Makampani opanga mankhwala oposa 200 mdziko lonselo - kuphatikizapo ambiri ku Texas m'mphepete mwa Gulf Coast - adzafunika kuchepetsa mpweya woipa womwe ungayambitse khansa kwa anthu okhala pafupi motsatira lamulo latsopano la Environmental Protection Agency lomwe lalengezedwa Lachiwiri.
Malo amenewa amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa popanga mapulasitiki, utoto, nsalu zopangidwa, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi petrochemical. Mndandanda wa EPA ukuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 80, kapena 40% ya iwo, ali ku Texas, makamaka m'mizinda ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja monga Baytown, Channelview, Corpus Christi, Deer Park, La Porte, Pasadena ndi Port Arthur.
Lamulo latsopanoli likuyang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa mankhwala asanu ndi limodzi: ethylene oxide, chloroprene, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, ethylene dichloride ndi vinyl chloride. Zonsezi zimadziwika kuti zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa komanso zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, mtima ndi chitetezo chamthupi pambuyo pogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Malinga ndi EPA, lamulo latsopanoli lidzachepetsa matani opitilira 6,000 a mpweya woipa chaka chilichonse ndikuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ndi 96% mdziko lonse.
Lamulo latsopanoli lidzafunanso malo oti akhazikitse zipangizo zowunikira mpweya zomwe zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala enaake pamalo opangira zinthu.
Tikhoza kupereka masensa a gasi okhala ndi magawo ambiri omwe amatha kuyang'anira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gasi
Harold Wimmer, purezidenti komanso CEO wa bungwe la American Lung Association, adati m'mawu ake kuti zowunikira mpweya "zithandiza kuteteza madera apafupi powapatsa chidziwitso cholondola chokhudza mtundu wa mpweya womwe amapuma."
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti madera amitundu yosiyanasiyana ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhudzidwa ndi kuipitsidwa kuchokera ku mafakitale opanga mankhwala.
Cynthia Palmer, katswiri wamkulu wa petrochemicals ku bungwe lopanda phindu la zachilengedwe la Moms Clean Air Force, adati m'mawu ake olembedwa kuti lamulo latsopanoli "ndilofunika kwambiri kwa ine. Mnzanga wapamtima anakulira pafupi ndi malo opangira mankhwala asanu ndi anayi ku Texas omwe adzaphunziridwe mu malamulo atsopanowa. Anamwalira ndi khansa pamene ana ake anali kusukulu ya ana aang'ono."
Palmer anati lamulo latsopanoli ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri pa chilungamo cha chilengedwe.
Chilengezo cha Lachiwiri chabwera mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene EPA yavomereza lamulo lochepetsa utsi wa ethylene oxide wochokera ku malo ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ku Laredo, anthu okhala m'deralo akuti zomera zotere zathandizira kuti chiwerengero cha khansa mumzindawu chiwonjezeke.
Hector Rivero, purezidenti komanso CEO wa Texas Chemistry Council, adati mu imelo kuti lamulo latsopano la EPA lidzakhudza kwambiri kupanga ethylene oxide, yomwe adati ndi yofunika kwambiri pazinthu monga magalimoto amagetsi ndi ma chips a makompyuta, komanso kuyeretsa zinthu zachipatala.
Rivero adati bungweli, lomwe likuyimira malo opitilira 200 mumakampani opanga mankhwala, lidzatsatira malamulo atsopano, koma akukhulupirira kuti momwe EPA idawunikira zoopsa za ethylene oxide paumoyo zinali zolakwika mwasayansi.
"Kudalira kwa EPA pa deta yakale yotulutsa mpweya kwapangitsa kuti pakhale lamulo lomaliza lozikidwa pa zoopsa zochulukira komanso phindu longoganizira," adatero Rivero.
Lamulo latsopanoli likuyamba kugwira ntchito patangopita nthawi yochepa litasindikizidwa mu Federal Register. Kuchepetsa kwakukulu kwa chiopsezo cha khansa kudzabwera chifukwa chochepetsa kutulutsa kwa ethylene oxide ndi chloroprene. Malo ogwirira ntchito ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zochepetsera ethylene oxide mkati mwa zaka ziwiri lamuloli litayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za chloroprene mkati mwa masiku 90 kuchokera tsiku loyambira ntchito.
Victoria Cann, wolankhulira bungwe loona za chilengedwe m'boma, la Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, adati m'mawu ake bungweli lichita kafukufuku kuti liwunikenso kutsata malamulo atsopanowa monga gawo la pulogalamu yake yotsatira malamulo ndi kukakamiza malamulo.
Lamuloli limayang'ana zida zomwe zili m'malo opangira mankhwala zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya woipa monga makina osinthira kutentha (zipangizo zomwe zimatenthetsa kapena kuziziritsa zakumwa), ndi njira monga kutulutsa mpweya ndi kuyatsa zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya mumlengalenga.
Kuwotcha moto nthawi zambiri kumachitika makampani atsopano, kutsekedwa kwa ntchito, ndi mavuto ena. Ku Texas, makampani adanenanso kuti amatulutsa mapaundi miliyoni imodzi a kuipitsa mpweya wochuluka panthawi yozizira kwambiri mu Januwale. Olimbikitsa zachilengedwe ati zochitikazo ndi mipata yopezera chitetezo cha chilengedwe yomwe imalola malo kuipitsa mpweya popanda chilango kapena chindapusa pazochitika zina monga nthawi yamvula kapena masoka achilengedwe.
Lamuloli limafuna kuti malo ogwirira ntchito azipereka malipoti owonjezera okhudza kutsata malamulo ndi kuwunika momwe zinthu zikuyendera pambuyo pa zochitika zotere.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-11-2024