Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Sensor a Gasi Wophulika-Umboni ku Saudi Arabia's Industrial Sector

Kapangidwe ka mafakitale ku Saudi Arabia kumayendetsedwa ndi mafuta, gasi, petrochemicals, mankhwala, ndi migodi. Mafakitalewa ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chakutha kuyaka, kuphulika, komanso kutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni. Chifukwa chake, masensa osaphulika a gasi ndi ena mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zakutsogolo pamakina ake otetezera mafakitale.

Mbiri Yake ndi Zofunika Kwambiri

• Makhalidwe Amakampani: Njira yonse yoperekera mafuta ndi gasi ku Saudi Arabia-kuyambira pobowola kumtunda ndi kutulutsa mpaka pamayendedwe apakatikati ndi kuyenga, komanso kupanga mafuta amafuta otsika-amaphatikiza ma hydrocarbons (methane, propane, VOCs, ndi zina) ndi mpweya wapoizoni (Hydrogen Sulfide H₂S, Carbon Monoxide CO, etc.).
• Zofunikira Zachilengedwe: Maderawa amatchulidwa kuti Madera Owopsa (Ophulika). Chida chilichonse chamagetsi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyenera kukhala ndi satifiketi yoletsa kuphulika kuti chidacho chisakhale choyatsira.
• Madalaivala Owongolera: Miyezo yokhazikika yachitetezo kuchokera ku Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation ndi zimphona zamayiko monga Saudi Aramco (mwachitsanzo, miyezo ya Aramco's SAES) imalamula kukhazikitsidwa kwa makina ozindikira gasi ovomerezeka m'malo onse owopsa.

Mlandu Wodziwika: Njira Yophatikizika Yowunikira Gasi ku Saudi Aramco's Jazan Refinery

1. Ntchito mwachidule:

• Malo: Jazan Economic City, Saudi Arabia.
• Malo: Jazan Refinery ndi malo ophatikizika kwambiri oyenga, ma petrochemicals, ndi kupanga magetsi.
• Chovuta: Malowa amapangira mafuta ochulukirapo a sulfure, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kutayikira kwa H₂S. Kuphatikiza apo, chomera chonsecho chimakhala ndi mpweya wambiri woyaka moto. Kutentha kwambiri, chinyezi chambiri, malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja okhala ndi mchere wambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu pakukhalitsa kwa zida.

2. Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito ka Zomverera Zosonyeza Kuphulika kwa Gasi:
Pamalo akulu chotere, masensa a gasi osaphulika amayikidwa pamalo ovuta kwambiri:

• Zisindikizo za Pampu ndi Compressor: Zida zozungulira izi ndizochulukira wamba. Catalytic Bead kapena ma infrared-proof-proof sensors amayikidwa kuti aziyang'anira mpweya woyaka.
• Dera la Tanki Yosungira (pafupi ndi polowera ndi kunyamula zida): Nthunzi imatha kutulutsidwa panthawi yakusamutsa zinthu kapena “kupuma” chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha. Zomverera zimapereka kuwunika kosalekeza pano.
• Magawo a Magawo a Magawo (mwachitsanzo, ma reactors, magawo a magawo): Zowunikira gasi zosasunthika zimayikidwa pamalumikizidwe a ma flanges ndi ma valve komwe H₂S ndi mpweya woyaka zimatha kupezeka. Masensa awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi certification ya Intrinsic Safety (Ex i), kutanthauza kuti sangathe kutulutsa mphamvu zokwanira kuti ayambitse kuyatsa, ngakhale atalephera pamene akuyendetsedwa.
• Njira za Sewero ndi Ngalande: Malo otsekekawa amatha kuwunjikana mpweya woyaka (monga methane). Masensa amtundu wa Diffusion kapena Pump-assisted-proof-proof sensors amagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika.
• Kulowetsa Mphepete mwa Zipinda Zoyang'anira ndi Malo Ogona: Masensa amaikidwa pamalo olowera mpweya ku nyumbazi kuti mpweya wapoizoni kapena woyaka moto usakokedwe mkati, kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito.

