Kupitirira 'Chidebe Chogunda': Momwe Masensa a Mvula Amagwiritsira Ntchito Kuwala kwa Kuwala Kuti Asinthe Kumvetsetsa Kwathu za Mvula

Ngakhale kuti zida zamakina zimadzaza ndi mvula yambiri komanso zimasweka ndi matalala, sensa yopanda zida zosuntha ikukhala 'woyang'anira chete' wa kuyang'ana nyengo—osati kungowerengera mvula yokha, komanso kudziwa umunthu wapadera wa dontho lililonse.

Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, mfundo yaikulu yoyezera mvula sinasinthe: gwirani madzi amvula m'chidebe chomwe chili ndi malo odziwika bwino, kenako yezani, yezani, kapena muwerenge. Kuyambira pa miyeso yakale ya mvula yaku China mpaka pa zitsanzo zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito zidebe, chinthu chachikulu chakhala "kugwira" ndi "kuchuluka."

Komabe, kusintha kwa chete kwa malingaliro kukuchitika. Chojambulira mvula chowunikira—kapena chowunikira kuwala—chimataya zinthu zonse zamakina. Sichimasonkhanitsa mvula; m'malo mwake, “chimayang'ana” thambo ndi kuwala, monga katswiri wofufuza za fizikisi wosatopa, ndikupanga “mawonekedwe a digito” nthawi yomweyo a tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mvula tomwe timadutsa m'munda wake.

Mfundo Zaukadaulo: Pamene Kuwala Kukumana ndi Dontho la Mvula

Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndi yokongola mu fizikisi yake:

1. Kutulutsa & Kulandira: Sensa imatulutsa kuwala kwa laser kapena infrared komwe kumawunikira kwambiri, ndipo cholandirira cholondola cha kuwala chili kumapeto kwina.
2. Kusinthasintha kwa Chizindikiro ndi Kusokoneza: Popanda mvula, wolandirayo amalandira chizindikiro chokhazikika. Dontho la mvula (kapena chipale chofewa, mwala wa matalala) likadutsa pa denga, limatseka ndikubalalitsa kuwala kwakanthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "kumira" kwapadera mu chizindikiro cholandiridwacho.
3. Kuwerengera Mwanzeru: Purosesa yomwe ili mkati imasanthula kutalika ndi kuzama kwa chizindikirochi nthawi yeniyeni. Ma algorithms apamwamba kenako amatenga kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi liwiro la kugwa.
4. Kutulutsa Deta: Kudzera mu ziwerengero zosalekeza, sizimangopereka mvula yonse ndi mphamvu yake, komanso kugawa kwa dontho, ndipo zimatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa mvula, chipale chofewa, matalala, ndi mvula yamphamvu.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi ndi zatsopano? Ubwino Unayi Wosokoneza

1. Kulondola Kwambiri, Tsalani bwino ndi "Kuwerengera Kochepa"
Ma gauge achikhalidwe a tipping-bucket amatha kuwerengedwa mochepa kwambiri mvula ikagwa kwambiri (zolakwika zopitilira 20%) chifukwa chidebecho sichingagwedezeke mwachangu mokwanira. Masensa owonera amayesa pa ma millisecond frequency, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti deta ikhale yokwanira ndi 99% ngakhale mvula yamkuntho yamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mvula iyambe bwino, ifike kumapeto, komanso nthawi yomweyo.

2. Deta ya Magawo Ambiri: Kuchokera ku "Zonse" mpaka "Chithunzi"
Zipangizo zakale zimangoyankha "kuchuluka kwa madzi." Zipangizo zowunikira zimajambula "chithunzi cha microphysical" cha mvula: Kodi imapangidwa ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono osawerengeka kapena yolamulidwa ndi madontho akuluakulu ochepa? Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pophunzira za kukokoloka kwa nthaka (madontho akuluakulu amawononga kwambiri), kuwerengera kwa radar, kutsimikizira chitsanzo cha nyengo, ndi kulosera zamadzi.

3. Ntchito Yosakonza Zinthu Mopanda Mantha, Mopanda Mantha M'malo Ovuta Kwambiri
Popeza palibe zida zamakina zoti ziziziritsa, kutsekeka, kuwonongeka, kapena kuwononga, kapangidwe kake ka "solid-state" kamalola kuti kagwiritsidwe ntchito pamapiri akutali, ma buoy a m'nyanja, magalimoto oyenda, ndi ma drones. Sichifuna kukonza kulikonse, ndipo moyo wake umapitirira zaka khumi.

4. Kugwirizana kwa IoT Yachikhalidwe
Deta imatumizidwa mwachindunji kudzera pa ma netiweki opanda zingwe. Ndi malo abwino kwambiri omangira ma netiweki owonera nyengo okhala ndi anthu ambiri, otsika mtengo, komanso anzeru, opereka deta yapamwamba kwambiri yowongolera kusefukira kwa madzi mumzinda, ulimi wolondola, chitetezo cha ndege, ndi kafukufuku wasayansi.

