Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse komwe kukukulirakulira pa ulimi, alimi ku South Africa akufunafuna njira zatsopano zothanirana ndi mavutowa. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ukadaulo wapamwamba wodziwa bwino nthaka m'madera ambiri ku South Africa ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri pa ulimi wolondola m'makampani a ulimi mdzikolo.
Kukwera kwa ulimi wolondola
Ulimi wolondola ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wazidziwitso ndi kusanthula deta kuti ipangitse bwino ulimi wa mbewu. Mwa kuyang'anira momwe nthaka ilili nthawi yeniyeni, alimi amatha kuyang'anira minda yawo mwasayansi, kuwonjezera zokolola ndikuchepetsa kuwononga zinthu. Dipatimenti yaulimi ku South Africa yagwirizana ndi makampani angapo aukadaulo kuti atumize zoyezera nthaka zikwizikwi m'mafamu mdziko lonselo.
Momwe masensa a nthaka amagwirira ntchito
Masensa awa ali m'nthaka ndipo amatha kuyang'anira zizindikiro zazikulu monga chinyezi, kutentha, kuchuluka kwa michere ndi mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi yeniyeni. Deta imatumizidwa popanda waya ku nsanja yochokera ku mitambo komwe alimi amatha kuipeza kudzera m'mafoni awo kapena makompyuta ndikupeza upangiri waulimi payekha.
Mwachitsanzo, masensa akazindikira kuti chinyezi cha nthaka chili pansi pa malire enaake, makinawo amadziwitsa alimi kuti azithirira. Mofananamo, ngati nthaka ilibe michere yokwanira monga nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, makinawo amalangiza alimi kuti agwiritse ntchito feteleza wokwanira. Njira yolondola yosamalira mbewuyi sikuti imangowonjezera kukula bwino kwa mbewu, komanso imachepetsa kuwononga madzi, feteleza ndi zinthu zina.
Ndalama zenizeni za alimi
Pa famu ina ku Eastern Cape ku South Africa, mlimi John Mbelele wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito zoyezera nthaka kwa miyezi ingapo. "Kale, tinkadalira luso ndi njira zachikhalidwe kuti tidziwe nthawi yothirira ndi feteleza. Tsopano ndi zoyezera izi, ndimatha kudziwa bwino momwe nthaka ilili, zomwe zimandipatsa chidaliro chachikulu pakukula kwa mbewu zanga."
Mbele adanenanso kuti pogwiritsa ntchito masensa, famu yake imagwiritsa ntchito madzi ocheperako ndi pafupifupi 30 peresenti ndi feteleza wocheperako ndi 20 peresenti, pomwe ikuwonjezera zokolola za mbewu ndi 15 peresenti. Izi sizimangochepetsa ndalama zopangira, komanso zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Nkhani yofunsira
Nkhani 1: Oasis Farm ku Eastern Cape
Chiyambi:
Oasis Farm, yomwe ili ku Eastern Cape Province ku South Africa, ili ndi malo okwana mahekitala pafupifupi 500 ndipo imalima chimanga ndi soya kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mvula yosasinthasintha yomwe yagwa m'derali m'zaka zaposachedwa, mlimi Peter van der Merwe wakhala akufunafuna njira zogwiritsira ntchito madzi moyenera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito masensa:
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2024, Peter adayika masensa 50 a nthaka pafamu, omwe amagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti aziwunika chinyezi cha nthaka, kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa michere m'nthaka nthawi yeniyeni. Sensa iliyonse imatumiza deta ku nsanja yamtambo mphindi 15 zilizonse, zomwe Peter amatha kuziwona nthawi yeniyeni kudzera pa pulogalamu yam'manja.
Zotsatira zenizeni:
1. Kuthirira kolondola:
Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya sensa, Peter adapeza kuti chinyezi cha nthaka m'magawo ena chimachepa kwambiri pakapita nthawi inayake, pomwe m'magawo ena chimakhalabe chokhazikika. Anasintha dongosolo lake lothirira kutengera deta iyi ndikukhazikitsa njira yothirira ya m'madera osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi othirira kunachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 35 peresenti, pomwe zokolola za chimanga ndi soya zinawonjezeka ndi 10 peresenti ndi 8 peresenti, motsatana.
