Kupititsa patsogolo kuneneratu kwamtundu wamadzi pogwiritsa ntchito makina othandizira vekitala okhala ndi kusanthula kwamphamvu

Kwa zaka 25, Dipatimenti Yoona Zachilengedwe ku Malaysia (DOE) yakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya Water Quality Index (WQI) yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito magawo asanu ndi limodzi ofunika kwambiri a madzi: mpweya wosungunuka (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, ammonia nitrogen (AN) ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa (SS). Kusanthula kwaubwino wa madzi ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera zopezeka ndi madzi ndipo kuyenera kusamaliridwa bwino kuti kupewe kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kuipitsidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe. Izi zimawonjezera kufunika kofotokozera njira zothandiza zowunikira. Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zamakompyuta apano ndikuti zimafunikira kuwerengetsa kwanthawi yayitali, zovuta, komanso zolakwika za subindex. Kuphatikiza apo, WQI singawerengedwe ngati chimodzi kapena zingapo zamtundu wamadzi zikusowa. Mu phunziro ili, njira yokwaniritsira ya WQI imapangidwira zovuta zomwe zikuchitika panopa. Kuthekera kwa ma modelling oyendetsedwa ndi data, omwe ndi Nu-Radial basis function support vector machine (SVM) yozikidwa pa 10x cross-validation, adapangidwa ndikufufuzidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kulosera kwa WQI mu beseni la Langat. Kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwatsatanetsatane kunachitika pansi pa zochitika zisanu ndi chimodzi kuti muwone momwe fanizoli likulosera mu WQI. Munthawi yoyamba, mtundu wa SVM-WQI udawonetsa luso lotha kubwereza DOE-WQI ndikupeza zotsatira zowerengera kwambiri (malumikizano coefficient r> 0.95, Nash Sutcliffe performance, NSE>0.88, Willmott's consistency index, WI> 0.96). Muchiwonetsero chachiwiri, njira yowonetsera ikuwonetsa kuti WQI ikhoza kuwerengedwa popanda magawo asanu ndi limodzi. Chifukwa chake, gawo la DO ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira WQI. pH imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa WQI. Kuonjezera apo, Zochitika 3 kupyolera mu 6 zimasonyeza bwino kwa chitsanzocho malinga ndi nthawi ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali pochepetsa chiwerengero cha zosinthika muzitsulo zolowetsamo chitsanzo (r> 0.6, NSE> 0.5 (zabwino), WI> 0.7 (zabwino kwambiri)). Kuphatikizidwa pamodzi, chitsanzocho chidzasintha kwambiri ndikufulumizitsa zisankho zoyendetsedwa ndi deta mu kayendetsedwe ka khalidwe la madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti deta ikhale yowonjezereka komanso yogwira ntchito popanda kuthandizidwa ndi anthu.

1 Mawu Oyamba

Mawu akuti “kuipitsa madzi” amatanthauza kuipitsidwa kwa mitundu ingapo ya madzi, kuphatikizapo madzi apamtunda (nyanja, nyanja, ndi mitsinje) ndi madzi apansi panthaka. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakukula kwa vutoli ndi chakuti zowononga sizisamalidwa mokwanira zisanatulutsidwe mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina m'madzi. Kusintha kwa madzi kumakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe cha Marine, komanso kupezeka kwa madzi abwino kwa madzi amtundu wa anthu komanso ulimi. M’mayiko amene akutukuka kumene, kukula msanga kwachuma n’kofala, ndipo ntchito iliyonse imene imalimbikitsa kukula kumeneku ingakhale yovulaza chilengedwe. Pa kayendetsedwe ka madzi kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kuteteza anthu ndi chilengedwe, kuyang'anira ndi kuwunika ubwino wa madzi ndikofunikira. The Water Quality Index, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti WQI, imachokera ku data yamtundu wamadzi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa momwe madzi a mitsinje alili pano. Poyesa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa madzi abwino, zosintha zambiri ziyenera kuganiziridwa. WQI ndi index yopanda miyeso. Zimakhala ndi magawo enieni amadzi. WQI imapereka njira yokhazikitsira mtundu wamadzi am'mbuyomu komanso omwe alipo. Kufunika kopindulitsa kwa WQI kumatha kukhudza zisankho ndi zochita za omwe amapanga zisankho. Pa sikelo ya 1 mpaka 100, kuchuluka kwa index kumapangitsa kuti madzi azikhala bwino. Nthawi zambiri, madzi abwino a malo okwerera mitsinje okhala ndi 80 ndi kupitilira apo amakumana ndi mitsinje yoyera. Mtengo wa WQI pansi pa 40 umadziwika kuti ndi woipitsidwa, pomwe mtengo wa WQI pakati pa 40 ndi 80 ukuwonetsa kuti madziwo alidi oipitsidwa pang'ono.

Nthawi zambiri, kuwerengera WQI kumafuna masinthidwe amfupi omwe amakhala aatali, ovuta, komanso olakwika. Pali zovuta zosagwirizana pakati pa WQI ndi magawo ena amadzi. Kuwerengera ma WQI kungakhale kovuta komanso kumatenga nthawi yayitali chifukwa ma WQI osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa zolakwika. Vuto limodzi lalikulu ndikuti ndizosatheka kuwerengera WQI ngati chimodzi kapena zingapo zamtundu wamadzi zikusowa. Kuphatikiza apo, miyezo ina imafunikira nthawi yambiri, njira zosonkhanitsira zitsanzo zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino kuti atsimikizire kuyesa kolondola kwa zitsanzo ndikuwonetsa zotsatira. Ngakhale kusintha kwaukadaulo ndi zida, kuyang'anira bwino kwa madzi a mitsinje kwakanthawi komanso malo kwalephereka ndi kukwera mtengo kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kasamalidwe.

Zokambiranazi zikuwonetsa kuti palibe njira yapadziko lonse ya WQI. Izi zimabweretsa kufunikira kopanga njira zina zowerengera WQI m'njira yabwino komanso yolondola. Kuwongolera kotereku kungakhale kothandiza kwa oyang'anira zachilengedwe kuti aziwunika ndikuwunika momwe madzi a m'mitsinje alili. M'nkhaniyi, ofufuza ena agwiritsa ntchito bwino AI kulosera WQI; Makina ophunzirira makina opangidwa ndi Ai-based amapewa mawerengedwe ang'onoang'ono ndipo amatulutsa mwachangu zotsatira za WQI. Ma algorithms ophunzirira makina opangidwa ndi Ai akuyamba kutchuka chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kopanda mizere, kuthekera kodziwiratu zochitika zovuta, kutha kuyang'anira ma seti akuluakulu a data kuphatikiza ma data amitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso kusazindikira ku data yosakwanira. Mphamvu zawo zolosera zimadalira kwathunthu njira ndi kulondola kwa kusonkhanitsa deta ndi kukonza.