Milandu Yogwiritsa Ntchito Ammonia Nayitrogeni, Nayitrogeni wa Nitrate, Nayitrogeni Yonse, ndi Sensor ya pH 4-in-1 ku Philippines

Dziko la Philippines, monga dziko la zisumbu, lili ndi madzi ambiri koma likukumananso ndi zovuta zoyendetsera madzi. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka sensa yamadzi ya 4-in-1 (kuyang'anira ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nayitrogeni yonse, ndi pH) m'magawo osiyanasiyana ku Philippines, kuphatikiza ulimi wothirira, madzi am'tauni, kuyankha kwatsoka mwadzidzidzi, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Pofufuza zochitika zenizeni zapadziko lonse lapansi, tikhoza kumvetsetsa momwe teknoloji yophatikizikayi imathandiza dziko la Philippines kuthana ndi mavuto oyendetsa madzi, kuwongolera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.

Mbiri ndi Zovuta Zowunikira Ubwino wa Madzi ku Philippines

Monga dziko lazilumba lomwe lili ndi zilumba zopitilira 7,000, dziko la Philippines lili ndi madzi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mitsinje, nyanja, madzi apansi panthaka, komanso malo ambiri apanyanja. Komabe, dzikoli likukumana ndi mavuto apadera pa kayendetsedwe ka madzi. Kukula kofulumira kwa mizinda, ntchito zaulimi, chitukuko cha mafakitale, ndi masoka achilengedwe (monga mvula yamkuntho ndi kusefukira kwa madzi) zimasokoneza kwambiri madzi. Kutengera izi, zida zophatikizira zowunikira zamadzi monga 4-in-1 sensor (kuyezera ammonia nayitrogeni, nayitrogeni wa nitrate, nayitrogeni wathunthu, ndi pH) zakhala zida zofunika pakuwongolera madzi abwino ku Philippines.

Nkhani zamtundu wamadzi ku Philippines zikuwonetsa kusiyanasiyana kwamadera. M'madera omwe ali ndi ulimi wambiri, monga Central Luzon ndi madera ena a Mindanao, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mopitirira muyeso kwachititsa kuti nitrogen yambiri (makamaka ammonia nitrogen ndi nitrate nitrogen) ikhale m'madzi. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kutayika kwa ammonia kuchokera ku urea wogwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa minda ya mpunga ku Philippines kumatha kufika pafupifupi 10%, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya feteleza ndikupangitsa kuti madzi awonongeke. M'matauni ngati Metro Manila, kuyipitsidwa kwazitsulo zolemera (makamaka lead) ndi kuipitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizovuta kwambiri pamakina amadzi am'matauni. M'madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi masoka achilengedwe monga Typhoon Haiyan mumzinda wa Tacloban, njira zowonongeka zamadzi zomwe zinapangitsa kuti madzi akumwa awonongeke, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda otsegula m'mimba.

Njira zachikhalidwe zowunika zamadzimadzi zimakhala ndi malire angapo ku Philippines. Kusanthula kwa labotale kumafuna kusonkhanitsa ndi kutengera zitsanzo ku ma lab apakati, zomwe zimatenga nthawi komanso zokwera mtengo, makamaka kuzilumba zakutali. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zowunikira pagawo limodzi sizitha kupereka mawonekedwe athunthu amtundu wamadzi, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo nthawi imodzi kumawonjezera zovuta zamakina ndi kukonza ndalama. Chifukwa chake, masensa ophatikizika omwe amatha kuyang'anira magawo angapo nthawi imodzi amakhala ndi phindu lapadera ku Philippines.

Ammonia nayitrogeni, nayitrogeni wa nitrate, nayitrogeni wathunthu, ndi pH ndizizindikiro zofunika pakuwunika thanzi lamadzi. Ammonia nayitrogeni makamaka amachokera ku kusefukira kwaulimi, zimbudzi zapanyumba, ndi madzi otayira m'mafakitale, omwe amakhala oopsa kwambiri ku zamoyo zam'madzi. Nayitrogeni wa nayitrogeni, chomaliza cha nayitrogeni oxidation, amakhala ndi zoopsa paumoyo monga blue baby syndrome akamwedwa mopitirira muyeso. Nayitrogeni yonse imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni m'madzi ndipo ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pakuwunika kuopsa kwa eutrophication. pH, panthawiyi, imakhudza kusintha kwa mitundu ya nayitrogeni komanso kusungunuka kwazitsulo zolemera. Pansi pa nyengo yotentha ku Philippines, kutentha kwambiri kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa organic ndi kusintha kwa nayitrogeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwunika kwenikweni kwa magawowa kukhala kofunika kwambiri.

Ubwino waukadaulo wa masensa a 4-in-1 uli pamapangidwe awo ophatikizika komanso kuthekera kowunika nthawi yeniyeni. Poyerekeza ndi masensa amtundu wamtundu umodzi, zidazi zimapereka deta nthawi imodzi pazigawo zingapo zofananira, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuwulula mgwirizano pakati pa magawo. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa pH kumakhudza mwachindunji kusanja kwa ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) ndi ammonia yaulere (NH₃) m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ammonia awonongeke. Poyang'anira magawowa palimodzi, kuunikanso mozama za ubwino wa madzi ndi kuopsa kwa kuipitsa kungatheke.

Pansi pa nyengo yapadera ya ku Philippines, masensa a 4-in-1 ayenera kuwonetsa kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi zingakhudze kukhazikika kwa sensa ndi moyo wautali, pamene mvula yambiri imayambitsa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwamadzimadzi, kusokoneza kulondola kwa masensa optical. Chifukwa chake, masensa 4-in-1 omwe amatumizidwa ku Philippines nthawi zambiri amafunikira chipukuta misozi, mapangidwe odana ndi biofouling, komanso kukana kugwedezeka ndi kulowa kwamadzi kuti athe kupirira zilumba zovuta za dzikolo.