3. Tekinoloje ya Sensor ndi Mitundu Yotsimikizira Kuphulika:

• Mfundo Zamakono:
  • Magesi Oyaka: Makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje a Catalytic Bead ndi Non-Dispersive Infrared. NDIR ikuchulukirachulukira m'malo ovuta chifukwa cha chitetezo chake ku kusowa kwa okosijeni komanso moyo wautali.
  • Mipweya Yapoizoni (mwachitsanzo, H₂S): Makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito masensa a Electrochemical.
• Chitsimikizo Chophulika: Zida ku Saudi Arabia nthawi zambiri zimafunika kukwaniritsa miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi (monga ATEX, IECEx) ndi ziphaso zakomweko. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yachitetezo ndi:
  • Ex d [Flameproof]: Malo otchingidwa amatha kupirira kuphulika kwamkati popanda kuwonongeka ndikuletsa kufalikira kwa lawi kupita kumlengalenga wakunja.
  • Ex e [Chitetezo Chowonjezereka]: Njira zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kuthekera kwa ma arcs, sparks, kapena kutentha kwambiri.
  • Ex i [Intrinsic Safety]: Chitetezo chimatsimikiziridwa pochepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi mudera. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zotetezedwa kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasensa omwe amafunikira kukonzedwa kwamoyo m'munda.

4. Kuphatikiza System ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Data:
Masensa osaphulikawa samagwira ntchito payekhapayekha koma amalumikizidwa ndi makina owongolera agasi omwe ali m'munda wonse.

• Kuwopsa Kwanthawi Yeniyeni: Sensa ikazindikira kuchuluka kwa gasi kufika pamlingo wokhazikitsidwa kale, imayambitsa ma alarm omveka komanso owoneka m'chipinda chapakati chowongolera, ndikulozera komwe kutayikira.
• Kuzimitsa / Kuwongolera Mwadzidzidzi: Dongosolo limatha kuyambitsa njira zadzidzidzi, monga:
• Kuyambitsa makina olowera mpweya pamalo otayira.
• • Kutseka basi mavavu a Emergency Shut-Down Valves oyenera.
  • Kuyimitsa mapampu apafupi kapena kompresa.
• Kulowetsa Deta ndi Kusanthula: Deta yonse imalowetsedwa ndikuwunikidwa kuti ikonzedwe molosera (mwachitsanzo, kuzindikira zida zomwe zimachucha pafupipafupi), kukonza njira zolondera, ndikuwunika zachitetezo.

Mavuto ndi Zochitika Zamtsogolo

1. Kukhazikika Kwachilengedwe: Nyengo yaku Saudi Arabia (kutentha kwambiri, mchenga, dzimbiri yamchere) imayesa kwambiri zida zanyumba, kusindikiza, komanso kukhazikika kwa zida zamagetsi. Zipangizo zimafunika Mavoti apamwamba a Ingress Protection (IP).
2. Kuchepetsa Mtengo Wonse wa Umwini: Izi zikuphatikiza mtengo wowongolera, kukonza, ndikusintha sensa. Zomwe zikuchitika m'tsogolomu ndizokhazikika, zamakono zamakono (monga IR) ndi masensa anzeru omwe ali ndi luso lodzifufuza lomwe lingathe kufotokoza zolakwika kapena kuwonongeka.
3. Smartization ndi Predictive Maintenance: Kuphatikizidwa ndi ukadaulo wa IoT, masensa osaphulika akukhala gawo la Viwanda 4.0. Pofufuza zomwe zikuchitika pa data, dongosololi likhoza kuchenjeza za kulephera kwa zidakalekuchuluka kwa gasi kumafika pamlingo wowopsa, kusuntha kuchoka pakuchitapo kanthu kupita kuchitetezo chokhazikika.
4. Zowunikira Zopanda Zingwe Zopanda Zingwe: Pakusintha kwa mbewu kapena madera omwe mawaya ndi ovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito ma sensor ovomerezeka opanda zingwe akukhala njira yowonjezera yosinthika komanso yothandiza.

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