Kodi ma PFA ndi chiyani? Zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa
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Australia ikhoza kulimbitsa malamulo okhudza kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa mankhwala ofunikira a PFAS m'madzi akumwa, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala otchedwa forever omwe amaloledwa pa lita imodzi.
Bungwe la National Health and Medical Research Council Lolemba latulutsa malangizo okonzanso malire a mankhwala anayi a PFAS m'madzi akumwa.
PFAS (zinthu za per- ndi polyfluoroalkyl), gulu la mankhwala ambirimbiri, nthawi zina amatchedwa "mankhwala osatha" chifukwa amakhalabe m'chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ndi ovuta kuwawononga kuposa zinthu monga shuga kapena mapuloteni. Kupezeka kwa PFAS kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo sikungokhudza madzi akumwa okha.
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Malangizo olembedwawo adapereka malangizo okhudza malire a PFAS pa kumwa madzi pa moyo wonse wa munthu.
Pansi pa lamuloli, malire a PFOA - mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga Teflon - adzachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 560 ng/L kufika pa 200 ng/L, kutengera umboni wa zotsatira zake zomwe zimayambitsa khansa.
Kutengera ndi nkhawa zatsopano zokhudza zotsatira za mafuta a m'mafupa, malire a PFOS - omwe kale anali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu choteteza nsalu cha Scotchgard - angachepetsedwe kuchoka pa 70 ng/L kufika pa 4 ng/L.
Mu Disembala chaka chatha, bungwe la International Agency for Research on Cancer linaika PFOA m'gulu la matenda omwe amayambitsa khansa kwa anthu - m'gulu lomwelo monga kumwa mowa ndi kuipitsa mpweya panja - ndi PFOS m'gulu la matenda omwe "akhoza kukhala" omwe amayambitsa khansa.
Malangizowa akuperekanso malire atsopano a mankhwala awiri a PFAS kutengera umboni wa zotsatira za chithokomiro, a 30ng/L a PFHxS ndi 1000 ng/L a PFBS. PFBS yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa PFOS ku Scotchgard kuyambira 2023.
Mkulu wa bungwe la NHMRC, Pulofesa Steve Wesselingh, adati pamsonkhano wa atolankhani kuti malire atsopanowa adakhazikitsidwa potengera umboni wochokera ku kafukufuku wa nyama. "Pakadali pano sitikukhulupirira kuti pali maphunziro a anthu okwanira kuti atitsogolere pakupanga ziwerengerozi," adatero.
Malire a PFOS omwe akuperekedwa akugwirizana ndi malangizo a US, pomwe malire a PFOA aku Australia akadali okwera.
"Sizachilendo kuti mfundo zoyendetsera zinthu zisiyane malinga ndi dziko lililonse padziko lonse lapansi kutengera njira zosiyanasiyana ndi malekezero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito," adatero Wesseleigh.
Cholinga cha US kuti pasakhale kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oyambitsa khansa, pomwe oyang'anira aku Australia amatenga njira ya "chitsanzo choyambira".
"Ngati titafika pamlingo umenewo, tikukhulupirira kuti palibe chiopsezo cha chinthucho chomwe chingayambitse vutoli, kaya ndi mavuto a chithokomiro, mavuto a m'mafupa kapena khansa," adatero Wesseleigh.
NHMRC inaganiza zokhazikitsa malire a madzi akumwa a PFAS koma inaona kuti sizingatheke poganizira kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a PFAS. "Pali mankhwala ambiri a PFAS, ndipo tilibe chidziwitso cha poizoni kwa ambiri a iwo," anatero Dr David Cunliffe, mlangizi wamkulu wa khalidwe la madzi ku dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ku SA. "Tatenga njira iyi yopangira malangizo a PFAS payekha pomwe pali deta."
Kasamalidwe ka PFAS kamagawidwa pakati pa boma la federal ndi boma ndi madera, omwe amalamulira kuperekedwa kwa madzi.
Dr. Daniel Deere, katswiri wa zamadzi ndi zaumoyo ku Water Futures, anati anthu aku Australia safunika kuda nkhawa ndi PFAS pankhani ya madzi akumwa pagulu pokhapokha atadziwitsidwa mwachindunji. "Tili ndi mwayi ku Australia chifukwa tilibe madzi ambiri omwe amakhudzidwa ndi PFAS, ndipo muyenera kuda nkhawa pokhapokha ngati akuluakulu a boma atakupatsani upangiri mwachindunji."
Pokhapokha ngati pali malangizo ena, "palibe phindu logwiritsa ntchito madzi ena, monga madzi a m'mabotolo, njira zoyeretsera madzi m'nyumba, zosefera madzi, matanki amadzi amvula am'deralo kapena mabowo," adatero Deere m'mawu ake.
"Anthu aku Australia akhoza kupitiriza kukhala ndi chidaliro kuti Malangizo a Madzi Omwa ku Australia akuphatikizapo sayansi yaposachedwa komanso yolimba kwambiri yochirikiza chitetezo cha madzi akumwa," Pulofesa Stuart Khan, mkulu wa Sukulu ya Uinjiniya wa Zachilengedwe ku Yunivesite ya Sydney, adatero m'mawu ake.
NHMRC inaika patsogolo kuwunikanso malangizo aku Australia okhudza PFAS m'madzi akumwa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2022. Malangizowa sanasinthidwe kuyambira mu 2018.
Malangizo olembedwawa akhalabe operekedwa kwa anthu onse mpaka pa 22 Novembala.
Ndipotu, tingagwiritse ntchito masensa a khalidwe la madzi kuti tizindikire ubwino wa madzi, tingapereke masensa osiyanasiyana kuti tiyese magawo osiyanasiyana m'madzi kuti muwagwiritse ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-02-2024