Chifukwa cha kuchulukirachulukira kwa kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse pa ulimi, alimi ku South Africa akuyesetsa kufunafuna njira zatsopano zothana ndi mavutowa. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kofala kwa umisiri wotsogola wa masensa a m’nthaka m’madera ambiri a ku South Africa ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri chaulimi wolondola m’makampani a zaulimi a dzikolo.
Kukwera kwa ulimi wolondola
Ulimi wolondola ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wazidziwitso komanso kusanthula deta kuti mbewuyo ipangike bwino. Poyang'anira nthaka nthawi yeniyeni, alimi amatha kusamalira minda yawo mwasayansi, kuonjezera zokolola komanso kuchepetsa kuwononga zinthu. Unduna wa zaulimi ku South Africa wagwirizana ndi makampani angapo aukadaulo kuti atumize masauzande azinthu zoyesa nthaka m'mafamu m'dziko lonselo.
Momwe masensa a nthaka amagwirira ntchito
Masensawa amaikidwa m'nthaka ndipo amatha kuyang'anitsitsa zizindikiro zazikulu monga chinyezi, kutentha, zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kuyendetsa magetsi mu nthawi yeniyeni. Izi zimatumizidwa popanda zingwe kupita ku mtambo komwe alimi amatha kuzipeza kudzera pa mafoni awo a m'manja kapena makompyuta ndikupeza upangiri waulimi wawo.
Mwachitsanzo, masensa akazindikira kuti chinyontho cha nthaka chili pansi pa malo enaake, dongosololi limachenjeza alimi kuti azithirira. Mofananamo, ngati nthaka ilibe zakudya zokwanira monga nitrogen, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, dongosololi limalangiza alimi kuti agwiritse ntchito feteleza woyenerera. Njira yolondolayi yoyendetsera bwino sikuti imangokulitsa luso la kukula kwa mbewu, komanso imachepetsa kuwononga madzi, feteleza ndi zinthu zina.
Ndalama zenizeni za alimi
Pafamu ina m’chigawo cha Eastern Cape ku South Africa, mlimi John Mbelele wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyezera nthaka kwa miyezi ingapo. “M’mbuyomu tinkadalira luso komanso njira zachikale kuti tidziwe nthawi yothirira ndi kuthirira feteleza.” Tsopano pogwiritsa ntchito masensa amenewa, ndimatha kudziwa bwinobwino mmene nthaka ilili, zomwe zimandipatsa chidaliro chokulirapo pakukula kwa mbewu zanga.
Mbele adanenanso kuti pogwiritsa ntchito masensawo, famu yake imagwiritsa ntchito madzi ochepera ndi 30 peresenti ndi feteleza wochepera 20 peresenti, pomwe amachulukitsa zokolola ndi 15 peresenti. Izi sizimangochepetsa ndalama zopangira, komanso zimachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe.
Mlandu wofunsira
Mlandu 1: Oasis Farm ku Eastern Cape
Mbiri:
Ili ku Eastern Cape Province ku South Africa, Oasis Farm ili ndi malo pafupifupi mahekitala 500 ndipo imalima makamaka chimanga ndi soya. Chifukwa chakugwa mvula yosasinthika m’zaka zaposachedwapa, mlimi Peter van der Merwe wakhala akusakasaka njira zopangira madzi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Mapulogalamu a sensor:
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2024, Peter anaikapo zoyezera nthaka 50 pafamupo, zomwe zimagawidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana kuti ziwone chinyezi cha nthaka, kutentha ndi zakudya zomwe zili munthaka. Sensa iliyonse imatumiza deta ku nsanja yamtambo mphindi iliyonse ya 15, yomwe Petro amatha kuwona mu nthawi yeniyeni kudzera pa pulogalamu ya m'manja.