2. Konzani bwino feteleza:
Masensawa amawunikanso kuchuluka kwa michere monga nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu m'nthaka. Peter adasintha nthawi yake yothira feteleza kutengera deta iyi kuti apewe kuthira feteleza mopitirira muyeso. Zotsatira zake, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kunachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 25 peresenti, pomwe thanzi la mbewu linakula.
3. Chenjezo la tizilombo:
Masensawo anathandizanso Peter kuzindikira tizilombo ndi matenda m'nthaka. Mwa kusanthula deta ya kutentha ndi chinyezi cha nthaka, adatha kulosera za kufalikira kwa tizilombo ndi matenda ndikutenga njira zodzitetezera kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa Peter van der Mewe:
"Pogwiritsa ntchito choyezera nthaka, ndinkatha kuyang'anira famu yanga mwasayansi kwambiri. Kale, nthawi zonse ndinkada nkhawa ndi kuthirira kwambiri kapena feteleza, tsopano nditha kupanga zisankho kutengera deta yeniyeni. Izi sizimangowonjezera kupanga, komanso zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe."
Nkhani yachiwiri: “Minda ya Mpesa Yotentha” ku Western Cape
Chiyambi:
Kampani ya Sunshine Vineyards, yomwe ili ku Western Cape Province ku South Africa, imadziwika popanga vinyo wabwino kwambiri. Mwiniwake wa munda wa mpesa Anna du Plessis akukumana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa zokolola za mphesa komanso ubwino wake chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo pakupanga vinyo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito masensa:
Pakati pa chaka cha 2024, Anna adayika zoyezera nthaka 30 m'minda ya mpesa, zomwe zimagawidwa pansi pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya minda ya mpesa kuti ziwunikire chinyezi cha nthaka, kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa michere m'nthaka nthawi yeniyeni. Anna amagwiritsanso ntchito zoyezera nyengo kuti aziwunikire deta monga kutentha kwa mpweya, chinyezi ndi liwiro la mphepo.
Zotsatira zenizeni:
1. Kuyang'anira bwino:
Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya sensa, Anna amatha kumvetsetsa bwino momwe nthaka ilili pansi pa mpesa uliwonse. Kutengera deta iyi, adasintha mapulani othirira ndi feteleza ndikukhazikitsa kasamalidwe koyenera. Zotsatira zake, zokolola ndi ubwino wa mphesa zakwera kwambiri, komanso ubwino wa vinyo.
2. Kasamalidwe ka Madzi:
Masensawo anathandiza Anna kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi ake. Anapeza kuti chinyezi m'nthaka m'malo ena chinali chochuluka kwambiri panthawi zina, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mizu ya mpesa isapezeke mpweya wokwanira. Mwa kusintha dongosolo lake lothirira, anapewa kuthirira kwambiri ndipo anasunga madzi.
3. Kusinthasintha kwa nyengo:
Zipangizo zoyezera nyengo zimathandiza Anna kudziwa zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo pa minda yake ya mpesa. Kutengera ndi kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi, adasintha njira yodulira ndi kuphimba minda ya mpesa kuti iwonjezere kupirira kwa nyengo ya minda.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa Anna du Plessis:
"Pogwiritsa ntchito zoyezera nthaka ndi zoyezera nyengo, ndinatha kuyang'anira bwino munda wanga wa mpesa. Izi sizimangowonjezera zokolola ndi ubwino wa mphesa, komanso zimandithandiza kumvetsetsa bwino zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo. Izi zithandiza kwambiri pa mapulani anga obzala mtsogolo."
