo ya moto m'nkhalango ndikuwunika momwe nyengo ikuyendera nthawi yeniyeni, kuphatikizapo:
Kutentha ndi chinyezi: Kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi chochepa ndiye zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa moto m'nkhalango. Mwa kuyang'anira nthawi zonse kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi, malo owonetsera nyengo amatha kuzindikira nthawi zomwe moto umakhala waukulu.
Liwiro la mphepo ndi komwe ikupita: Mphepo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza liwiro la kufalikira kwa moto. Malo owonetsera nyengo amatha kuyang'anira liwiro la mphepo ndi komwe ikupita nthawi yeniyeni kuti athandize kuneneratu njira ndi liwiro la kufalikira kwa moto.
Mvula ndi chinyezi cha nthaka: Mvula ndi chinyezi cha nthaka zimakhudza mwachindunji kuuma kwa zomera. Poyang'anira deta iyi, malo owonetsera nyengo amatha kuwona kuthekera ndi mphamvu ya moto.
Deta imeneyi nthawi yeniyeni imatumizidwa ku National Fire Prediction Center (NFPC) kudzera pa ma satellite ndi ma network apansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale machenjezo ofunikira pa moto.
2. Kuwunika zoopsa za moto ndi chenjezo loyambirira
Kutengera ndi deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa ndi siteshoni ya nyengo, National Fire Prediction Center imatha kuchita kuwunika zoopsa za moto ndikupereka machenjezo oyenera. Njira zenizeni ndi izi:
Kusanthula deta ndi kupanga chitsanzo: Pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ndi ma model apamwamba, santhulani deta ya nyengo kuti muwone kuthekera ndi momwe moto ungakhudzire.
Kugawa pamlingo wa chiopsezo: Kutengera zotsatira za kusanthula, chiopsezo cha moto chimagawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana, monga chiopsezo chotsika, chapakati, chachikulu, ndi chachikulu kwambiri.
Kutulutsidwa kwa ndalama: Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo, chidziwitso cha machenjezo a moto omwe atulutsidwa panthawi yake kuti chikumbutse madipatimenti oyenerera ndi anthu onse kuti achitepo kanthu popewa ngozi.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati nyengo ili yotentha kwambiri, chinyezi chochepa komanso mphepo yamphamvu, malo ochenjeza anthu msanga angapereke chenjezo loopsa, kulangiza anthu okhala m'deralo kuti apewe zochitika zakunja m'nkhalango ndikulimbitsa njira zopewera moto.
3. Kuyerekezera kufalikira kwa moto ndi kuneneratu njira
Deta yochokera ku siteshoni ya nyengo siigwiritsidwa ntchito pongochenjeza moto msanga, komanso poyerekezera kufalikira kwa moto ndi kulosera njira. Mwa kuphatikiza deta ya nyengo ndi machitidwe odziwitsa za malo (GIS), ofufuza angathe:
Yerekezerani kufalikira kwa moto: Gwiritsani ntchito makompyuta kuti muyesere njira yofalikira ndi liwiro la moto pansi pa nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Kuneneratu madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi moto: Kutengera zotsatira za kuyerekezera, kuneneratu madera omwe angakhudzidwe ndi moto kumathandiza kupanga mapulani othandiza kwambiri othandizira pa nthawi yadzidzidzi.
Mwachitsanzo, moto ukayamba, deta yochokera ku malo owonetsera nyengo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha mitundu yofalitsira moto nthawi yeniyeni, kuthandiza madipatimenti ozimitsa moto kutumiza zinthu ndi antchito molondola.
4. Kuyankha mwadzidzidzi ndi kugawa zinthu
Deta ya nyengo yoperekedwa ndi malo ochitira nyengo ndi yofunika kwambiri poyankha zadzidzidzi komanso kugawa zinthu:
Kugawa zinthu zozimitsira moto: Kutengera zoopsa za moto ndi njira zofalikira, madipatimenti ozimitsira moto amatha kugawa bwino ozimitsa moto ndi zida, monga magalimoto ozimitsa moto ndi ndege zozimitsira moto.
Kusamutsa anthu ndi kusamutsa anthu: Moto ukawopseza malo okhala anthu, deta yochokera ku malo osungiramo nyengo ingathandize kudziwa njira zabwino zotulutsira anthu ndi malo osungira anthu kuti anthu okhala m'malowo akhale otetezeka.
Thandizo la Kayendetsedwe ka Zinthu: Deta ya nyengo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pothandizira kayendetsedwe ka zinthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti ozimitsa moto ndi zida zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti zizimitsa moto zizigwira ntchito bwino.
5. Kuteteza ndi kukonzanso zachilengedwe
Kuwonjezera pa kupewa ndi kuyankha moto, deta yochokera ku malo owonetsera nyengo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito poteteza ndi kukonzanso zachilengedwe:
Kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili pa chilengedwe: Mwa kusanthula deta ya nyengo, ofufuza amatha kuwona momwe moto umakhudzira zachilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupanga mapulani ogwirizana ndi kukonzanso zachilengedwe.
Kusamalira zomera: Deta ya nyengo ingathandize kupanga njira zosamalira zomera, monga kuwongolera kukula kwa zomera zomwe zimayaka moto komanso kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa moto.
Kafukufuku wokhudza kusintha kwa nyengo: Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta ya nyengo kwa nthawi yayitali kungathandize kuphunzira momwe kusintha kwa nyengo kumakhudzira zachilengedwe za m'nkhalango ndikupereka maziko opangira njira zodzitetezera zogwira mtima.
6. Mgwirizano wa anthu ammudzi ndi maphunziro a anthu onse
Deta yochokera ku siteshoni ya nyengo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pothandizira mgwirizano wa anthu ammudzi ndi maphunziro a anthu onse:
Maphunziro oletsa moto m'dera: Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya nyengo, maphunziro oletsa moto m'dera amachitidwa kuti apititse patsogolo chidziwitso ndi luso la anthu okhala m'derali pankhani yoletsa moto.
Machenjezo a anthu onse: Kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga mapulogalamu a pafoni ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, chidziwitso cha chenjezo la moto chimaperekedwa mwachangu kwa anthu onse kuti akumbutse anthu okhala m'deralo kuti achitepo kanthu popewa ngozi.
Kutenga nawo mbali modzipereka: Odzipereka m'derali akulimbikitsidwa kutenga nawo mbali pantchito zopewera moto, monga kuthandiza anthu kuchotsa anthu m'mavuto ndi kupereka chithandizo cha zinthu zofunika, kuti apititse patsogolo luso lawo lonse lopewera moto.
Mapeto
Malo ochitira nyengo oletsa moto m'nkhalango amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri poneneratu ndi kuyankha moto m'nkhalango mwa kuyang'anira deta ya nyengo nthawi yeniyeni, kuchita kuwunika zoopsa za moto, kutsanzira njira zofalitsira moto, komanso kuthandiza poyankha mwadzidzidzi komanso kugawa zinthu. Malo ochitira nyengo awa samangothandiza kuti moto ugwire bwino ntchito, komanso amapereka chithandizo chofunikira pa kuteteza zachilengedwe komanso chitetezo cha anthu ammudzi.
Poganizira za kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse komanso masoka achilengedwe omwe amachitika pafupipafupi, kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo moto m'nkhalango mosakayikira kwapereka malingaliro atsopano ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a nkhalango padziko lonse lapansi. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo komanso kulimbitsa mgwirizano, ntchito yoletsa moto m'nkhalango idzakhala yasayansi komanso yothandiza kwambiri, zomwe zingathandize kuti munthu ndi chilengedwe azikhala mogwirizana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-24-2025