Zotsatira zenizeni:
1. Kuthirira mwatsatanetsatane:
Pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha sensa, Peter adapeza kuti chinyezi cha nthaka m'madera ena chinachepa kwambiri panthawi inayake, pamene ena chinakhalabe chokhazikika. Anasintha ndondomeko yake yothirira pogwiritsa ntchito detayi ndikugwiritsira ntchito njira yothirira zonal. Zotsatira zake, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amthirira kunachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 35 peresenti, pomwe zokolola za chimanga ndi soya zidakwera ndi 10 peresenti ndi 8 peresenti.
2. Konzani ubwamuna:
Masensawa amawunikanso zomwe zili m'nthaka monga nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Peter adasintha ndondomeko yake ya umuna kutengera deta iyi kuti apewe kuchulukitsa feteleza. Zotsatira zake, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kunachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 25 peresenti, pomwe zakudya zopatsa thanzi zidakula bwino.
3. Chenjezo la tizirombo:
Masensawo anathandizanso Petulo kudziwa tizirombo komanso matenda omwe anali m’nthaka. Popenda kutentha kwa nthaka ndi chinyezi, adatha kuneneratu zochitika za tizirombo ndi matenda ndi kutenga njira zodzitetezera kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa Peter van der Mewe:
"Pogwiritsa ntchito sensa ya nthaka, ndinatha kuyang'anira munda wanga mwasayansi kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, nthawi zonse ndimakhala ndi nkhawa za kuthirira kapena feteleza, tsopano ndimatha kupanga zisankho pogwiritsa ntchito deta yeniyeni. Izi sizimangowonjezera kupanga, komanso zimachepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe."
Mlandu 2: "Minda Yamphesa Yadzuwa" ku Western Cape
Mbiri:
Ili ku Western Cape Province ku South Africa, Sunshine Vineyards amadziwika kuti amapanga vinyo wapamwamba kwambiri. Mwini munda wa mpesa Anna du Plessis akukumana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa zokolola za mphesa ndi ubwino wake chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo pa ulimi wa viticultural.
Mapulogalamu a sensor:
Chapakati pa 2024, Anna adayika masensa 30 a nthaka m'minda yamphesa, yomwe imagawidwa pansi pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mipesa kuti iwonetsere chinyezi cha dothi, kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwa michere munthawi yeniyeni. Anna amagwiritsanso ntchito masensa a nyengo kuti ayang'anire deta monga kutentha kwa mpweya, chinyezi ndi liwiro la mphepo.
Zotsatira zenizeni:
1. Kasamalidwe kabwino:
Pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha sensa, Anna amatha kumvetsetsa bwino nthaka pansi pa mpesa uliwonse. Kutengera ndi zomwezi, adasintha ndondomeko za ulimi wothirira ndi feteleza ndikukhazikitsa kasamalidwe koyenera. Chotsatira chake, zokolola ndi ubwino wa mphesa zakhala zikuyenda bwino, komanso ubwino wa vinyo.
2. Kasamalidwe ka Zamadzi:
Masensawo adathandizira Anna kukhathamiritsa momwe amagwiritsira ntchito madzi. Anapeza kuti chinyontho cha dothi m'malo ena chinali chokwera kwambiri panthawi zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu ya mpesa ikhale yopanda mpweya. Mwa kusintha ndondomeko yake yothirira, iye anapewa kuthirira mopambanitsa ndi kusunga madzi.
3. Kusintha kwanyengo:
Zowunikira zanyengo zimathandiza Anna kudziwa momwe kusintha kwanyengo kumakhudzira minda yake yamphesa. Potengera kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi, iye anasintha njira zodulira mipesa ndi mithunzi kuti mipesa ikhale yolimba.
Ndemanga za Anna du Plessis:
"Pogwiritsa ntchito masensa a nthaka ndi masensa a nyengo, ndinatha kuyang'anira bwino munda wanga wa mpesa. Izi sizimangowonjezera zokolola ndi ubwino wa mphesa, komanso zimandipatsa kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo. Izi zidzathandiza kwambiri pa ndondomeko yanga yobzala mtsogolo."
