Kodi ma PFA ndi chiyani? Zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa
Tsatirani nkhani zathu zaku Australia pompopompo kuti mupeze zosintha zaposachedwa
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Australia ikhoza kulimbitsa malamulo okhudzana ndi milingo yovomerezeka yamankhwala a PFAS m'madzi akumwa, kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amatchedwa amuyaya omwe amaloledwa pa lita.
Bungwe la National Health and Medical Research Council Lolemba lidatulutsa malangizo omwe akuwunikiranso malire a mankhwala anayi a PFAS m'madzi akumwa.
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), gulu lazinthu masauzande angapo, nthawi zina amatchedwa "mankhwala osatha" chifukwa amalimbikira m'chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ndizovuta kuwononga kuposa zinthu monga shuga kapena mapuloteni. Kuwonekera kwa PFAS ndikokulirapo komanso sikumangokhalira kumwa madzi akumwa.
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Maupangiri olembedwawa adapereka malingaliro a malire a PFAS pamadzi akumwa pa moyo wa munthu.
Pansi pa ndondomekoyi, malire a PFOA - mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Teflon - adzatsitsidwa kuchokera ku 560 ng / L mpaka 200 ng / L, kutengera umboni wa zotsatira zomwe zimayambitsa khansa.
Kutengera ndi nkhawa zatsopano zokhudzana ndi mafupa a mafupa, malire a PFOS - m'mbuyomu chomwe chinali chofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha nsalu Scotchgard - chikadulidwa kuchoka pa 70 ng/L mpaka 4 ng/L.
Mu Disembala chaka chatha, International Agency for Research on Cancer idayika PFOA ngati yomwe imayambitsa khansa kwa anthu - m'gulu lomwelo lakumwa mowa komanso kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya wakunja - ndi PFOS ngati "mwina" yoyambitsa khansa.
Malangizowo akuperekanso malire atsopano azinthu ziwiri za PFAS kutengera umboni wa zotsatira za chithokomiro, za 30ng/L za PFHxS ndi 1000 ng/L za PFBS. PFBS yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa PFOS ku Scotchgard kuyambira 2023.
Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa NHMRC, Prof Steve Wesselingh, adanena pamsonkhano wa atolankhani kuti malire atsopanowa adakhazikitsidwa ndi umboni wochokera ku maphunziro a zinyama. "Pakadali pano sitikhulupirira kuti pali maphunziro aumunthu okwanira kuti atitsogolere popanga ziwerengerozi," adatero.
Malire a PFOS omwe akufunsidwa akakhala ogwirizana ndi malangizo aku US, pomwe malire aku Australia a PFOA akadakhala apamwamba.
"Si zachilendo kuti zitsogozo zizisiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi potengera njira ndi mfundo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito," adatero Wesseleigh.
US ikufuna kuti ziro zochulukira zamagulu a carcinogenic, pomwe olamulira aku Australia amatenga njira ya "chitsanzo".
"Ngati tifika pansi pa mlingo umenewo, timakhulupirira kuti palibe chiopsezo cha chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli, kaya ndi matenda a chithokomiro, mavuto a mafupa kapena khansa," adatero Wesseleigh.
NHMRC idaganiza zokhazikitsa malire ophatikizika amadzi akumwa a PFAS koma idawona kuti sizothandiza chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamankhwala a PFAS. "Pali ziwerengero zambiri za PFAS, ndipo tilibe chidziwitso chokhudza ambiri mwa iwo," Dr David Cunliffe, mlangizi wamkulu wazaumoyo ku SA Health department, adatero. "Tatenga njira iyi yopangira zitsogozo za PFAS zomwe zilipo."
Utsogoleri wa PFAS umagawidwa pakati pa boma la federal ndi boma ndi madera, omwe amayendetsa madzi.
Dr Daniel Deere, mlangizi wa zamadzi ndi zaumoyo ku Water Futures, adati anthu aku Australia sanafunikire kudera nkhawa PFAS m'madzi akumwa a anthu pokhapokha atadziwitsidwa. "Ndife odala ku Australia chifukwa tilibe madzi omwe amakhudzidwa ndi PFAS, ndipo muyenera kuda nkhawa ngati akulangizidwa mwachindunji ndi aboma.
Pokhapokha atalangizidwa mwanjira ina, "palibe phindu logwiritsa ntchito njira zina zamadzi, monga madzi a m'mabotolo, makina opangira madzi apakhomo, zosefera zamadzi a benchtop, matanki a madzi amvula kapena mabowo," adatero Deere m'mawu ake.
"Anthu a ku Australia akhoza kupitiriza kukhala ndi chidaliro kuti Malangizo a Kumwa Madzi a ku Australia amaphatikizapo sayansi yaposachedwa komanso yamphamvu kwambiri kuti iteteze chitetezo cha madzi akumwa," Prof Stuart Khan, wamkulu wa Sukulu ya Civil Engineering ku yunivesite ya Sydney, adatero m'mawu ake.
NHMRC idayika patsogolo kuwunika kwa malangizo aku Australia pa PFAS m'madzi akumwa kumapeto kwa 2022. Malangizowo anali asanasinthidwe kuyambira 2018.
Malangizowo akhalabe kuti anthu akambirane mpaka pa 22 Novembara.
M'malo mwake, titha kugwiritsa ntchito masensa amadzi kuti tizindikire mtundu wamadzi, titha kukupatsirani masensa osiyanasiyana kuti muyeze magawo osiyanasiyana m'madzi kuti muwerenge.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-02-2024