Nkhani 3: Famu ya Zokolola ku KwaZulu-Natal
Chiyambi:
Famu ya Harvest ili m'chigawo cha KwaZulu-Natal ndipo imalima kwambiri nzimbe. Popeza mvula imagwa nthawi zambiri m'derali, mlimi Rashid Patel wakhala akufunafuna njira zowonjezera ulimi wa nzimbe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito masensa:
Mu theka lachiwiri la chaka cha 2024, Rashid adayika zoyezera nthaka 40 pafamu, zomwe zimagawidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti ziwunikire chinyezi cha nthaka, kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa michere m'nthaka nthawi yeniyeni. Adagwiritsanso ntchito ma drones kujambula zithunzi za mlengalenga ndikuwunika kukula kwa nzimbe.
Zotsatira zenizeni:
1. Wonjezerani kupanga:
Pogwiritsa ntchito deta ya sensa, Rashid adatha kumvetsetsa bwino momwe nthaka ilili pamunda uliwonse. Anasintha mapulani othirira ndi feteleza kutengera deta iyi, ndikukhazikitsa njira zolondola zaulimi. Zotsatira zake, zokolola za nzimbe zinawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 15%.
2. Sungani zinthu:
Masensawa anathandiza Rashid kugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi ndi feteleza. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka ndi michere, adasintha mapulani othirira ndi feteleza kuti apewe kuthirira mopitirira muyeso ndi feteleza ndikusunga zinthu.
3. Kusamalira Tizilombo:
Masensawa anathandizanso Rashid kuzindikira tizilombo ndi matenda m'nthaka. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi m'nthaka, adatenga njira zodzitetezera kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa Rashid Patel:
"Pogwiritsa ntchito sensa ya nthaka, ndinatha kuyang'anira famu yanga mwasayansi kwambiri. Izi sizimangowonjezera zokolola za nzimbe, komanso zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Ndikukonzekera kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito masensa mtsogolo kuti ndikwaniritse bwino ntchito zaulimi."
Thandizo la boma ndi makampani aukadaulo
Boma la South Africa limaona kuti chitukuko cha ulimi wolondola n’chofunika kwambiri ndipo limapereka chithandizo cha mfundo zingapo komanso ndalama zothandizira. “Mwa kulimbikitsa ukadaulo wa ulimi wolondola, tikuyembekeza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yolima bwino, kuteteza chitetezo cha chakudya m’dziko lonse ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika,” adatero mkulu wa boma.
Makampani angapo aukadaulo nawonso akugwira nawo ntchito mwakhama, akupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masensa a nthaka ndi nsanja zowunikira deta. Makampaniwa samangopereka zida zamagetsi zokha, komanso amapereka maphunziro aukadaulo ndi ntchito zothandizira alimi kuti awathandize kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ukadaulo watsopanowu.
Chiyembekezo chamtsogolo
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza komanso kufalikira kwa ukadaulo wa zoyezera nthaka, ulimi ku South Africa udzayambitsa nthawi ya ulimi wanzeru komanso wogwira mtima. M'tsogolomu, zoyezera izi zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma drones, makina odzipangira okha alimi ndi zida zina kuti apange chilengedwe chathunthu chanzeru chaulimi.
Dr John Smith, katswiri wa zaulimi ku South Africa, anati: “Zida zoyezera nthaka ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ulimi wolondola. Ndi zida zimenezi, titha kumvetsetsa bwino zosowa za nthaka ndi mbewu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ulimi ukhale wopindulitsa kwambiri. Izi sizingothandiza kukulitsa kupanga chakudya, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndikuthandizira chitukuko chokhazikika.”
Mapeto
Ulimi wa ku South Africa ukusintha kwambiri chifukwa cha ukadaulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zida zoyezera nthaka sikuti kumangowonjezera luso la ulimi, komanso kumabweretsa phindu lenileni la zachuma kwa alimi. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo ndi chithandizo cha mfundo, ulimi wolondola udzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri ku South Africa ndi padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zingathandize kwambiri kukwaniritsa Zolinga za Chitukuko Chokhazikika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-20-2025