Mlandu 3: Famu Yokolola ku KwaZulu-Natal
Mbiri:
Famu ya Harvest ili m’chigawo cha KwaZulu-Natal ndipo imalima makamaka nzimbe. Chifukwa cha kugwa kwamvula kosasinthasintha m’derali, mlimi Rashid Patel wakhala akusakasaka njira zolimbikitsira ulimi wa nzimbe.
Mapulogalamu a sensor:
Mu theka lachiwiri la 2024, Rashid adayika masensa a nthaka 40 pafamuyo, omwe amagawidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana kuti ayang'ane chinyezi cha nthaka, kutentha ndi zakudya zowonjezera panthawi yeniyeni. Anagwiritsanso ntchito ma drone kujambula zithunzi zapamlengalenga ndikuwona momwe nzimbe ikukulira.
Zotsatira zenizeni:
1. Wonjezerani kupanga:
Pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha sensa, Rashid adatha kumvetsetsa bwino nthaka ya chiwembu chilichonse. Anasintha ndondomeko za ulimi wothirira ndi feteleza kutengera detayi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zolondola zaulimi. Zotsatira zake, zokolola za nzimbe zidakwera pafupifupi 15%.
2. Sungani zothandizira:
Masensawo adathandizira Rashid kukhathamiritsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi feteleza. Kutengera ndi chinyezi cha nthaka komanso kuchuluka kwa michere, adasintha ndondomeko za ulimi wothirira ndi feteleza kuti apewe kuthirira ndi kuthirira kwambiri ndikusunga zinthu.
3. Kusamalira Tizirombo:
Masensawo adathandizanso Rashid kuwona tizirombo ndi matenda m'nthaka. Potengera kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa dothi ndi chinyezi, adachitapo kanthu kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa Rashid Patel:
"Pogwiritsa ntchito sensa ya nthaka, ndinatha kuyang'anira munda wanga mwasayansi kwambiri. Izi sizimangowonjezera zokolola za nzimbe, komanso zimachepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Ndikukonzekera kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito masensa m'tsogolomu kuti ndikwaniritse bwino ulimi wa ulimi."
Thandizo la boma ndi kampani yaukadaulo
Boma la South Africa limaona kufunikira kwakukulu pa chitukuko cha ulimi wolondola ndipo limapereka ndalama zothandizira ndondomeko ndi ndalama zothandizira. "Polimbikitsa ukadaulo waukadaulo waulimi, tikuyembekeza kupititsa patsogolo ulimi waulimi, kuteteza chakudya chamtundu uliwonse komanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika," adatero mkulu wa boma.
Makampani angapo aukadaulo nawonso akutenga nawo gawo, akupereka mitundu ingapo ya masensa a nthaka ndi nsanja zowunikira ma data. Makampaniwa samangopereka zida zamagetsi, komanso amapereka maphunziro aukadaulo ndi chithandizo kwa alimi kuti awathandize kugwiritsa ntchito bwino matekinoloje atsopanowa.
Malingaliro amtsogolo
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza komanso kutchuka kwa ukadaulo wa sensa ya nthaka, ulimi ku South Africa ubweretsa nthawi yaulimi wanzeru komanso wothandiza. M'tsogolomu, masensa awa atha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma drones, makina aulimi odzipangira okha ndi zida zina kuti apange chilengedwe chonse chanzeru chaulimi.
Dr John Smith, katswiri wa zaulimi ku South Africa, anati: “Masensa a m’nthaka ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya ulimi wolondola kwambiri.
Mapeto
Ulimi waku South Africa ukusintha motengera luso laukadaulo. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa masensa a nthaka sikungowonjezera luso la ulimi, komanso kumabweretsa phindu lenileni lachuma kwa alimi. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo ndi chithandizo cha mfundo, ulimi wolondola udzakhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri ku South Africa komanso padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zikuthandizira kukwaniritsa zolinga za Sustainable Development Goals.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-20-2025