Zochitika Zokhudza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zosintha Padziko Lonse

Chitsanzo 1: "Wofalitsa Uthenga" wa Madzi Osefukira
Mu Switzerland Alps, ma network a optical sensor omwe amaikidwa m'malo otsetsereka amapereka osati kokha kuchuluka kwa mvula yolondola komanso, kudzera mu data yeniyeni ya dontho, amazindikira ngati mvulayo ndi "yoopsa kwambiri" (madontho akuluakulu) kapena "yoopsa kwambiri." Mu 2023, makina oterewa adapereka chenjezo lofunikira la mphindi 45 m'mbuyomu la kusefukira kwa madzi poyerekeza ndi ma network achikhalidwe.

Chitsanzo Chachiwiri: “Nsanja ya Olonda” Yoteteza Pabwalo la Ndege
Ku Frankfurt Airport, masensa owonera omwe ali pafupi ndi malo oimikapo magalimoto amasiyanitsa nthawi yeniyeni pakati pa mvula yozizira, ma pellets a ayezi, ndi chipale chofewa, zomwe zimatumiza deta yamtundu ndi mphamvu mwachindunji ku gulu lowongolera ndi magulu ochotsa ayezi. Izi zawonjezera mphamvu yochotsera ayezi ndi 30% komanso zathandiza kwambiri chitetezo cha ndege poyenda/kutera.

Chitsanzo Chachitatu: "Maikulosikopu" ya Kafukufuku wa Zaulimi
Gulu lofufuza la UC limagwiritsa ntchito masensa owonera kuti afufuze mawonekedwe a "mvula" omwe amapangidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothirira (kudontha poyerekeza ndi kupopera). Detayo inathandiza kukonza kapangidwe ka mutu wa sprinkler, kukonza kufanana kwa madzi othirira ndi 15% ndikuchepetsa kutumphuka kwa nthaka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha madontho akuluakulu.

Chitsanzo Chachinayi: Sayansi ya Nyengo “Wosunga Zakale”
M'malo ofufuzira ku Antarctica, masensa owonera ndi ena mwa owunikira ochepa a mvula omwe amagwira ntchito chaka chonse pa -50°C. Amapatsa asayansi zolemba zoyamba zolondola komanso zokhazikika za ma spectra olimba (chipale chofewa, kristalo wa ayezi) ochokera m'derali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitundu ya nyengo padziko lonse lapansi ikhale yabwino.

Mavuto ndi Tsogolo: Ang'onoang'ono, Anzeru, Kulikonse

Pakadali pano, masensa owonera ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa amakina akale ndipo amafunika kulinganizidwa mosamala panthawi yoyika. Koma tsogolo lili bwino:

1. Ndalama Zocheperako za Chip-Scale & Plummeting: Ukadaulo wa MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) ukuphatikiza mayunitsi ozindikira kuwala pa ma chip, ndipo ndalamazo zikuyembekezeka kufika m'misika ya ogula mkati mwa zaka zisanu.
2. Kuzindikira Kowonjezereka kwa AI: Ma algorithms ophunzirira makina akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ndikusefa zizindikiro zosagwa mvula (monga tizilombo, fumbi) ndikugawa mitundu ya mvula molondola.
3. "Nzeru Zachilengedwe" Zolumikizidwa pa Netiweki: Zikwizikwi za masensa ang'onoang'ono owoneka bwino omwe amapanga ma netiweki okhuthala adzajambula "minda yamvula ya 3D" pamlingo wa mzinda, kuwonetsa mayendedwe ndi kusintha kwa mvula nthawi yeniyeni.

Kutsiliza: Kuchokera ku “Kuyesa Nyengo” mpaka “Kumvetsetsa Fiziki ya Mlengalenga”

Kufunika kwa sensa ya mvula yowunikira sikungopereka manambala olondola kwambiri. Kumasonyeza kusintha kwa kuyang'ana kwa nyengo ndi madzi kuchokera ku nthawi ya kuyeza kwakukulu kupita ku nthawi ya kusanthula pang'ono.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zimatithandiza "kuona" tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta mvula pamlingo waukulu komanso wotsika mtengo, zomwe zimapangitsa mvula iliyonse yamvula ndi chipale chofewa kukhala mtsinje wa data wokonzeka kuunika mozama. Kuwala kwachete kumeneku sikungowunikira njira ya madontho amvula okha, komanso njira ya anthu yopita ku kasamalidwe kabwino komanso katsatanetsatane ka madzi munthawi ya kusintha kwa nyengo.

Tikapitirira kufunsa kuti “mvula inagwa bwanji” timayamba kufunsa kuti “Bwanjikodi mvula inagwa,” tikuyambitsa mutu watsopano mu hydrometeorology.

Seti yonse ya ma seva ndi mapulogalamu opanda zingwe, imathandizira RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza mvula zambiri,

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