Mapulogalamu mu Agricultural Irrigation Water Monitoring

Monga dziko laulimi, mpunga ndiye mbewu yofunika kwambiri ku Philippines, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni moyenera ndikofunikira pakupanga mpunga. Kugwiritsa ntchito masensa amtundu wa 4-in-1 m'makina othirira ku Philippines kumapereka chithandizo champhamvu chaukadaulo cha umuna wolondola komanso kuwongolera kuwononga kopanda gwero. Poyang'anira ammonia nayitrogeni, nayitrogeni wa nitrate, nayitrogeni wathunthu, ndi pH m'madzi amthirira munthawi yeniyeni, alimi ndi akatswiri aulimi amatha kusamalira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mwasayansi, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa nayitrogeni, ndikuletsa kuthamangitsidwa kwaulimi kuti zisawononge madzi ozungulira.

Rice Field Management Nayitrojeni ndi Kuwongolera Bwino kwa Feteleza

M'madera otentha ku Philippines, urea ndiye feteleza wa nayitrogeni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda ya mpunga. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kutayika kwa ammonia kuchokera ku urea wogwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda m'minda ya mpunga ya ku Philippines kumatha kufika pafupifupi 10%, yogwirizana kwambiri ndi madzi amthirira pH. Pamene pH ya madzi akumunda wa mpunga ikwera pamwamba pa 9 chifukwa cha zochita za algal, kusungunuka kwa ammonia kumakhala njira yaikulu ya kutaya nayitrogeni, ngakhale mu dothi la acidic. Sensa ya 4-in-1 imathandiza alimi kudziwa nthawi yoyenera ya feteleza ndi njira powunika pH ndi ammonia nitrogen nitrogen munthawi yeniyeni.

Ofufuza a zaulimi ku Philippines agwiritsa ntchito masensa 4-in-1 kupanga "ukadaulo woyika mozama woyendetsedwa ndi madzi" wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni. Njirayi imathandizira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni poyang'anira mwasayansi mikhalidwe ya madzi akumunda ndi njira za umuna. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi izi: Kusiya kuthirira patangotsala masiku ochepa kuti nthaka iume pang'ono, kuthira urea pamwamba, kenako kuthirira pang'ono kuti nayitrogeni alowe m'nthaka. Deta ya masensa ikuwonetsa kuti njirayi imatha kubweretsa 60% ya nayitrogeni wa urea m'nthaka, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mpweya ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya ndikuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni ndi 15-20%.

Mayesero akumunda ku Central Luzon pogwiritsa ntchito masensa 4-mu-1 adavumbulutsa mphamvu ya nayitrogeni pansi pa njira zosiyanasiyana za umuna. Mu chikhalidwe pamwamba ntchito, masensa analemba kukwera chakuthwa mu ammonia nayitrogeni 3-5 patatha masiku umuna, kenako ndi kuchepa mofulumira. Mosiyana ndi izi, kuyika kwakuya kumapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono komanso kwanthawi yayitali kutulutsidwa kwa ammonia nitrogen. Zambiri za pH zidawonetsanso kusinthasintha kwakung'ono kwamadzi wosanjikiza pH ndikuyika mozama, kuchepetsa ziwopsezo za ammonia volatilization. Zomwe zapezedwa zenizeni izi zidapereka chitsogozo chasayansi pakuwongolera njira za umuna.

Kuwunika kwa Kuwonongeka kwa Kuwonongeka kwa Mthirira

Madera olima kwambiri ku Philippines akukumana ndi zovuta zoyipa zomwe sizikuchokera ku malo, makamaka kuyipitsidwa kwa nayitrogeni kuchokera ku ngalande za mpunga. Masensa a 4-in-1 omwe amayikidwa mu ngalande za ngalande ndi kulandira madzi amawunika mosalekeza kusiyana kwa nayitrogeni kuti awone momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira ntchito zaulimi. Mu projekiti yoyang'anira m'chigawo cha Bulacan, ma sensa network adalemba kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni 40-60% mu ngalande zamthirira m'nyengo yamvula poyerekeza ndi nyengo yachilimwe. Zotsatirazi zidakhudzanso njira zoyendetsera zopatsa thanzi.

Masensa a 4-in-1 athandizanso kwambiri ntchito za sayansi ya nzika m'madera akumidzi a ku Philippines. Pakafukufuku yemwe adachitika ku Barbaza, m'chigawo cha Antique, ofufuza adagwirizana ndi alimi am'deralo kuti awone momwe madzi alili kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito masensa am'manja a 4-in-1. Zotsatira zinawonetsa kuti ngakhale madzi abwino amakumana ndi pH ndi miyezo yonse yosungunuka yolimba, kuwonongeka kwa nayitrogeni (makamaka nayitrogeni wa nitrate) kunapezeka, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi umuna wapafupi. Zotsatirazi zidapangitsa kuti anthu ammudzi asinthe nthawi ndi mitengo ya feteleza, kuchepetsa ziwopsezo zowononga madzi apansi panthaka.

*Table: Kuyerekeza kwa 4-in-1 Sensor Applications in Different Philippine Agricultural Systems

Titha kuperekanso mayankho osiyanasiyana
1. M'manja mita kwa Mipikisano parameter madzi khalidwe
2. Dongosolo la Buoy loyandama lamtundu wamadzi wamitundu yambiri
3. Burashi yotsuka yokha yamadzi ambiri amadzimadzi
4. Seti yathunthu ya ma seva ndi pulogalamu yopanda zingwe, imathandizira RS485 GPRS / 4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

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